Rice Science ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 113-128.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2025.10.004
收稿日期:2025-06-27
接受日期:2025-09-01
出版日期:2026-01-28
发布日期:2026-02-03
. [J]. Rice Science, 2026, 33(1): 113-128.
| Year | Variety | Treatment | No. of panicles per hm2 (×104) | Total spikelet number per m2 | Seed-setting rate (%) | 1000-grain weight (g) | Yield (t/hm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 286.11 ± 3.54 d | 52 321.5 ± 864.6 c | 84.87 ± 0.73 a | 24.50 ± 0.20 a | 10.73 ± 0.09 c |
| D2 | 305.55 ± 2.97 c | 55 633.4 ± 355.2 b | 84.70 ± 1.01 a | 24.44 ± 0.29 a | 11.36 ± 0.13 b | ||
| D3 | 322.22 ± 6.00 b | 58 193.5 ± 791.1 a | 84.11 ± 0.09 a | 24.33 ± 0.31 a | 11.68 ± 0.12 a | ||
| D4 | 334.44 ± 6.85 a | 59 666.2 ± 697.9 a | 83.82 ± 0.93 a | 24.17 ± 0.15 a | 11.91 ± 0.06 a | ||
| Mean | 312.08 | 56 453.6 | 84.37 | 24.36 | 11.42 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 281.95 ± 2.60 d | 48 225.5 ± 411.3 d | 88.39 ± 0.52 a | 27.91 ± 0.11 a | 11.72 ± 0.04 c | |
| D2 | 296.83 ± 2.97 c | 50 144.7 ± 309.6 c | 88.13 ± 0.24 a | 27.84 ± 0.08 a | 12.20 ± 0.06 b | ||
| D3 | 318.52 ± 3.46 b | 52 748.0 ± 238.0 b | 87.67 ± 0.28 a | 27.76 ± 0.17 a | 12.58 ± 0.18 a | ||
| D4 | 332.22 ± 5.66 a | 54 099.7 ± 498.9 a | 87.36 ± 0.58 a | 27.63 ± 0.26 a | 12.76 ± 0.09 a | ||
| Mean | 307.38 | 51 304.5 | 87.89 | 27.79 | 12.31 | ||
| 2024 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 301.39 ± 2.60 d | 52 931.9 ± 442.5 d | 84.74 ± 0.35 a | 24.32 ± 0.02 a | 10.62 ± 0.01 d |
| D2 | 317.46 ± 2.97 c | 55 003.9 ± 542.1 c | 84.61 ± 0.20 a | 24.25 ± 0.04 b | 11.07 ± 0.02 c | ||
| D3 | 335.19 ± 3.46 b | 57 330.3 ± 586.1 b | 84.23 ± 0.21 a | 24.20 ± 0.03 bc | 11.44 ± 0.04 b | ||
| D4 | 355.56 ± 4.16 a | 59 580.6 ± 1 251.1 a | 83.66 ± 1.19 a | 24.15 ± 0.03 c | 11.70 ± 0.09 a | ||
| Mean | 327.40 | 56 211.7 | 84.31 | 24.23 | 11.21 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 283.33 ± 1.70 d | 46 997.6 ± 207.7 d | 87.62 ± 0.31 a | 27.71 ± 0.02 a | 11.23 ± 0.09 d | |
| D2 | 300.00 ± 1.94 c | 48 918.2 ± 226.6 c | 87.44 ± 0.20 a | 27.67 ± 0.01 ab | 11.71 ± 0.06 c | ||
| D3 | 321.30 ± 4.72 b | 51 559.4 ± 757.8 b | 87.17 ± 0.17 a | 27.64 ± 0.02 b | 12.21 ± 0.08 b | ||
| D4 | 341.11 ± 6.85 a | 54 048.7 ± 1 132.4 a | 86.53 ± 0.17 b | 27.59 ± 0.03 c | 12.62 ± 0.04 a | ||
| Mean | 311.44 | 50 381.0 | 87.19 | 27.65 | 11.94 | ||
| Year (Y) | ** | NS | NS | NS | ** | ||
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
| Treatment (T) | ** | ** | ** | NS | ** | ||
| Y × V | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
Table 1. Effects of planting density on yield and yield components of japonica rice.
