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    1. Tagging of Brown Planthopper Resistance Genes in F2s of IR50 × Ptb33 of Rice by Using Bulked Segregant Analysis
    Venkateswarlu YADAVALLI1, 2, Gajendra P. NARWANE2, M. S. R. KRISHNA3, Nagarajan POTHI2, Bharathi MUTHUSAMY4
    RICE SCIENCE    2012, 19 (1): 70-74.  
    摘要13200)      PDF (219KB)(3831)    收藏
    Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l) is one of the most damaging pests causing hopper burn in rice, and thereby reducing the productivity and also the quality of the product. The effective management strategy to control this pest is the identification and transfer of desirable genes to local rice cultivars. The most important approach for developing resistant cultivars is the identification of markers, which can help in marker-assisted selection of more durable resistant genotype. The susceptible parent IR50 and the resistant parent Ptb33, and their F2 populations were used in bulked segregant analysis for identification of resistant genes with random amplified polymorphic DNA marker (RAPD) primers. The primers OPC7 and OPAG14 showed both dominant and susceptible specific banding pattern so called co-dominant markers. Moreover, OPC7697 and OPAG14680 showed resistant specific bands and thus being in coupling phase, whereas OPC7846 and OPAG14650 showed susceptible specific genotypic bands in bulked segregant analysis. Therefore, the coupling phase markers, OPC7697 and OPAG14680, are considered to be more useful in marker-assisted selection of rice genotypes in crop improvement.
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    3. Development and Identification of Introgression Lines from Cross of Oryza sativa and Oryza minuta
    GUO Si-bin1, 2, WEI Yu1, LI Xiao-qiong1, LIU Kai-qiang1, HUANG Feng-kuan2, 3, CHEN Cai-hong1, 2, GAO Guo-qing1, 2
    RICE SCIENCE    DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60111-0
    4. Identification and Genetic Mapping of a Lesion Mimic Mutant in Rice
    MA Jian-yang1, 2, CHEN Sun-lu2, 3, ZHANG Jian-hui1, 2, DONG Yan-jun1, TENG Sheng2
    RICE SCIENCE    2012, 19 (1): 1-7.  
    摘要9304)      PDF (422KB)(4338)    收藏
    A lesion mimic stripe mutant, designated as lms1 (lesion mimic stripe 1), was obtained from the M2 progeny of a 60Co γ-radiation treated japonica rice variety Jiahua 1. The lms1 mutant displayed propagation type lesions across the whole growth and developmental stages. Physiology and histochemistry analysis showed that the mutant exhibited a phenotype of white stripe when grown under high temperature (30 °C), and the lesion mimic caused by programmed cell death under low temperature (20 °C). The genetic analysis indicated that this lesion-mimic phenotype is controlled by a single locus recessive nuclear gene. Furthermore, by using simple sequence repeat markers and an F2 segregating population derived from two crosses of lms1 × 93-11 and lms1 × Pei’ai 64S, the lms1 gene was mapped between markers Indel1 and MM0112-4 with a physical distance of 400 kb on chromosome 6 in rice.
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    5. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Level on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics in Flag Leaf of Super Hybrid Rice at Late Growth Stage
    LONG Ji-rui, MA Guo-hui, WAN Yi-zheng, SONG Chun-fang, SUN Jian, QIN Rui-jun
    RICE SCIENCE    2013, 20 (3): 220-228.   DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60138-9
    摘要8935)      PDF (491KB)(6209)    收藏

    To compare the effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer at six different levels on the flag leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of super hybrid rice, a field fertilization experiment was conducted with super hybrid rice Y Liangyou 1 as a test material. The photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), effective quantum yield (EQY), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of flag leaves were measured at the initial heading, full heading, 10 d after full heading and 20 d after full heading stages. Results showed that the values of ETR, EQY and qP increased with rice development from initial heading to 20 d after full heading, whereas the NPQ decreased. During the measured stages, ETR, EQY and qP increased initially and then decreased as nitrogen application amount increased, but they peaked at different nitrogen fertilizer levels. The maximum ETR and EQY values appeared at the treatment of 135 kg/hm2 N. In conclusion, the optimum nitrogen amount for chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of super hybrid rice was 135?180 kg/hm2.

