Rice Science ›› 2015, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 89-98.DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(14)60281-X
• • 上一篇
收稿日期:2014-03-31
接受日期:2014-09-30
出版日期:2015-03-10
发布日期:2015-01-27
. [J]. Rice Science, 2015, 22(2): 89-98.
| Pesticide | Medium | Liquid culture | Agar medium | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GEC | NOEC | Partial lethal range | LC100 | HPC | LC100 | ||||
| MIC | HPC | ||||||||
| Carbaryl | C-N | NO | 10 | 20 | 80 | 100 | 80 | 100 | |
| C+N | NO | 10 | 20 | 100 | 120 | 80 | 100 | ||
| Carbofuran | C-N | 25 | 50 | 100 | 1 500 | 2 000 | 500 | 600 | |
| C+N | 25 | 50 | 100 | 2 000 | 3 000 | 500 | 600 | ||
| Ziram | C-N | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.17 | |
| C+N | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 0.13 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 0.17 | ||
| Zineb | C-N | NO | 0.5 | 1 | 15 | 25 | 5 | 10 | |
| C+N | NO | 0.5 | 5 | 20 | 30 | 5 | 10 | ||
| Mancozeb | C-N | NO | 0.5 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 7 | |
| C+N | NO | 0.5 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 7 | ||
Table 1 Toxic ranges of Cylindrospermum sp. due to carbamate pesticides in liquid and agar media. (µg/mL)
| Pesticide | Medium | Liquid culture | Agar medium | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GEC | NOEC | Partial lethal range | LC100 | HPC | LC100 | ||||
| MIC | HPC | ||||||||
| Carbaryl | C-N | NO | 10 | 20 | 80 | 100 | 80 | 100 | |
| C+N | NO | 10 | 20 | 100 | 120 | 80 | 100 | ||
| Carbofuran | C-N | 25 | 50 | 100 | 1 500 | 2 000 | 500 | 600 | |
| C+N | 25 | 50 | 100 | 2 000 | 3 000 | 500 | 600 | ||
| Ziram | C-N | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.17 | |
| C+N | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.5 | 0.13 | 0.2 | 0.15 | 0.17 | ||
| Zineb | C-N | NO | 0.5 | 1 | 15 | 25 | 5 | 10 | |
| C+N | NO | 0.5 | 5 | 20 | 30 | 5 | 10 | ||
| Mancozeb | C-N | NO | 0.5 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 7 | |
| C+N | NO | 0.5 | 1 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 7 | ||
Fig. 1. Probits of percent lethality plotted against log10 concentrations of five pesticides carbaryl, carbofuran, ziram, zineb and mancozeb in toxicity studies of Cylindrospermum sp. in liquid medium and agar medium. Values of LC25, LC50 (extrapolation by broken lines) and LC75 were extrapolated from the respective lines drawn for connecting probit points. The upper-side scale of log10 concentration was the data of soil-water interface.
| Pesticide | Medium | Lethal range in liquid medium | Lethal range in agar medium | Lethality in soil-water interface | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC25 | LC50 | LC75 | LC100 | LC25 | LC50 | LC75 | LC100 | LC50 | LC100 | ||||
| Carbaryl | C-N | 28.2 (1.45) | 56.2 (1.75) | 58.9 (1.77) | 100 | 27.5 (1.44) | 44.7 (1.65) | 67.6 (1.83) | 100 | 91.2 | 200 | ||
| C+N | 33.9 (1.53) | 43.7 (1.64) | - | 120 | 34.7 (1.54) | 55.0 (1.74) | 70.8 (1.85) | 100 | - | - | |||
| Carbofuran | C-N | 158.5 (2.20) | 588.8 (2.77) | - | 1 500.0 | 147.9 (2.17) | 239.9 (2.38) | 363.1 (2.56) | 600 | 2 317.0 (3.36) | 6 000.0 | ||
| C+N | 123.0 (2.09) | 288.4 (2.46) | 758.8 (2.88) | 2 000.0 | 147.9 (2.17) | 223.9 (2.35) | 338.8 (2.53) | 600 | - | - | |||
| Ziram | C-N | 0.05 (-1.35) | 0.07 (-1.15) | - | 0.17 | 0.05 (-1.29) | 0.07 (-1.12) | - | 0.17 | 0.15 (-0.82) | 0.5 | ||
| C+N | 0.04 (-1.35) | 0.08 (-1.06) | - | 0.2 | 0.04 (-1.38) | 0.07 (-1.12) | - | 0.17 | - | - | |||
| Zineb | C-N | 1.6 (0.20) | 4.2 (0.62) | 13.5 (1.13) | 25 | 1.5 (0.16) | 1.8 (0.25) | 3.2 (0.50) | 10 | 16.4 (1.21) | 50 | ||
| C+N | - | 13.4 (1.13) | - | 30 | 1.5 (0.17) | 1.8 (0.26) | 3.0 (0.47) | 10 | - | - | |||
| Mancozeb | C-N | 2.3 (0.37) | 3.4 (0.53) | 4.8 (0.68) | 9 | 0.9 (0.09) | 2.3 (0.37) | 3.3 (0.52) | 7 | 7.2 (0.86) | 25 | ||
| C+N | 2.6 (0.42) | 4.2 (0.62) | 5.6 (0.75) | 9 | 1.3 (0.10) | 2.0 (0.31) | 3.0 (0.47) | 7 | - | - | |||
Table 2 Toxic ranges of Cylindrospermum sp. of two insecticides and three fungicides in liquid and agar C-N and C+N media as well as toxicity at soil-water interface monitored on C-N agar media.