| Year | Variety | Treatment | No. of panicles per hm2 (×104) | Total spikelet number per m2 | Seed-setting rate (%) | 1000-grain weight (g) | Yield (t/hm2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 286.11 ± 3.54 d | 52 321.5 ± 864.6 c | 84.87 ± 0.73 a | 24.50 ± 0.20 a | 10.73 ± 0.09 c |
| D2 | 305.55 ± 2.97 c | 55 633.4 ± 355.2 b | 84.70 ± 1.01 a | 24.44 ± 0.29 a | 11.36 ± 0.13 b | ||
| D3 | 322.22 ± 6.00 b | 58 193.5 ± 791.1 a | 84.11 ± 0.09 a | 24.33 ± 0.31 a | 11.68 ± 0.12 a | ||
| D4 | 334.44 ± 6.85 a | 59 666.2 ± 697.9 a | 83.82 ± 0.93 a | 24.17 ± 0.15 a | 11.91 ± 0.06 a | ||
| Mean | 312.08 | 56 453.6 | 84.37 | 24.36 | 11.42 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 281.95 ± 2.60 d | 48 225.5 ± 411.3 d | 88.39 ± 0.52 a | 27.91 ± 0.11 a | 11.72 ± 0.04 c | |
| D2 | 296.83 ± 2.97 c | 50 144.7 ± 309.6 c | 88.13 ± 0.24 a | 27.84 ± 0.08 a | 12.20 ± 0.06 b | ||
| D3 | 318.52 ± 3.46 b | 52 748.0 ± 238.0 b | 87.67 ± 0.28 a | 27.76 ± 0.17 a | 12.58 ± 0.18 a | ||
| D4 | 332.22 ± 5.66 a | 54 099.7 ± 498.9 a | 87.36 ± 0.58 a | 27.63 ± 0.26 a | 12.76 ± 0.09 a | ||
| Mean | 307.38 | 51 304.5 | 87.89 | 27.79 | 12.31 | ||
| 2024 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 301.39 ± 2.60 d | 52 931.9 ± 442.5 d | 84.74 ± 0.35 a | 24.32 ± 0.02 a | 10.62 ± 0.01 d |
| D2 | 317.46 ± 2.97 c | 55 003.9 ± 542.1 c | 84.61 ± 0.20 a | 24.25 ± 0.04 b | 11.07 ± 0.02 c | ||
| D3 | 335.19 ± 3.46 b | 57 330.3 ± 586.1 b | 84.23 ± 0.21 a | 24.20 ± 0.03 bc | 11.44 ± 0.04 b | ||
| D4 | 355.56 ± 4.16 a | 59 580.6 ± 1 251.1 a | 83.66 ± 1.19 a | 24.15 ± 0.03 c | 11.70 ± 0.09 a | ||
| Mean | 327.40 | 56 211.7 | 84.31 | 24.23 | 11.21 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 283.33 ± 1.70 d | 46 997.6 ± 207.7 d | 87.62 ± 0.31 a | 27.71 ± 0.02 a | 11.23 ± 0.09 d | |
| D2 | 300.00 ± 1.94 c | 48 918.2 ± 226.6 c | 87.44 ± 0.20 a | 27.67 ± 0.01 ab | 11.71 ± 0.06 c | ||
| D3 | 321.30 ± 4.72 b | 51 559.4 ± 757.8 b | 87.17 ± 0.17 a | 27.64 ± 0.02 b | 12.21 ± 0.08 b | ||
| D4 | 341.11 ± 6.85 a | 54 048.7 ± 1 132.4 a | 86.53 ± 0.17 b | 27.59 ± 0.03 c | 12.62 ± 0.04 a | ||
| Mean | 311.44 | 50 381.0 | 87.19 | 27.65 | 11.94 | ||
| Year (Y) | ** | NS | NS | NS | ** | ||
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
| Treatment (T) | ** | ** | ** | NS | ** | ||
| Y × V | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Year | Variety | Treatment | Dry matter (t/hm2) | Harvest index (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jointing stage | Heading stage | Maturity stage | ||||
