Higher Grain-Filling Rate in Inferior Spikelets of Tolerant Rice Genotype Offset Grain Yield Loss under Post-Anthesis High Night Temperatures

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2024.06.003

摘要/Abstract

. [J]. Rice Science, 2024, 31(5): 572-586.

Fig. 1. Effect of high night temperatures (HNT) on gas exchange parameters of flag leaves in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22, N22) genotypes of rice. A‒G, Flag leaf nocturnal respiration rate based on leaf area (A), nocturnal respiration rate based on plant weight (B), flag leaf stomatal conductance (C), flag leaf transpiration rate (D), flag leaf photosynthetic rate (E), carboxylation efficiency (F), and the ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiration rate on a leaf area basis (Pn/Rn) (G) in the sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22, N22) rice genotypes under control and HNT conditions at 10 and 20 d after flowering (DAF). Values are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences at the 5% level using Duncan’s multiple range test.

Fig. 2. Effect of high night temperatures (HNT) on total dry matter production, spikelet sterility, and 1000-grain weight of superior and inferior spikelets in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22, N22) genotypes of rice. A‒C, Total dry matter production (A), spikelet sterility (B), and 1000-grain weight (C) in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22, N22) genotypes of rice under control and HNT conditions. Values are Mean ± SE (n = 3 in A and n = 5 in B and C). Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences at the 5% level using Duncan’s multiple range test

Table 1. Yield and yield components in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22) genotypes of rice under control and high night temperature (HNT) conditions at harvest.

Genotype	Temperature	No. of panicles per plant	No. of spikelets per plant	Spikelet sterility (%)	Grain yield per plant (g)	1000-grain weight (g)
Vandana	Control	20.50 ± 0.87 a	1 353.15 ± 18.06 b	16.35 ± 0.82 b	25.32 ± 1.61 a	23.31 ± 0.26 a
	HNT	19.50 ± 1.44 a	1 307.75 ± 21.60 b	27.82 ± 2.39 a	20.78 ± 0.83 b	21.51 ± 0.36 b
Nagina 22	Control	19.67 ± 1.20 a	1 347.47 ± 20.48 b	16.63 ± 0.34 b	19.04 ± 0.24 c	16.95 ± 0.07 c
	HNT	22.00 ± 2.31 a	1 480.39 ± 30.73 a	11.91 ± 0.12 c	21.44 ± 0.91 b	17.19 ± 0.11 c

Fig. 3. Grain growth rate of superior and inferior spikelets in sensitive (Vandana) (A) and tolerant (Nagina 22) (B) genotypes of rice under control and high night temperature (HNT) conditions at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 d after flowering (DAF). Values are Mean ± SE (n = 5). Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences at the 5% level using Duncan’s multiple range test.

Fig. 4. Relative counts as disintegration per minute of 14C labeled sugar in superior and inferior spikelets from samples collected at night (11:00 pm) and morning (6:00 am) compared with basal counts at evening (4:00 pm) (after fixing of 14CO2) under control and high night temperature (HNT) conditions in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22, N22) genotypes of rice at 10 d after flowering. Values are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences at the 5% level using Duncan’s multiple range test.

Fig. 5. Panicle temperature depression at morning (6:00 am) and night (11:00 pm) in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22, N22) genotypes of rice under control and high night temperature (HNT) conditions at 10 and 20 d after flowering (DAF). Values are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences at the 5% level using Duncan’s multiple range test.

Fig. 6. Chalky grain percent (A), proportion of high-density grains (B), apparent amylose content (C), and gelatinization temperature (D) in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22, N22) genotypes of rice under control and high night temperature (HNT) conditions at harvest. Values are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences at the 5% level using Duncan’s multiple range test.

Table 2. Hulling percentage and head rice recovery in susceptible (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22) genotypes of rice under control and high night temperature (HNT) conditions at harvest. (%)

Grain type	Genotype	Hulling percentage		Head rice recovery
Grain type	Genotype	Control	HNT	Control	HNT
Superior grain	Vandana	80.36 ± 0.49 a	79.81 ± 0.66 a	46.68 ± 5.23 c	36.36 ± 5.01 c
Superior grain	Nagina 22	75.60 ± 1.74 b	77.63 ± 0.62 ab	66.43 ± 5.29 b	70.02 ± 7.18 b
Inferior grain	Vandana	78.51 ± 0.65 ab	79.89 ± 1.20 a	85.60 ± 5.46 a	65.33 ± 4.36 b
Inferior grain	Nagina 22	76.31 ± 1.42 b	78.69 ± 0.95 ab	84.83 ± 2.06 a	89.40 ± 2.64 a

Table 3. Pasting properties of rice flour in susceptible (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22) genotype of rice under control and high night temperature (HNT) conditions at harvest.

Genotype/ Grain type	Treatment	Peak viscosity (cP)	Trough viscosity (cP)	Breakdown (cP)	Final viscosity (cP)	Setback (cP)	Peak time (min)	Pasting temperature (ºC)
Vandana
Superior grain	Control	3 015 ± 57 a	2 498 ± 37 a	517 ± 20 c	6 400 ± 56 b	3 902 ± 22 b	5.75 ± 0.02 bc	86.65 ± 0.28 c
	HNT	2 135 ± 22 d	2 009 ± 27 c	126 ± 4 f	5 558 ± 72 c	3 549 ± 46 bc	5.93 ± 0.00 a	90.18 ± 0.22 a
Inferior grain	Control	2 084 ± 7 d	1 910 ± 8 d	174 ± 2 e	5 663 ± 23 c	3 756 ± 15 b	5.80 ± 0.04 b	90.18 ± 0.24 a
	HNT	2 889 ± 61 a	2 272 ± 40 b	617 ± 21 b	7 289 ± 94 a	5 017 ± 55 a	5.71 ± 0.02 c	88.00 ± 0.03 b
Nagina 22
Superior grain	Control	1 824 ± 35 e	1 653 ± 26 e	168 ± 11 ef	5 033 ± 98 d	3 380 ± 72 c	5.75 ± 0.02 bc	90.15 ± 0.28 a
	HNT	2 398 ± 33 c	1 930 ± 29 cd	471 ± 9 d	6 972 ± 120 a	5 042 ± 97 a	5.60 ± 0.00 d	89.65 ± 0.03 a
Inferior grain	Control	1 816 ± 30 e	1 633 ± 21 e	183 ± 9 e	4 928 ± 73 d	3 295 ± 52 c	5.71 ± 0.04 c	90.17 ± 0.29 a
Inferior grain	HNT	2 697 ± 6 b	2 018 ± 408 c	680 ± 23 a	6 996 ± 334 a	4 979 ± 297 a	5.60 ± 0.00 d	88.53 ± 0.24 b

Fig. 7. Comparison of tolerance strategies at source and sink ends in sensitive (Vandana) and tolerant (Nagina 22) rice genotypes.

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