| Pesticide | Medium | Lethal range in liquid medium | Lethal range in agar medium | Lethality in soil-water interface | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LC25 | LC50 | LC75 | LC100 | LC25 | LC50 | LC75 | LC100 | LC50 | LC100 | ||||
| Carbaryl | C-N | 28.2 (1.45) | 56.2 (1.75) | 58.9 (1.77) | 100 | 27.5 (1.44) | 44.7 (1.65) | 67.6 (1.83) | 100 | 91.2 | 200 | ||
| C+N | 33.9 (1.53) | 43.7 (1.64) | - | 120 | 34.7 (1.54) | 55.0 (1.74) | 70.8 (1.85) | 100 | - | - | |||
| Carbofuran | C-N | 158.5 (2.20) | 588.8 (2.77) | - | 1 500.0 | 147.9 (2.17) | 239.9 (2.38) | 363.1 (2.56) | 600 | 2 317.0 (3.36) | 6 000.0 | ||
| C+N | 123.0 (2.09) | 288.4 (2.46) | 758.8 (2.88) | 2 000.0 | 147.9 (2.17) | 223.9 (2.35) | 338.8 (2.53) | 600 | - | - | |||
| Ziram | C-N | 0.05 (-1.35) | 0.07 (-1.15) | - | 0.17 | 0.05 (-1.29) | 0.07 (-1.12) | - | 0.17 | 0.15 (-0.82) | 0.5 | ||
| C+N | 0.04 (-1.35) | 0.08 (-1.06) | - | 0.2 | 0.04 (-1.38) | 0.07 (-1.12) | - | 0.17 | - | - | |||
| Zineb | C-N | 1.6 (0.20) | 4.2 (0.62) | 13.5 (1.13) | 25 | 1.5 (0.16) | 1.8 (0.25) | 3.2 (0.50) | 10 | 16.4 (1.21) | 50 | ||
| C+N | - | 13.4 (1.13) | - | 30 | 1.5 (0.17) | 1.8 (0.26) | 3.0 (0.47) | 10 | - | - | |||
| Mancozeb | C-N | 2.3 (0.37) | 3.4 (0.53) | 4.8 (0.68) | 9 | 0.9 (0.09) | 2.3 (0.37) | 3.3 (0.52) | 7 | 7.2 (0.86) | 25 | ||
| C+N | 2.6 (0.42) | 4.2 (0.62) | 5.6 (0.75) | 9 | 1.3 (0.10) | 2.0 (0.31) | 3.0 (0.47) | 7 | - | - | |||
| Pesticide | Pesticide (log10 concentration) (µg/mL) | Number of colonies on C-N agar | Probit of percent lethality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher inoculation | Lower inoculation | |||
| Carbaryl | 0 | CG | 224 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 3.6 × 103 and 1.8 × 103 CFU/mL) | 40 (1.60) | CG | 201 (10.3) | 3.7354 |
| 80 (1.90) | CG | 172 (23.3) | 4.271 | |
| 120 (2.08) | 258 | 83 (63.0) | 5.3319 | |
| 160 (2.20) | 106 | 41 (81.7) | 5.904 | |
| 180 (2.26) | 19 | 7 (96.9) | 6.8663 | |
| 200 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Carbofuran | 0 | CG | 235 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 4.0 × 103 and 2.0 × 103 CFU/mL) | 1 000 (3.00) | CG | 220 (6.4) | 3.478 |
| 2 000 (3.30) | CG | 117 (50.3) | 5.0075 | |
| 3 000 (3.48) | CG | 85 (63.9) | 5.3558 | |
| 4 000 (3.60) | 102 | 51 (78.3) | 5.7824 | |
| 4 500 (3.65) | 56 | 35 (85.2) | 6.045 | |
| 5 000 (3.70) | 12 | 2 (99.2) | - | |
| 6 000 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Ziram | 0 | CG | 207 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 3.8 × 103 and 1.4 × 103 CFU/mL) | 0.10 (-1.00) | CG | 183 (11.6) | 3.8048 |
| 0.15 (-0.82) | CG | 91 (56.1) | 5.1535 | |
| 0.20 (-0.70) | 78 | 43 (79.3) | 5.8169 | |
| 0.30 (-0.52) | 47 | 21 (89.9) | 6.2759 | |
| 0.40 (-0.40) | 3 | 0 | - | |