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    6. Relationship Between Heterosis and Parental Genetic Distance Based on Molecular Markers for Functional Genes Related to Yield Traits in Rice
    ZHANG Tao, NI Xian-lin, JIANG Kai-feng, DENG Hua-feng, HE Qing, YANG Qian-hua, YANG Li, WAN Xian-Qi, CAO Ying-jiang, ZHENG Jia-kui,
    RICE SCIENCE    2010, 17 (4): 288-295.   DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60029-9
    摘要8913)      PDF (5509KB)(4756)    收藏
    The genetic distances among 18 cytoplasmic male sterile lines and 11 restorer lines were analyzed with molecular markers derived from yield-related functional genes. The correlation between parental genetic distance and heterosis was investigated by analyzing the performance of 47 combinations. The results showed that the genetic distance was significantly correlated with yield heterosis (r=0.29*), but not significantly correlated with heterosis for other traits, such as number of effective panicles per plant, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, number of grains per panicle and theoretical yield. However, the correlation coefficient was so small that the parental genetic distance could not to be used to predict heterosis.
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    7. Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Pollen Fertility under High Temperature Stress at Flowering Stage in Rice (Oryza sativa)
    XIAO Ying-hui, PAN Yi, LUO Li-hua, DENG Hua-bing, ZHANG Gui-lian, TANG Wen-bang, CHEN Li-yun
    RICE SCIENCE   
    8. A Simplified Rice DNA Extraction Protocol for PCR Analysis
    CHEN Wen-yue , CUI Hai-rui , BAO Jin-song , ZHOU Xiang-sheng , SHU Qing-yao
    RICE SCIENCE    2006, 13 (1): 67-70.  
    摘要8861)      PDF (140KB)(9826)    收藏
    A simple protocol was established for DNA extraction using etiolated rice seedlings, whereby rice DNA was directly extracted in 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution in a single eppendorf tube. Results of comparative PCR analyses and electrophoresis showed that the DNA extracted using this method was as good and useful as that using standard CTAB method.
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    10. Use of Major Quantitative Trait Loci to Improve Grain Yield of Rice
    GUO Long-biao1, YE Guo-you2
    RICE SCIENCE    DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60174-2
    11. Prediction and Expression Analysis of miRNAs Associated with Heat Stress in Oryza sativa
    B SAILAJA, SR VOLETI, D SUBRAHMANYAM, N SARLA, VISHNU PRASANTH V, VP BHADANA,Satendra K. MANGRAUTHIA
    RICE SCIENCE    DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60164-X
    12. Transgene Flow from Glufosinate-Resistant Rice to Improved and Weedy Rice in China
    LU Yong-liang, Nilda R. BURGOS, WANG Wei-xia, YU Liu-qing
    RICE SCIENCE    DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60197-3
    13. Acclimation and Tolerance Strategies of Rice under Drought Stress
    Pandey Veena, Shukla Alok
    Rice Science    2015, 22 (4): 147-161.   DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(14)60289-4
    摘要8700)   HTML30337)    PDF (6494KB)(11563)    收藏

    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop and requires larger amount of water throughout its life cycle as compared to other crops. Hence, water related stress cause severe threat to rice production. Drought is a major challenge limiting rice production. It affects rice at morphological (reduced germination, plant height, plant biomass, number of tillers, various root and leaf traits), physiological (reduced photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosystem II activity, membrane stability, carbon isotope discrimination and abscisic acid content), biochemical (accumulation of osmoprotectant like proline, sugars, polyamines and antioxidants) and molecular (altered expression of genes which encode transcription factors and defence related proteins) levels and thereby affects its yield. To facilitate the selection or development of drought tolerant rice varieties, a thorough understanding of the various mechanisms that govern the yield of rice under water stress condition is a prerequisite. Thus, this review is focused mainly on recent information about the effects of drought on rice, rice responses as well as adaptation mechanisms to drought stress.

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    14. Boron Application Improves Growth, Yield and Net Economic Return of Rice
    Mubshar HUSSAIN1, M. Ayaz KHAN1, M. Bismillah KHAN1, Muhammad FAROOQ2, Shahid FAROOQ1
    RICE SCIENCE    2012, 19 (3): 259-262.  
