Rice Science ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 402-408.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.05.010
收稿日期:
2020-05-01
接受日期:
2020-06-23
出版日期:
2021-07-28
发布日期:
2021-07-28
. [J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(4): 402-408.
Fig. 1. Boxplot comparison of total arsenic (As, A) and inorganic arsenic (iAs, B) contents in PR (polished rice grains), UR (unpolished rice grains), PPR (parboiled polished rice grains) and PUR (parboiled unpolished rice grains).
Rice type | Number | Total As (μg/kg) | Inorganic As (μg/kg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |||
PR | 53 | 108 | 33 | 55 | 219 | 70 | 19 | 40 | 117 | |
UR | 53 | 159 | 46 | 83 | 328 | 113 | 30 | 60 | 191 | |
PPR | 53 | 145 | 42 | 85 | 296 | 108 | 29 | 60 | 214 | |
PUR | 53 | 145 | 44 | 78 | 286 | 110 | 27 | 61 | 184 |
Table S1. Contents of total arsenic (As) and inorganic As in rice grains by different treatments.
Rice type | Number | Total As (μg/kg) | Inorganic As (μg/kg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |||
PR | 53 | 108 | 33 | 55 | 219 | 70 | 19 | 40 | 117 | |
UR | 53 | 159 | 46 | 83 | 328 | 113 | 30 | 60 | 191 | |
PPR | 53 | 145 | 42 | 85 | 296 | 108 | 29 | 60 | 214 | |
PUR | 53 | 145 | 44 | 78 | 286 | 110 | 27 | 61 | 184 |
ice type | Number (n) | As3+ | DMA5+ | MMA5+ | As5+ | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |||||
PR | 53 | 69 | 18 | 40 | 116 | 29 | 16 | 8 | 90 | < 3 | < 3 | 4 | < 3 | < 3 | 7 | |||||
UR | 53 | 104 | 26 | 55 | 165 | 31 | 16 | 8 | 90 | < 3 | < 3 | 8 | 10 | 5 | < 3 | 26 | ||||
PPR | 53 | 95 | 25 | 54 | 180 | 28 | 15 | 11 | 91 | < 3 | < 3 | 5 | 14 | 6 | < 3 | 34 | ||||
PUR | 53 | 90 | 21 | 61 | 145 | 28 | 14 | 12 | 74 | < 3 | < 3 | 6 | 20 | 7 | < 3 | 46 |
Table 1 Contents of arsenic (As) species in rice grains with mean, standard deviation (SD), minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) divided by different treatments. μg/kg
ice type | Number (n) | As3+ | DMA5+ | MMA5+ | As5+ | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |||||
PR | 53 | 69 | 18 | 40 | 116 | 29 | 16 | 8 | 90 | < 3 | < 3 | 4 | < 3 | < 3 | 7 | |||||
UR | 53 | 104 | 26 | 55 | 165 | 31 | 16 | 8 | 90 | < 3 | < 3 | 8 | 10 | 5 | < 3 | 26 | ||||
PPR | 53 | 95 | 25 | 54 | 180 | 28 | 15 | 11 | 91 | < 3 | < 3 | 5 | 14 | 6 | < 3 | 34 | ||||
PUR | 53 | 90 | 21 | 61 | 145 | 28 | 14 | 12 | 74 | < 3 | < 3 | 6 | 20 | 7 | < 3 | 46 |
Fig. 2. Sections of unpolished (UR) and polished (PR) rice grains achieved for LA-ICP-MS (Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). Different colours represents the counts per second (CPS) divided into classes of 75As/13C intensity ratio (×10-4).
Parameter | Rice bran (μg/kg) | Parboiled rice bran (μg/kg) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Total As | 646 ± 198 | 214 ± 78 | < 0.001 |
Inorganic As (iAs) | 503 ± 155 | 155 ± 58 | < 0.001 |
Percentage of iAs (%) | 78 ± 4 | 72 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
As3+ | 413 ± 113 | 70 ± 32 | < 0.001 |
As5+ | 91 ± 44 | 85 ± 37 | 0.4064 |
Organic As | 57 ± 22 | 28 ± 15 | < 0.001 |
DMA5+ | 42 ± 18 | 24 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
MMA5+ | 16 ± 5 | 4 ± 2 | < 0.001 |
Table 2 Content of arsenic (As) species in untreated rice bran and parboiled rice bran.
Parameter | Rice bran (μg/kg) | Parboiled rice bran (μg/kg) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Total As | 646 ± 198 | 214 ± 78 | < 0.001 |
Inorganic As (iAs) | 503 ± 155 | 155 ± 58 | < 0.001 |
Percentage of iAs (%) | 78 ± 4 | 72 ± 5 | < 0.001 |
As3+ | 413 ± 113 | 70 ± 32 | < 0.001 |
As5+ | 91 ± 44 | 85 ± 37 | 0.4064 |
Organic As | 57 ± 22 | 28 ± 15 | < 0.001 |
DMA5+ | 42 ± 18 | 24 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
MMA5+ | 16 ± 5 | 4 ± 2 | < 0.001 |
Fig. S2. Rice sections of parboiled unpolished (PUR) and parboiled polished (PPR) rice achieved by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Different colours represents the counts per second (CPS) divided into classes of 75As/13C intensity ratio (×10-4).
