Rice Science ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 409-416.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.05.011
• • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2020-05-29
接受日期:
2020-09-14
出版日期:
2021-07-28
发布日期:
2021-07-28
. [J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(4): 409-416.
Fig. 2. Diurnal changes of soil temperature by field water management after heading.Measurement date of the soil temperature: Aso City is 10 d after heading, and Itoshima City is 20 d after heading.
Location (Year) | Water management | Bleeding rate of hills (mg/panicle) | Decrease (mg/panicle) a | |
---|---|---|---|---|
20 d after heading | 36 d after heading | |||
Itoshima City (2016) | Flooded irrigation | 179 b | 151 b | 28 b |
Saturated irrigation | 141 a | 126 a | 15 a | |
Heading | 20 d after heading | |||
Aso City (2015) | Flooded irrigation | 351 b | 166 a | 185 b |
Intermittent irrigation | 302 ab | 158 a | 144 ab | |
Saturated irrigation | 277 a | 214 b | 63 a |
Table 1 Bleeding rate of hills according to water management.
Location (Year) | Water management | Bleeding rate of hills (mg/panicle) | Decrease (mg/panicle) a | |
---|---|---|---|---|
20 d after heading | 36 d after heading | |||
Itoshima City (2016) | Flooded irrigation | 179 b | 151 b | 28 b |
Saturated irrigation | 141 a | 126 a | 15 a | |
Heading | 20 d after heading | |||
Aso City (2015) | Flooded irrigation | 351 b | 166 a | 185 b |
Intermittent irrigation | 302 ab | 158 a | 144 ab | |
Saturated irrigation | 277 a | 214 b | 63 a |
Fig. 3. Grain yield under different water managements during ripening period. The numerical values on the vertical bar indicate yield rate with the flooded irrigation as 100. Means with the same lowercase letters are not significantly different at 5% level according to the Tukey-Kramer. Values are Mean ± SD (n = 3).
Location | Year | Water management | No. of spikelets per m2 (× 100) | Percentage of ripened grains (%) | 1000-grain weight (g) | Grain length (mm) | Grain width (mm) | Percentage of perfect grains (%) | Protein content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Itoshima | 2016 | Flooded irrigation | 380 a | 57.9 a | 21.0 a | 5.31 a | 2.84 a | 57.6 a | 8.0 b |
Saturated irrigation | 374 a | 65.6 b | 21.2 a | 5.30 a | 2.90 a | 65.0 b | 7.5 a | ||
Aso | 2015 | Flooded irrigation | 238 a | 56.9 a | 21.4 a | 5.10 a | 3.07 a | 63.2 a | 7.8 b |
Intermittent irrigation | 228 a | 64.1 ab | 21.6 a | 5.07 a | 3.01 a | 67.2 a | 7.3 b | ||
Saturated irrigation | 226 a | 70.4 b | 22.0 a | 5.13 a | 3.01 a | 67.9 b | 6.8 a | ||
2016 | Flooded irrigation | 291 a | 87.8 a | 22.4 a | 5.11 ab | 2.98 a | 63.0 a | 6.6 a | |
Intermittent irrigation | 309 a | 87.4 a | 22.4 a | 5.02 a | 2.98 a | 70.2 b | 6.4 ab | ||
Saturated irrigation | 317 a | 89.0 a | 22.7 a | 5.13 b | 3.09 a | 81.1 c | 6.2 b |
Table 2 Yield component and grain quality of brown rice according to water management.
Location | Year | Water management | No. of spikelets per m2 (× 100) | Percentage of ripened grains (%) | 1000-grain weight (g) | Grain length (mm) | Grain width (mm) | Percentage of perfect grains (%) | Protein content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Itoshima | 2016 | Flooded irrigation | 380 a | 57.9 a | 21.0 a | 5.31 a | 2.84 a | 57.6 a | 8.0 b |
Saturated irrigation | 374 a | 65.6 b | 21.2 a | 5.30 a | 2.90 a | 65.0 b | 7.5 a | ||
Aso | 2015 | Flooded irrigation | 238 a | 56.9 a | 21.4 a | 5.10 a | 3.07 a | 63.2 a | 7.8 b |
Intermittent irrigation | 228 a | 64.1 ab | 21.6 a | 5.07 a | 3.01 a | 67.2 a | 7.3 b | ||
Saturated irrigation | 226 a | 70.4 b | 22.0 a | 5.13 a | 3.01 a | 67.9 b | 6.8 a | ||
2016 | Flooded irrigation | 291 a | 87.8 a | 22.4 a | 5.11 ab | 2.98 a | 63.0 a | 6.6 a | |
Intermittent irrigation | 309 a | 87.4 a | 22.4 a | 5.02 a | 2.98 a | 70.2 b | 6.4 ab | ||
Saturated irrigation | 317 a | 89.0 a | 22.7 a | 5.13 b | 3.09 a | 81.1 c | 6.2 b |
Fig. 4. Grain thickness of brown rice under different water managements during ripening period. Means with the same lowercase letters are not significantly different at 5% level according to the Tukey-Kramer. Values are Mean ± SD (n = 3).