| 2023 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 4.32 ± 0.03 b | 13.64 ± 0.18 c | 20.92 ± 0.10 d | 50.94 ± 0.69 a |
| D2 | 4.67 ± 0.07 ab | 14.35 ± 0.18 b | 22.20 ± 0.32 c | 50.79 ± 0.20 a | ||
| D3 | 4.90 ± 0.03 a | 14.76 ± 0.29 ab | 22.99 ± 0.32 b | 50.46 ± 1.20 a | ||
| D4 | 5.09 ± 0.37 a | 15.15 ± 0.25 a | 23.64 ± 0.04 a | 49.91 ± 0.18 a | ||
| Mean | 4.74 | 14.48 | 22.44 | 50.53 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 4.79 ± 0.04 d | 14.30 ± 0.12 d | 22.32 ± 0.26 c | 52.52 ± 0.41 a | |
| D2 | 5.21 ± 0.10 c | 14.80 ± 0.33 c | 23.32 ± 0.30 b | 52.34 ± 0.60 a | ||
| D3 | 5.56 ± 0.06 b | 15.29 ± 0.18 b | 24.26 ± 0.23 a | 51.85 ± 0.51 a | ||
| D4 | 5.80 ± 0.13 a | 15.87 ± 0.15 a | 24.88 ± 0.29 a | 51.29 ± 0.97 a | ||
| Mean | 5.34 | 15.07 | 23.69 | 52.00 | ||
| 2024 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 4.17 ± 0.05 c | 13.69 ± 0.14 c | 20.85 ± 0.11 d | 50.94 ± 0.25 a |
| D2 | 4.44 ± 0.06 bc | 14.14 ± 0.06 b | 21.86 ± 0.13 c | 50.63 ± 0.23 a | ||
| D3 | 4.67 ± 0.06 ab | 14.46 ± 0.13 a | 22.62 ± 0.28 b | 50.57 ± 0.47 a | ||
| D4 | 4.81 ± 0.24 a | 14.69 ± 0.11 a | 23.18 ± 0.14 a | 50.45 ± 0.23 a | ||
| Mean | 4.52 | 14.24 | 22.13 | 50.65 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 4.52 ± 0.10 d | 13.90 ± 0.15 d | 21.54 ± 0.16 d | 52.11 ± 0.51 a | |
| D2 | 4.97 ± 0.07 c | 14.49 ± 0.05 c | 22.65 ± 0.19 c | 51.71 ± 0.16 a | ||
| D3 | 5.30 ± 0.09 b | 15.00 ± 0.17 b | 23.76 ± 0.23 b | 51.39 ± 0.41 ab | ||
| D4 | 5.61 ± 0.11 a | 15.63 ± 0.12 a | 24.88 ± 0.20 a | 50.72 ± 0.37 b | ||
| Mean | 5.10 | 14.75 | 23.21 | 51.48 | ||
| Year (Y) | ** | ** | ** | NS | ||
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
| Treatment (T) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
| Y × V | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
Table 2. Effects of planting density on dry matter accumulation and harvest index of japonica rice.
| Year | Variety | Treatment | Dry matter (t/hm2) | Harvest index (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jointing stage | Heading stage | Maturity stage | ||||
| 2023 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 4.32 ± 0.03 b | 13.64 ± 0.18 c | 20.92 ± 0.10 d | 50.94 ± 0.69 a |
| D2 | 4.67 ± 0.07 ab | 14.35 ± 0.18 b | 22.20 ± 0.32 c | 50.79 ± 0.20 a | ||
| D3 | 4.90 ± 0.03 a | 14.76 ± 0.29 ab | 22.99 ± 0.32 b | 50.46 ± 1.20 a | ||
| D4 | 5.09 ± 0.37 a | 15.15 ± 0.25 a | 23.64 ± 0.04 a | 49.91 ± 0.18 a | ||
