Impact of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Brown Planthopper and Tolerance of Its Host Rice Plants

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2016.04.001

摘要/Abstract

. [J]. Rice Science, 2016, 23(3): 119-131.

图/表 11

Fig. 1. Response of nutrient levels on nutrient contents of brown planthopper (BPH) and its host rice plants. Bar indicates the standard error (SE).

Table 1 Analysis of variance for biochemical compositions in rice plants and brown planthopper (BPH) affected by nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) subsidies (F values).

Source of variance	df	Nitrogen		Phosphorus		Potassium		Silicon	Total free sugar in rice	Soluble protein in rice
Source of variance	df	Rice	BPH	Rice	BPH	Rice	BPH	in rice	Total free sugar in rice	Soluble protein in rice
N	2	2166.51**	12.87**	2.45	0.16	0.11	0.01	2 486.75**	0.73	3 300.13**
P	2	2.58	2.04	544.36**	2.77	0.45	0.15	2.33	0.12	0.72
K	2	392.74**	2.8	2.08	0.5	440.21**	1.77	33.03**	573.66**	822.94**
N × P	4	2.05	0.25	2.44	0.19	0.2	0.7	0.87	0.29	0.17
N × K	4	53.12**	0.85	0.94	0.56	0.03	0.92	3.73**	0.61	15.65**
P × K	4	2.21	1.04	2.28	0.74	0.14	0.67	0.75	0.07	0.21
N × P × K	8	1.4	0.6	1.26	0.58	0.17	1.69	0.86	0.1	0.29
Error	81
CV (%)		2.65	3.22	4.18	4.45	2.92	1.75	5.33	1.98	2.48

Fig. 2. Response of nutrient levels on silicon (Si), total free sugar (TFS) and soluble protein (SP) contents in rice plants.Bar indicates the standard error (SE).

Fig. 3. Status of elemental contents in brown planthopper (BPH) and rice plants at different stages.Bar indicates the standard error (SE).

Table 2 Mean comparison results for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents between brown planthopper (BPH) and its host rice plants (t value).

Rice stage	df	N content	P content	K content
Mid tillering	26	150.32**	111.80**	80.90**
Panicle initiation	26	106.79**	134.16**	21.95**
Heading	26	163.32**	136.40**	162.92**
Maturity	26	163.72**	108.38**	1.94

Fig. 4. Feeding of brown planthopper (BPH) measured indirectly by honeydew excretion in different nutrient treated rice plants.Bar indicates the standard error (SE).

Fig. 5. Relative water content (RWC) and reduction of RWC due to brown planthopper (BPH) feeding after 5 d in different nutrient treated rice plants after release of BPH.Bar indicates the standard error (SE).

Table 3 Analysis of variance for honeydew secretion, changes in relative water content (RWC) and complete damage duration of rice plants feeding brown planthopper (BPH) as affected by nitrogen (N), phosphourus (P) and potassium (K) subsidies (F value).

Source of variation	df	Honeydew secretion	RWC of BPH	RWC at 5 d after	Reduction of RWC	9th grade plant damage duration
Source of variation	df	Honeydew secretion	free plants	infestation by BPH	Reduction of RWC	9th grade plant damage duration
N	2	601.80**	274.53**	1 338.95**	1 385.84**	242.70**
P	2	0.04	9.36**	0.55	0.56	0.66
K	2	2.74	37.75**	17.56**	16.46**	19.70**
N × P	4	0.08	0.82	0.18	0.17	0.69
N × K	4	0.14	4.55**	11.48**	10.41**	2.62*
P × K	4	0.06	0.72	1.45	1.44	1.43
N × P × K	8	0.08	1.24	1.46	1.39	1.01
Error	81
CV (%)		4.78	0.78	###########	2.43	8.54

Fig. 6. Dynamics of damage grade of rice plants by brown planthopper (BPH) as affected by different levels of nutrient application.Bar indicates the standard error (SE).

Fig. 7. Relationship between brown planthopper (BPH) feeding and different nutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), silicon (Si), total free sugar and soluble proteins contents in rice plants.

Fig. 8. Relationships between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), silicon (Si), total free sugar and soluble protein contents in rice plants and its 9th grade damage by brown planthopper (BPH).

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