Efficiencies of Chemical Techniques for Rice Grain Freshness Analysis

doi:10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60144-4

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Two chemical methods which are commonly used for rice grain freshness determination were investigated for their efficiencies. Method 1 is made of bromothymol blue indicator, and the principle is based on indicator’s color which is changed in according to pH of the stored rice grains. Method 2 is based on peroxidase activity which deteriorates during storage of rice grains. Both methods were used for determination of fresh-aged rice index of six Thai-rice cultivars, four from non-waxy rice cultivars (KDML 105, Chai Nat 1, Chai Nat 2 and Phitsanulok 2) and two from waxy rice cultivars (San-pah-tawng and RD6). Rice samples were kept in the forms of paddy and polished rice. Fresh-aged rice indices were determined using both methods every two weeks over the storage period of 24 weeks (six months). It was found that both methods were capable of detecting fresh-aged rice indices. The color of chemical solutions changed with regards to the age of rice grains and it could be detected spectrophotometrically. Rice grains which have been kept as paddy provided more consistent results. Method 1 is recommended for industrial application as it is simple, efficient and inexpensive.

关键词: fresh-aged rice index, peroxidase activity, bromothymol blue indicator, paddy, polished rice, chemical technique

Khongsak SRIKAEO, Uttaphon PANYA. Efficiencies of Chemical Techniques for Rice Grain Freshness Analysis[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2013, 20(4): 292-297.

参考文献

Chen T F, Chen C L. 2003. Analysing the freshness of intact rice grains by colour determination of peroxidase activity. J Sci Food Agric, 83: 1214–1218.
Chrastil J. 1990. Chemical and physicochemical changes of rice during storage at different temperatures. J Cereal Sci, 11: 71–85.
Chrastil J. 1992. Correlations between the physicochemical and functional properties of rice. J Agric Food Chem, 40: 1683–1686.
Choudhury N H, Juliano B O. 1980. Effect of amylose content on the lipids of mature rice grain. Phytochem, 19: 1385–1389.
Deka S C, Sood D R, Gupta S K. 2000. Effect of storage on fatty acid profiles of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes. J Food Sci Technol, 37: 217–221.
Dhaliwal Y S, Sekhon K S, Nagi H P S. 1991. Enzymatic activities and rheological properties of stored rice. Cereal Chem, 68: 18–21.
Hemavathy J, Prabhakar J V. 1987. Lipid composition of rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 64: 1016–1019.
Ito S, Suzuki T, Fujino Y. 1983. Wax lipid in rice bran. Cereal Chem, 60: 252–253.
Jin Z X, Qian C R, Yang J, Liu H Y, Piao Z Z. 2007. Changes in activities of glutamine synthetase during grain filling and their relation to rice quality. Rice Sci, 14: 211–216.
Juliano B O. 1992. Structure, chemistry, and function of the rice grain and its fractions. Cereal Food World, 37: 772–779.
Matsukura U, Kaneko S, Momma M. 2000. Method for measuring the freshness of individual rice grains by means of a color reaction of catalase activity. J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol, 47: 523–528.
Nandi S, Sen-Mandi S, Sinha T P. 1997. Active oxygen and their scavengers in rice seeds (Oryza sativa cv IET 4094) aged under tropical environmental conditions. Seed Sci Res, 7: 253–259.
Nishiba Y, Sato T, Suda I. 2000. Convenient method to determine free fatty acid of rice using thin-layer chromatography and flame-ionization detection system. Cereal Chem, 77: 223–229.
Noda H, Goto T, Ohya H, Kamada H. 2005. Highly accurate sensing for a temporal change in the freshness of brown rice using a chemiluminescence measurement combined with a luminol-peroxidase system. Bunseki Kagaku, 54: 75–78. (in Japanese with English abstract)
Noomhorm A, Kongseree N, Apintanapong N. 1997. Effect of aging on the quality of glutinous rice crackers. Cereal Chem, 74: 12–15.
Ogawa Y, Kuensting H, Nakao H, Sugiyama J. 2002. Three-dimensional lipid distribution of a brown rice kernel. J Food Sci, 67: 2596–2599.
Ohno T, Ohisa N. 2005. Studies on textural and chemical changes in aged rice grains. Food Sci Technol Res, 11: 385–389.
Ohno T, Tomatsu M, Toeda K, Ohisa N. 2007. Gelatinization properties of aged rice and improvement of rice texture by external layer removal. Food Sci Technol Res, 13: 301–304.
Park C E, Kim Y S, Park K J, Kim B K. 2012. Changes in physicochemical characteristics of rice during storage at different temperatures. J Stored Prod Res, 48: 25–29.
Patindol J, Wang Y J, Jane J I. 2005. Structure-functionality changes in starch following rough rice storage. Starch/St?rke, 57: 197–207.
Perdon A A, Siebenmorgen T J, Buescher R W, Gbur E E. 1999. Starch retrogradation and texture of cooked milled rice during storage. J Food Sci, 64: 828–832.
Perez C M, Juliano B O. 1981. Texture changes and storage of rice. J Texture Stud, 12: 321–333.
Sheffield J B. 2007. ImageJ, a useful tool for biological image processing and analysis. Microsc Microanal, 13: 200–201.
Shin M G, Yoon S H, Rhee J H, Kwon T W. 1986. Correlation between oxidative deterioration of unsaturated lipid and n-Hexanal during storage of brown rice. J Food Sci, 51: 460–463.
Singh N, Kaur L, Sandhu K S, Kaur J, Nishinari K. 2006. Relationships between physicochemical morphological, thermal, rheological properties of rice starches. Food Hydrocol, 20: 532–542.
Sirisoontaralak P, Noomhorm A. 2007. Changes in physico-chemical and sensory-properties of irradiated rice during storage. J Stored Prod Res, 43: 282–289.
Sodhi N S, Singh N, Arora M, Sing J. 2003. Changes in physico-chemical, thermal, cooking and textural properties of rice during aging. J Food Proc Pres, 27: 387–400.
Sowbhagya C M, Bhattacharya K R. 2001. Changes in pasting behaviour of rice during ageing. J Cereal Sci, 34: 115–124.
Suzuki Y, Ise K, Li C, Honda I, Iwai Y, Matsukura U. 1999. Volatile components in stored rice (Oryza Sativa L.) of varieties with and without lipolygenase-3 in seeds. J Agric Food Chem, 47: 1119–1124.
Takano K. 1989. Studies on the mechanism of lipid-hydrolysing in rice bran. J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol, 36: 519–524.
Takashi M, Koji K, Tatsuhiko O. 2006. Method of measuring freshness of cereals and beans and apparatus therefor. European Patent EP 1612542A1.
Tananuwong K, Malila Y. 2011. Changes in physicochemical properties of organic hulled rice during storage under different conditions. Food Chem, 125: 179–185.
Ushio M, Shigenobu K, Michiko M. 2000. Method for measuring the freshness of individual rice grains by means of a color reaction of catalase activity. J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol, 47: 523–528.
Watson C A, Dikeman E, Stermer R A. 1975. A note on surface lipid content and scanning electron microscopy of milled rice as related to degree of milling. Cereal Chem, 52: 742–747.
Zhou Z, Robards K, Helliwell S, Blanchard C. 2002. Ageing of stored rice: Changes in chemical and physical attributes. J Cereal Sci, 35: 65–78.
Zhou Z, Robards K, Helliwell S, Blanchard C. 2003. Effect of rice storage on pasting properties of rice flour. Food Res Int, 36: 625–634.