| Mean | 4.74 | 14.48 | 22.44 | 50.53 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 4.79 ± 0.04 d | 14.30 ± 0.12 d | 22.32 ± 0.26 c | 52.52 ± 0.41 a | |
| D2 | 5.21 ± 0.10 c | 14.80 ± 0.33 c | 23.32 ± 0.30 b | 52.34 ± 0.60 a | ||
| D3 | 5.56 ± 0.06 b | 15.29 ± 0.18 b | 24.26 ± 0.23 a | 51.85 ± 0.51 a | ||
| D4 | 5.80 ± 0.13 a | 15.87 ± 0.15 a | 24.88 ± 0.29 a | 51.29 ± 0.97 a | ||
| Mean | 5.34 | 15.07 | 23.69 | 52.00 | ||
| 2024 | Ningxiangjing 9 | D1 | 4.17 ± 0.05 c | 13.69 ± 0.14 c | 20.85 ± 0.11 d | 50.94 ± 0.25 a |
| D2 | 4.44 ± 0.06 bc | 14.14 ± 0.06 b | 21.86 ± 0.13 c | 50.63 ± 0.23 a | ||
| D3 | 4.67 ± 0.06 ab | 14.46 ± 0.13 a | 22.62 ± 0.28 b | 50.57 ± 0.47 a | ||
| D4 | 4.81 ± 0.24 a | 14.69 ± 0.11 a | 23.18 ± 0.14 a | 50.45 ± 0.23 a | ||
| Mean | 4.52 | 14.24 | 22.13 | 50.65 | ||
| Songxiangjing 1018 | D1 | 4.52 ± 0.10 d | 13.90 ± 0.15 d | 21.54 ± 0.16 d | 52.11 ± 0.51 a | |
| D2 | 4.97 ± 0.07 c | 14.49 ± 0.05 c | 22.65 ± 0.19 c | 51.71 ± 0.16 a | ||
| D3 | 5.30 ± 0.09 b | 15.00 ± 0.17 b | 23.76 ± 0.23 b | 51.39 ± 0.41 ab | ||
| D4 | 5.61 ± 0.11 a | 15.63 ± 0.12 a | 24.88 ± 0.20 a | 50.72 ± 0.37 b | ||
| Mean | 5.10 | 14.75 | 23.21 | 51.48 | ||
| Year (Y) | ** | ** | ** | NS | ||
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
| Treatment (T) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
| Y × V | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
| Variety | Treatment | Jointing stage | Heading stage | Maturity stage | Leaf area reduction rate per day | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-effective LAI | High-effective LAI ratio (%) | Effective LAI | Effective LAI ratio (%) | Total LAI | |||||
| 2023 | |||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 3.08 ± 0.08 b | 5.65 ± 0.04 a | 81.32 ± 0.36 a | 6.34 ± 0.03 a | 91.40 ± 0.12 a | 6.94 ± 0.04 b | 3.04 ± 0.05 a | 0.0814 ± 0.0017 a |
| D2 | 3.18 ± 0.05 ab | 5.71 ± 0.07 a | 81.12 ± 0.30 a | 6.42 ± 0.10 a | 91.12 ± 0.48 a | 7.04 ± 0.07 ab | 3.12 ± 0.09 a | 0.0816 ± 0.0010 a | |
| D3 | 3.23 ± 0.11 ab | 5.75 ± 0.17 a | 80.74 ± 0.96 a | 6.47 ± 0.17 a | 90.89 ± 0.69 a | 7.12 ± 0.13 ab | 3.19 ± 0.11 a | 0.0819 ± 0.0010 a | |
| D4 | 3.28 ± 0.06 a | 5.75 ± 0.07 a | 80.02 ± 0.19 a | 6.49 ± 0.11 a | 90.30 ± 0.60 a | 7.19 ± 0.08 a | 3.23 ± 0.15 a | 0.0825 ± 0.0018 a | |
| Mean | 3.20 | 5.72 | 80.80 | 6.43 | 90.93 | 7.07 | 3.14 | 0.0818 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 3.13 ± 0.09 b | 5.93 ± 0.07 a | 83.42 ± 0.41 a | 6.56 ± 0.09 a | 92.24 ± 0.82 a | 7.11 ± 0.05 c | 3.10 ± 0.05 c | 0.0802 ± 0.0008 a |