    摘要8438)      PDF (187KB)(5748)    收藏
    A field trial was conducted to evaluate the role of boron (B) application at different growth stages in improving the growth, yield and net economic return of rice at farmer’s fields during summer season, 2009. Boron was soil applied (1.5 kg/hm2) at the transplanting, tillering, flowering and grain formation stages of rice; foliar applied (1.5% B solution) at the tillering, flowering and grain formation stages of rice, and dipped seedling roots in 1.5% B solution before transplanting; while control plots did not apply any B. Boron application (except dipping of seedling roots in B solution, which caused toxicity and reduced the number of tillers and straw yield than control) substantially improved the rice growth and yield. However, soil application was better in improving the number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, net economic income and ratio of benefit to cost compared with the rest of treatments. Overall, for improving rice performance and maximizing the net economic returns, B might be applied as soil application at flowering.
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    15. Rice Bran Oil Extraction by Screw Press Method: Optimum Operating Settings, Oil Extraction Level and Press Cake Appearance
    Supakit SAYASOONTHORN1, Sudsaisin KAEWRUENG1, Pannatorn PATHARASATHAPORNKUL
    RICE SCIENCE    2012, 19 (1): 75-78.  
    摘要8401)      PDF (421KB)(7358)    收藏
    The appearance of rice bran ‘cake’ or discharge from a screw press corresponds to the level of oil produced in the extraction process. The relationships between operating settings, oil extraction level and cake appearance were studied. Cake characteristics reliably indicate the expected oil recovery extraction level. These conclusions applyed to both Chainat 1 rice bran and parboiled rice bran. Variables were the speed of the screw press (set at five levels from 8.5 to 19.8 r/min) and corresponding clearance distances between the screw and barrel (set between 1.0 and 1.9 cm). Results showed that the maximum levels of extraction were 4.17% for the rice bran and 8.20% for the parboiled rice bran. At the maximum extraction level, the apparatus continuously discharged cake that were hard, crispy, flaky, shiny and polished on one side but dull and coarse on the other.
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    16. Effects of Plant Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Super Hybrid Rice
    LIN Xian-qing, ZHU De-feng, CHEN Hui-zhe, ZHANG Yu-ping
    RICE SCIENCE    2009, 16 (2): 138-142.   DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(08)60070-0
    摘要8310)      PDF    收藏
    The nitrogen uptake, yield and its components for two super-high-yielding hybrid rice combinations, Guodao 6 and Eryou 7954 were investigated under different plant densities (15, 18, and 21 plants/m2) and different nitrogen application rates (120, 150, 180, and 210 kg/hm2). The experiment was conducted on loam soil during 2004–2006 at the experimental farm of the China National Rice Research Institute in Hangzhou, China. In these years, the two hybrid rice clearly showed higher yield at a plant density of 15 plants/m2 with a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2. Guodao 6 produced an average grain yield of 10 215.6 kg/hm2 across the three years, while the yield of Eryou 7954 was 9 633.0 kg/hm2. With fewer plants per unit-area and larger plants in the plots, the two hybrid rice produced more panicles per plant in three years. The highest nitrogen uptake of the two hybrid rice was at a plant density of 15 plants/m2 with a nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2. Further increasing nitrogen application rate was not advantageous for nitrogen uptake in super-high-yielding rice under the same plant density.
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    17. Simulating Phenology, Growth and Yield of Transplanted Rice at Different Seedling Ages in Northern Iran Using ORYZA2000
    B. Amiri LARIJANI1, Z. T. SARVESTANI1, Gh. NEMATZADEH2, A. M. MANSCHADI3, E. AMIRI4
    RICE SCIENCE    2011, 18 (4): 321-334.  
    摘要8279)      PDF (635KB)(3957)    收藏
    Rice crop growth and yield in the north Iran are affected by crop duration and phenology. The purpose of this study was to calibrate and validate the ORYZA2000 model under potential production based on experimental data for simulating and quantifying the phenological development, crop duration and yield prediction of rice crop influenced by different seedling ages. In order to calibrate and validate the crop parameters of ORYZA2000 model, a two-year field experiment was conducted under potential growth condition for transplanted lowland rice during the 2008–2009 rice growing seasons, using three rice varieties with three seedling ages (17, 24 and 33 days old). The results showed that the seedling age changed crop duration from 7 to 10 d. The ORYZA2000 model could predict well, but consistently underestimated the length of growing period. The range in normalized root mean square error (RMSEn) values for each phenological stage was between 4% and 6%. From our evaluation, we concluded that ORYZA2000 was sufficiently accurate in simulation of yield, leaf area index (LAI) and biomass of crop organs over time. On average, RMSEn values were 13%?15% for total biomass, 18%?21% for green leaf biomass, 17%?20% for stem biomass, 16%?23% for panicle biomass and 24%?26% for LAI. The RMSEn values for final yield and biomass were 12%?16% and 6%?9%, respectively. Generally, the model simulated LAI, an exceeded measured value for younger seedlings, and best-fit was observed for older seedlings of short-duration varieties. The results revealed that the ORYZA2000 model can be applied as a supportive research tool for selecting the most appropriate strategies for rice yield improvement across the north Iran.