[1]	Md. Nasim ALI, Bhaswati GHOSH, Saikat GANTAIT, Somsubhra CHAKRABORTY. Selection of Rice Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance Through Morpho-Biochemical Assessment[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2014, 21(5): 288-298.
[2]	Menithen BEBER-RODRIGUES, Vildes Maria SCUSSEL. Mycoflora and Mycotoxicological Quality of Four Freshly Harvested Paddy Rice Cultivars and Relation with Harvest to Industry Reception Timing[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2013, 20(4): 303-308.
[3]	ZHANG Ya-jie, HUA Jing-jing, LI Ya-chao, CHEN Ying-ying, YANG Jian-chang. Effects of Phosphorus on Grain Quality of Upland and Paddy Rice under Different Cultivation[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2012, 19(2): 135-142.
[4]	Ranganathan KAPILAN, Vasanthy ARASARATNAM. Paddy Husk as Support for Solid State Fermentation to Produce Xylanase from Bacillus pumilus[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2011, 18(1): 36-45 .
[5]	Mohammad Safdar BALOCH, Inayat Ullah AWAN, Gul HASSAN, Abdul Aziz KHAKWANI. Effect of Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Some Growth Attributes of Rice[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2006, 13(2): 131-140 .
[6]	LIAO Min, XIE Xiao-mei, HUANG Chang-yong. Effect of Pesticides on Certain Soil Biological and Biochemical Indices of a Paddy Soil[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2003, 11(1-2): 62-67 .