| D2 | 3.22 ± 0.04 ab | 6.01 ± 0.10 a | 83.24 ± 0.57 ab | 6.66 ± 0.12 a | 92.20 ± 0.84 a | 7.22 ± 0.07 bc | 3.20 ± 0.07 bc | 0.0803 ± 0.0030 a | |
| D3 | 3.30 ± 0.04 ab | 6.05 ± 0.02 a | 82.68 ± 0.43 ab | 6.73 ± 0.05 a | 92.03 ± 0.69 a | 7.32 ± 0.03 ab | 3.28 ± 0.04 ab | 0.0806 ± 0.0008 a | |
| D4 | 3.37 ± 0.09 a | 6.07 ± 0.05 a | 82.11 ± 0.50 b | 6.77 ± 0.09 a | 91.58 ± 0.45 a | 7.39 ± 0.06 a | 3.34 ± 0.03 a | 0.0810 ± 0.0018 a | |
| Mean | 3.25 | 6.01 | 82.86 | 6.68 | 92.01 | 7.26 | 3.23 | 0.0805 | |
| 2024 | |||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 2.97 ± 0.02 c | 5.58 ± 0.04 a | 80.88 ± 0.38 a | 6.26 ± 0.02 b | 90.83 ± 0.09 a | 6.89 ± 0.02 c | 2.96 ± 0.03 c | 0.0820 ± 0.0010 a |
| D2 | 3.03 ± 0.02 bc | 5.59 ± 0.06 a | 80.44 ± 0.23 ab | 6.30 ± 0.06 ab | 90.58 ± 0.07 ab | 6.95 ± 0.06 bc | 3.01 ± 0.02 bc | 0.0821 ± 0.0014 a | |
| D3 | 3.08 ± 0.04 ab | 5.64 ± 0.04 a | 80.15 ± 0.30 b | 6.35 ± 0.04 ab | 90.37 ± 0.17 ab | 7.03 ± 0.04 ab | 3.07 ± 0.02 ab | 0.0826 ± 0.0012 a | |
| D4 | 3.15 ± 0.04 a | 5.66 ± 0.06 a | 79.88 ± 0.05 b | 6.39 ± 0.07 a | 90.21 ± 0.43 b | 7.09 ± 0.07 a | 3.10 ± 0.03 a | 0.0831 ± 0.0008 a | |
| Mean | 3.06 | 5.62 | 80.34 | 6.33 | 90.50 | 6.99 | 3.03 | 0.0825 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 3.06 ± 0.10 b | 5.84 ± 0.06 a | 83.28 ± 0.34 a | 6.55 ± 0.04 b | 93.41 ± 0.17 a | 7.01 ± 0.04 c | 2.91 ± 0.14 b | 0.0805 ± 0.0033 a |
| D2 | 3.18 ± 0.09 ab | 5.88 ± 0.11 a | 82.41 ± 0.90 a | 6.65 ± 0.11 ab | 93.12 ± 1.08 a | 7.14 ± 0.06 b | 3.02 ± 0.08 ab | 0.0807 ± 0.0006 a | |
| D3 | 3.25 ± 0.10 ab | 5.94 ± 0.06 a | 82.06 ± 0.86 a | 6.72 ± 0.08 ab | 92.82 ± 0.74 a | 7.24 ± 0.03 a | 3.10 ± 0.05 ab | 0.0813 ± 0.0013 a | |
| D4 | 3.31 ± 0.08 a | 6.00 ± 0.08 a | 81.95 ± 0.88 a | 6.78 ± 0.10 a | 92.56 ± 0.91 a | 7.32 ± 0.05 a | 3.16 ± 0.02 a | 0.0816 ± 0.0007 a | |
| Mean | 3.20 | 5.92 | 82.43 | 6.67 | 92.98 | 7.18 | 3.05 | 0.0810 | |
| Year (Y) | ** | ** | NS | * | NS | ** | ** | NS | |
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | * | |
| Treatment (T) | ** | * | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | NS | |
| Y × V | * | NS | NS | * | ** | NS | NS | NS | |
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Y × V ×T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
Table 3. Effects of planting density on leaf area index (LAI) of japonica rice.