Fig. 3. Comparison of distribution of arsenic (As) species between different rice processes divided by two rice categories, Long A and Long B.Long A and Long B are established by the Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013. PR, Polished rice grains; PPR, Parboiled polished rice grains; UR, Unpolished rice grains; PUR, Parboiled unpolished rice grains. Means followed by the same lowercase letter were not significantly different at P < 0.05 according to the Tukey’s test.
Regulation (EU) No. 1308/2013 | Rice type | Number | Total As (μg/kg) | Inorganic As (μg/kg) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long A | PR | 32 | 115 ± 36 cd | 73 ± 21 a | |
PPR | 32 | 154 ± 44 ab | 113 ± 33 b | ||
UR | 32 | 170 ± 52 a | 120 ± 33 b | ||
PUR | 32 | 154 ± 47 ab | 114 ± 30 b | ||
Long B | PR | 21 | 98 ± 24 d | 67 ± 14 a | |
PPR | 21 | 131 ± 34 ac | 101 ± 21 b | ||
UR | 21 | 142 ± 30 ab | 103 ± 22 b | ||
PUR | 21 | 131 ± 34 bc | 103 ± 21 b |
Table S2. Total and inorganic arsenic (As) distribution in rice grains divided by European classification and treatments.
Regulation (EU) No. 1308/2013 | Rice type | Number | Total As (μg/kg) | Inorganic As (μg/kg) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long A | PR | 32 | 115 ± 36 cd | 73 ± 21 a | |
PPR | 32 | 154 ± 44 ab | 113 ± 33 b | ||
UR | 32 | 170 ± 52 a | 120 ± 33 b | ||
PUR | 32 | 154 ± 47 ab | 114 ± 30 b | ||
Long B | PR | 21 | 98 ± 24 d | 67 ± 14 a | |
PPR | 21 | 131 ± 34 ac | 101 ± 21 b | ||
UR | 21 | 142 ± 30 ab | 103 ± 22 b | ||
PUR | 21 | 131 ± 34 bc | 103 ± 21 b |
Parameter | Operating condition | |
---|---|---|
HPLC parameter | ||
Anion exchange column: | Hamilton, PRP-X100, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size | |
Mobile phase | 1)13.2 mmol/L NH4H2PO4 at pH 6 | |
Injection volume | 30 μL | |
Flow rate | 1 mL/min | |
Column temperature | Room temperature | |
Acquisition Time | 13 min | |
ICP-MS parameter | ||
RF power | 1550 W | |
RF Matching | 1.70 V | |
Plasma gas Carrier gas | Ar 15 L/min Ar 1.10 L/min | |
Dilution mode | ON | |
Dilution gas | Ar 0.1 L/min | |
Sampling depth | 8 mm | |
S/C temperature | - 1 ºC | |
Isotope monitored | 35Cl, 72Ge, 75As | |
Integration time/Mass | 0.6 s |
Table S3. Instrumental operating condition for high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) system.
Parameter | Operating condition | |
---|---|---|
HPLC parameter | ||
Anion exchange column: | Hamilton, PRP-X100, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size | |
Mobile phase | 1)13.2 mmol/L NH4H2PO4 at pH 6 | |
Injection volume | 30 μL | |
Flow rate | 1 mL/min | |
Column temperature | Room temperature | |
Acquisition Time | 13 min | |
ICP-MS parameter | ||
RF power | 1550 W | |
RF Matching | 1.70 V | |
Plasma gas Carrier gas | Ar 15 L/min Ar 1.10 L/min | |
Dilution mode | ON | |
Dilution gas | Ar 0.1 L/min | |
Sampling depth | 8 mm | |
S/C temperature | - 1 ºC | |
Isotope monitored | 35Cl, 72Ge, 75As | |
Integration time/Mass | 0.6 s |
Parameter | Condition |
---|---|
LA parameter | |
Laser warm-up time (s) | 40 |
Laser output (%) | 60 |
Repetition rate (Hz) | 10 |
Spot size (μm) | 100 |
Energy delivered (%) | 100 |
Fluence (J/cm2) | 7.2 |
ICP-MS parameter | |
RF power (kW) | 1.45 |
Lens voltage (V) | 5.5 |
Plasma gas (Ar L/min) | 15 |
Carrier gas (Ar L/min) | 0.5 |
Auxiliary gas (Ar L/min) | 1.2 |
Dwell time (ms) | 100 |
Isotopes monitored (m/z) | 75As, 13C |
Table S4. Operational parameters for inductively coupled plasma-mass (ICP-MS) and laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS determinations.
Parameter | Condition |
---|---|
LA parameter | |
Laser warm-up time (s) | 40 |
Laser output (%) | 60 |
Repetition rate (Hz) | 10 |
Spot size (μm) | 100 |
Energy delivered (%) | 100 |
Fluence (J/cm2) | 7.2 |
ICP-MS parameter | |
RF power (kW) | 1.45 |
Lens voltage (V) | 5.5 |
Plasma gas (Ar L/min) | 15 |
Carrier gas (Ar L/min) | 0.5 |
Auxiliary gas (Ar L/min) | 1.2 |
Dwell time (ms) | 100 |
Isotopes monitored (m/z) | 75As, 13C |
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