| 0.5 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Zineb | 0 | CG | 221 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 3.2 × 103 and 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL) | 10 (1.00) | CG | 179 (19.1) | 4.1258 |
| 20 (1.30) | 167 | 92 (58.4) | 5.2121 | |
| 30 (1.47) | 62 | 26 (88.3) | 6.1901 | |
| 40 (1.60) | 34 | 12 (94.6) | - | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Mancozeb | 0 | CG | 243 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 4.1 × 103 and 2.0 × 103 CFU/mL) | 5 (0.70) | CG | 158 (35.0) | 4.6147 |
| 10 (1.00) | 214 | 93 (61.8) | 5.3002 | |
| 15 (1.18) | 105 | 63 (74.1) | 5.6464 | |
| 20 (1.30) | 23 | 17 (93.1) | 6.3469 | |
| 25 | 0 | 0 | - | |
Table 3 Colony-counts on C-N agar plates of Cylindrospermum sp. after contact of filaments with wet soil (soil-water interface) with individual pesticides.
| Pesticide | Pesticide (log10 concentration) (µg/mL) | Number of colonies on C-N agar | Probit of percent lethality | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher inoculation | Lower inoculation | |||
| Carbaryl | 0 | CG | 224 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 3.6 × 103 and 1.8 × 103 CFU/mL) | 40 (1.60) | CG | 201 (10.3) | 3.7354 |
| 80 (1.90) | CG | 172 (23.3) | 4.271 | |
| 120 (2.08) | 258 | 83 (63.0) | 5.3319 | |
| 160 (2.20) | 106 | 41 (81.7) | 5.904 | |
| 180 (2.26) | 19 | 7 (96.9) | 6.8663 | |
| 200 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Carbofuran | 0 | CG | 235 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 4.0 × 103 and 2.0 × 103 CFU/mL) | 1 000 (3.00) | CG | 220 (6.4) | 3.478 |
| 2 000 (3.30) | CG | 117 (50.3) | 5.0075 | |
| 3 000 (3.48) | CG | 85 (63.9) | 5.3558 | |
| 4 000 (3.60) | 102 | 51 (78.3) | 5.7824 | |
| 4 500 (3.65) | 56 | 35 (85.2) | 6.045 | |
| 5 000 (3.70) | 12 | 2 (99.2) | - | |
| 6 000 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Ziram | 0 | CG | 207 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 3.8 × 103 and 1.4 × 103 CFU/mL) | 0.10 (-1.00) | CG | 183 (11.6) | 3.8048 |
| 0.15 (-0.82) | CG | 91 (56.1) | 5.1535 | |
| 0.20 (-0.70) | 78 | 43 (79.3) | 5.8169 | |
| 0.30 (-0.52) | 47 | 21 (89.9) | 6.2759 | |
| 0.40 (-0.40) | 3 | 0 | - | |
| 0.5 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Zineb | 0 | CG | 221 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 3.2 × 103 and 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL) | 10 (1.00) | CG | 179 (19.1) | 4.1258 |
| 20 (1.30) | 167 | 92 (58.4) | 5.2121 | |
| 30 (1.47) | 62 | 26 (88.3) | 6.1901 | |
| 40 (1.60) | 34 | 12 (94.6) | - | |
| 50 | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Mancozeb | 0 | CG | 243 (0.0) | - |
| (inocula on filter paper: 4.1 × 103 and 2.0 × 103 CFU/mL) | 5 (0.70) | CG | 158 (35.0) | 4.6147 |
| 10 (1.00) | 214 | 93 (61.8) | 5.3002 | |
| 15 (1.18) | 105 | 63 (74.1) | 5.6464 | |
| 20 (1.30) | 23 | 17 (93.1) | 6.3469 | |
| 25 | 0 | 0 | - | |
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