| Variety | Treatment | Jointing stage | Heading stage | Maturity stage | Leaf area reduction rate per day | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-effective LAI | High-effective LAI ratio (%) | Effective LAI | Effective LAI ratio (%) | Total LAI | |||||
| 2023 | |||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 3.08 ± 0.08 b | 5.65 ± 0.04 a | 81.32 ± 0.36 a | 6.34 ± 0.03 a | 91.40 ± 0.12 a | 6.94 ± 0.04 b | 3.04 ± 0.05 a | 0.0814 ± 0.0017 a |
| D2 | 3.18 ± 0.05 ab | 5.71 ± 0.07 a | 81.12 ± 0.30 a | 6.42 ± 0.10 a | 91.12 ± 0.48 a | 7.04 ± 0.07 ab | 3.12 ± 0.09 a | 0.0816 ± 0.0010 a | |
| D3 | 3.23 ± 0.11 ab | 5.75 ± 0.17 a | 80.74 ± 0.96 a | 6.47 ± 0.17 a | 90.89 ± 0.69 a | 7.12 ± 0.13 ab | 3.19 ± 0.11 a | 0.0819 ± 0.0010 a | |
| D4 | 3.28 ± 0.06 a | 5.75 ± 0.07 a | 80.02 ± 0.19 a | 6.49 ± 0.11 a | 90.30 ± 0.60 a | 7.19 ± 0.08 a | 3.23 ± 0.15 a | 0.0825 ± 0.0018 a | |
| Mean | 3.20 | 5.72 | 80.80 | 6.43 | 90.93 | 7.07 | 3.14 | 0.0818 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 3.13 ± 0.09 b | 5.93 ± 0.07 a | 83.42 ± 0.41 a | 6.56 ± 0.09 a | 92.24 ± 0.82 a | 7.11 ± 0.05 c | 3.10 ± 0.05 c | 0.0802 ± 0.0008 a |
| D2 | 3.22 ± 0.04 ab | 6.01 ± 0.10 a | 83.24 ± 0.57 ab | 6.66 ± 0.12 a | 92.20 ± 0.84 a | 7.22 ± 0.07 bc | 3.20 ± 0.07 bc | 0.0803 ± 0.0030 a | |
| D3 | 3.30 ± 0.04 ab | 6.05 ± 0.02 a | 82.68 ± 0.43 ab | 6.73 ± 0.05 a | 92.03 ± 0.69 a | 7.32 ± 0.03 ab | 3.28 ± 0.04 ab | 0.0806 ± 0.0008 a | |
| D4 | 3.37 ± 0.09 a | 6.07 ± 0.05 a | 82.11 ± 0.50 b | 6.77 ± 0.09 a | 91.58 ± 0.45 a | 7.39 ± 0.06 a | 3.34 ± 0.03 a | 0.0810 ± 0.0018 a | |
| Mean | 3.25 | 6.01 | 82.86 | 6.68 | 92.01 | 7.26 | 3.23 | 0.0805 | |
| 2024 | |||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 2.97 ± 0.02 c | 5.58 ± 0.04 a | 80.88 ± 0.38 a | 6.26 ± 0.02 b | 90.83 ± 0.09 a | 6.89 ± 0.02 c | 2.96 ± 0.03 c | 0.0820 ± 0.0010 a |
| D2 | 3.03 ± 0.02 bc | 5.59 ± 0.06 a | 80.44 ± 0.23 ab | 6.30 ± 0.06 ab | 90.58 ± 0.07 ab | 6.95 ± 0.06 bc | 3.01 ± 0.02 bc | 0.0821 ± 0.0014 a | |
| D3 | 3.08 ± 0.04 ab | 5.64 ± 0.04 a | 80.15 ± 0.30 b | 6.35 ± 0.04 ab | 90.37 ± 0.17 ab | 7.03 ± 0.04 ab | 3.07 ± 0.02 ab | 0.0826 ± 0.0012 a | |
| D4 | 3.15 ± 0.04 a | 5.66 ± 0.06 a | 79.88 ± 0.05 b | 6.39 ± 0.07 a | 90.21 ± 0.43 b | 7.09 ± 0.07 a | 3.10 ± 0.03 a | 0.0831 ± 0.0008 a | |
| Mean | 3.06 | 5.62 | 80.34 | 6.33 | 90.50 | 6.99 | 3.03 | 0.0825 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 3.06 ± 0.10 b | 5.84 ± 0.06 a | 83.28 ± 0.34 a | 6.55 ± 0.04 b | 93.41 ± 0.17 a | 7.01 ± 0.04 c | 2.91 ± 0.14 b | 0.0805 ± 0.0033 a |