Location | Year | Water management | Overall eating-quality | Appearance | Taste | Aroma | Stickiness | Hardness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Itoshima | 2016 | Flooded irrigation | 0.07 a | 0.13 a | -0.07 a | 0.00 a | -0.13 a | 0.33 a |
Saturated irrigation | 0.13 a | 0.20 a | -0.07 a | 0.07 a | -0.07 a | 0.33 a | ||
Aso | 2015 | Flooded irrigation | -0.13 a | -0.23 a | -0.12 a | -0.08 a | -0.16 a | 0.58 b |
Intermittent irrigation | -0.08 ab | -0.04 a | -0.15 a | 0.00 a | 0.08 ab | 0.23 a | ||
Saturated irrigation | 0.20 b | 0.08 a | 0.08 a | 0.12 b | 0.20 b | 0.08 a | ||
2016 | Flooded irrigation | -0.29 b | -0.29 b | 0.00 a | -0.29 a | -0.07 a | -0.35 b | |
Intermittent irrigation | -0.07 ab | -0.07 a | 0.00 a | -0.21 a | -0.21 a | 0.43 a | ||
Saturated irrigation | 0.14 a | 0.14 a | 0.07 a | -0.14 a | -0.14 a | 0.29 a |
Table 3 Palatability values of cooked rice according to water management.
Location | Year | Water management | Overall eating-quality | Appearance | Taste | Aroma | Stickiness | Hardness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Itoshima | 2016 | Flooded irrigation | 0.07 a | 0.13 a | -0.07 a | 0.00 a | -0.13 a | 0.33 a |
Saturated irrigation | 0.13 a | 0.20 a | -0.07 a | 0.07 a | -0.07 a | 0.33 a | ||
Aso | 2015 | Flooded irrigation | -0.13 a | -0.23 a | -0.12 a | -0.08 a | -0.16 a | 0.58 b |
Intermittent irrigation | -0.08 ab | -0.04 a | -0.15 a | 0.00 a | 0.08 ab | 0.23 a | ||
Saturated irrigation | 0.20 b | 0.08 a | 0.08 a | 0.12 b | 0.20 b | 0.08 a | ||
2016 | Flooded irrigation | -0.29 b | -0.29 b | 0.00 a | -0.29 a | -0.07 a | -0.35 b | |
Intermittent irrigation | -0.07 ab | -0.07 a | 0.00 a | -0.21 a | -0.21 a | 0.43 a | ||
Saturated irrigation | 0.14 a | 0.14 a | 0.07 a | -0.14 a | -0.14 a | 0.29 a |
Management | Aso in 2015 | Aso in 2016 | Itoshima in 2016 |
---|---|---|---|
Cultivar | Koshihikari | Koshihikari | Hinohikari |
Planting density (hills/m2) | 11.1 | 11.9 | 18.5 |
Transplanting date (Month-Day) 05-15 | 05-20 | 06-24 | |
Heading date (Month-Day) | 08-10 | 08-06 | 08-27 |
Cow compost (kg/m2) | 1.7 | 1.7 | ‒ |
Soil texture | Clay loam | Clay loam | Sandy loam |
Amount of nitrogen fertilizer (g/m2) | |||
Basal dressing | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
First panicle manuring | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
Second panicle manuring | ‒ | ‒ | 1.8 |
Additional manure | ‒ | ‒ | 2.1 |
Table 4 Cultivation management.
Management | Aso in 2015 | Aso in 2016 | Itoshima in 2016 |
---|---|---|---|
Cultivar | Koshihikari | Koshihikari | Hinohikari |
Planting density (hills/m2) | 11.1 | 11.9 | 18.5 |
Transplanting date (Month-Day) 05-15 | 05-20 | 06-24 | |
Heading date (Month-Day) | 08-10 | 08-06 | 08-27 |
Cow compost (kg/m2) | 1.7 | 1.7 | ‒ |
Soil texture | Clay loam | Clay loam | Sandy loam |
Amount of nitrogen fertilizer (g/m2) | |||
Basal dressing | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
First panicle manuring | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
Second panicle manuring | ‒ | ‒ | 1.8 |
Additional manure | ‒ | ‒ | 2.1 |
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