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    18. Comparative Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Structure in Rice Using ILP and SSR Markers
    HUANG Ming, XIE Fang-min, CHEN Li-yun, ZHAO Xiang-qian, L. JOJEE, D. MADONNA
    RICE SCIENCE    2010, 17 (4): 257-268.   DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60025-1
    摘要8245)      PDF (3826KB)(4092)    收藏
    Genetic diversity of 36 rice entries from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rice collection was assessed using 103 ILP (intron length polymorphism) and 54 SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. A total of 236 and 332 alleles were detected by the ILP and SSR markers, respectively. On average, the SSR markers produced higher polymorphism information content value and number of alleles than the ILP markers. Whereas the Nei’s genetic distance measured using the SSR markers was much higher than that measured using the ILP markers. Mantel’s test indicated that there was a statistically significant correlation (r=0.827, P<0.001) between the two marker systems. UPGMA clustering based on the ILP and SSR markers resulted in consensus dendrograms. The cophenetic correlation coefficient (r=0.918, 0.878 and 0.924, P<0.001 for the ILP, SSR and combined markers, respectively) showed a highly accurate dendrogram represented the genetic distance among these entries. The 36 entries were divided into four groups. Four African Oryza glaberrima accessions were clustered within a distinct group (I), and the remaining entries were separated into three groups (II, III and IV). All the entries could be also clustered into two main groups: One was composed of III and IV, considered as indica group, and the other was composed of I (O. glaberrima) and II (japonica-like). Model-based cluster analysis revealed that the japonica-like group maintained very pure ancestry while the indica group shared mixed ancestry, especially for group III, which had seven admixtures sharing from 19.5% to 30.0% of ancestry with group IV (based on SSR markers). It is suggested that ILP and SSR markers could be very useful for the genetic study and breeding in rice.
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    19. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Herbivores and Its Stimulation to Major
    Insect Pests in Rice
    LU Zhong-xian, YU Xiao-ping, Kong-luen HEONG , HU Cui
    RICE SCIENCE    2007, 14 (1): 56-66.  
    摘要8198)      PDF (71KB)(6898)    收藏
    Nitrogen is one of the most important factors in development of herbivore populations. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in plants can normally increase herbivore feeding preference, food consumption, survival, growth, reproduction, and population density, except few examples that nitrogen fertilizer reduces the herbivore performances. In most of the rice growing areas in Asia, the great increases in populations of major insect pests of rice, including planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera), leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), and stem borers (Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, S. innotata, C. polychrysus and Sesamia inferens) were closely related to the long-term excessive application
    of nitrogen fertilizers. The optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated paddy fields is proposed to improve the fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and reduce the environmental pollution.
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    20. Efficiencies of Chemical Techniques for Rice Grain Freshness Analysis
    Khongsak SRIKAEO, Uttaphon PANYA
    RICE SCIENCE    2013, 20 (4): 292-297.   DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60144-4
    摘要8176)      PDF (364KB)(6247)    收藏

    Two chemical methods which are commonly used for rice grain freshness determination were investigated for their efficiencies. Method 1 is made of bromothymol blue indicator, and the principle is based on indicator’s color which is changed in according to pH of the stored rice grains. Method 2 is based on peroxidase activity which deteriorates during storage of rice grains. Both methods were used for determination of fresh-aged rice index of six Thai-rice cultivars, four from non-waxy rice cultivars (KDML 105, Chai Nat 1, Chai Nat 2 and Phitsanulok 2) and two from waxy rice cultivars (San-pah-tawng and RD6). Rice samples were kept in the forms of paddy and polished rice. Fresh-aged rice indices were determined using both methods every two weeks over the storage period of 24 weeks (six months). It was found that both methods were capable of detecting fresh-aged rice indices. The color of chemical solutions changed with regards to the age of rice grains and it could be detected spectrophotometrically. Rice grains which have been kept as paddy provided more consistent results. Method 1 is recommended for industrial application as it is simple, efficient and inexpensive.

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