| D2 | 3.18 ± 0.09 ab | 5.88 ± 0.11 a | 82.41 ± 0.90 a | 6.65 ± 0.11 ab | 93.12 ± 1.08 a | 7.14 ± 0.06 b | 3.02 ± 0.08 ab | 0.0807 ± 0.0006 a | |
| D3 | 3.25 ± 0.10 ab | 5.94 ± 0.06 a | 82.06 ± 0.86 a | 6.72 ± 0.08 ab | 92.82 ± 0.74 a | 7.24 ± 0.03 a | 3.10 ± 0.05 ab | 0.0813 ± 0.0013 a | |
| D4 | 3.31 ± 0.08 a | 6.00 ± 0.08 a | 81.95 ± 0.88 a | 6.78 ± 0.10 a | 92.56 ± 0.91 a | 7.32 ± 0.05 a | 3.16 ± 0.02 a | 0.0816 ± 0.0007 a | |
| Mean | 3.20 | 5.92 | 82.43 | 6.67 | 92.98 | 7.18 | 3.05 | 0.0810 | |
| Year (Y) | ** | ** | NS | * | NS | ** | ** | NS | |
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | * | |
| Treatment (T) | ** | * | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | NS | |
| Y × V | * | NS | NS | * | ** | NS | NS | NS | |
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Y × V ×T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| Year | Variety | Treatment | Plant height (cm) | Flag leaf | Second leaf from top | Third leaf from top | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf length (cm) | Leaf width (cm) | Leaf length (cm) | Leaf width (cm) | Leaf length (cm) | Leaf width (cm) | |||||||||||
| 2023 | NXJ | D1 | 103.00 ± 2.83 a | 27.10 ± 1.00 a | 1.80 ± 0.08 a | 36.67 ± 2.01 a | 1.77 ± 0.05 a | 41.43 ± 1.98 a | 1.67 ± 0.12 a | |||||||
| D2 | 102.17 ± 2.09 a | 26.17 ± 0.62 a | 1.77 ± 0.12 a | 36.40 ± 0.91 a | 1.73 ± 0.05 a | 41.00 ± 1.28 a | 1.63 ± 0.09 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 100.83 ± 1.55 a | 25.67 ± 1.39 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | 35.93 ± 1.57 a | 1.67 ± 0.17 a | 40.43 ± 1.14 a | 1.53 ± 0.12 a | |||||||||
| D4 | 97.50 ± 3.34 a | 24.97 ± 1.18 a | 1.63 ± 0.12 a | 34.97 ± 0.52 a | 1.58 ± 0.13 a | 39.77 ± 0.74 a | 1.43 ± 0.05 a | |||||||||
| Mean | 100.88 | 25.98 | 1.73 | 35.99 | 1.69 | 40.66 | 1.57 | |||||||||
| SXJ | D1 | 98.00 ± 2.55 a | 28.23 ± 2.05 a | 1.93 ± 0.12 a | 38.77 ± 0.97 a | 1.90 ± 0.08 a | 43.80 ± 0.43 a | 1.80 ± 0.08 a | ||||||||
| D2 | 97.33 ± 1.65 a | 27.63 ± 2.42 a | 1.90 ± 0.08 a | 38.23 ± 1.32 a | 1.87 ± 0.09 a | 43.60 ± 1.44 a | 1.77 ± 0.12 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 96.17 ± 3.01 a | 26.67 ± 0.74 a | 1.83 ± 0.09 a | 37.80 ± 1.53 a | 1.83 ± 0.12 a | 42.87 ± 1.93 a | 1.67 ± 0.05 a | |||||||||
| D4 | 94.50 ± 3.08 a | 25.47 ± 2.01 a | 1.77 ± 0.12 a | 36.83 ± 1.07 a | 1.73 ± 0.17 a | 42.20 ± 1.31 a | 1.60 ± 0.14 a | |||||||||
| Mean | 96.50 | 27.00 | 1.86 | 37.91 | 1.83 | 43.12 | 1.71 | |||||||||
| 2024 | NXJ | D1 | 101.67 ± 2.62 a | 26.60 ± 0.78 a | 1.87 ± 0.21 a | 36.33 ± 0.83 a | 1.73 ± 0.05 a | 40.10 ± 0.29 a | 1.63 ± 0.05 a | |||||||
| D2 | 100.83 ± 2.25 a | 26.07 ± 0.54 a | 1.73 ± 0.05 a | 35.73 ± 1.09 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | 39.67 ± 0.81 a | 1.60 ± 0.08 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 99.50 ± 1.08 a | 25.30 ± 1.42 a | 1.67 ± 0.12 a | 34.80 ± 0.65 a | 1.63 ± 0.05 a | 38.43 ± 2.20 a | 1.50 ± 0.08 ab | |||||||||
| D4 | 97.17 ± 2.32 a | 24.30 ± 1.80 a | 1.60 ± 0.08 a | 34.03 ± 1.22 a | 1.57 ± 0.09 a | 37.03 ± 1.92 a | 1.37 ± 0.05 b | |||||||||
| Mean | 99.79 | 25.57 | 1.72 | 35.23 | 1.66 | 38.81 | 1.53 | |||||||||
| SXJ | D1 | 97.67 ± 1.65 a | 27.57 ± 2.11 a | 1.90 ± 0.16 a | 37.77 ± 2.38 a | 1.87 ± 0.17 a | 42.07 ± 1.20 a | 1.77 ± 0.09 a | ||||||||
| D2 | 96.50 ± 1.08 a | 26.98 ± 1.52 a | 1.87 ± 0.09 a | 37.33 ± 1.77 a | 1.80 ± 0.08 a | 41.93 ± 1.43 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 95.00 ± 2.68 a | 26.17 ± 1.54 a | 1.80 ± 0.14 a | 36.80 ± 1.00 a | 1.73 ± 0.17 a | 40.53 ± 0.62 a | 1.63 ± 0.05 ab | |||||||||
| D4 | 93.83 ± 3.01 a | 25.13 ± 2.02 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | 36.17 ± 1.88 a | 1.67 ± 0.09 a | 39.87 ± 1.27 a | 1.50 ± 0.08 b | |||||||||
| Mean | 95.75 | 26.46 | 1.82 | 37.02 | 1.77 | 41.10 | 1.65 | |||||||||
| Year (Y) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ** | NS | |||||||||
| Variety (V) | ** | NS | NS | * | * | ** | ** | |||||||||
| Treatment (T) | * | * | ** | NS | NS | * | ** | |||||||||
| Y × V | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
Table 4. Effects of planting density on plant height and top three leaves length and width of japonica rice plants.
| Year | Variety | Treatment | Plant height (cm) | Flag leaf | Second leaf from top | Third leaf from top | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf length (cm) | Leaf width (cm) | Leaf length (cm) | Leaf width (cm) | Leaf length (cm) | Leaf width (cm) | |||||||||||
| 2023 | NXJ | D1 | 103.00 ± 2.83 a | 27.10 ± 1.00 a | 1.80 ± 0.08 a | 36.67 ± 2.01 a | 1.77 ± 0.05 a | 41.43 ± 1.98 a | 1.67 ± 0.12 a | |||||||
| D2 | 102.17 ± 2.09 a | 26.17 ± 0.62 a | 1.77 ± 0.12 a | 36.40 ± 0.91 a | 1.73 ± 0.05 a | 41.00 ± 1.28 a | 1.63 ± 0.09 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 100.83 ± 1.55 a | 25.67 ± 1.39 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | 35.93 ± 1.57 a | 1.67 ± 0.17 a | 40.43 ± 1.14 a | 1.53 ± 0.12 a | |||||||||
| D4 | 97.50 ± 3.34 a | 24.97 ± 1.18 a | 1.63 ± 0.12 a | 34.97 ± 0.52 a | 1.58 ± 0.13 a | 39.77 ± 0.74 a | 1.43 ± 0.05 a | |||||||||
| Mean | 100.88 | 25.98 | 1.73 | 35.99 | 1.69 | 40.66 | 1.57 | |||||||||
| SXJ | D1 | 98.00 ± 2.55 a | 28.23 ± 2.05 a | 1.93 ± 0.12 a | 38.77 ± 0.97 a | 1.90 ± 0.08 a | 43.80 ± 0.43 a | 1.80 ± 0.08 a | ||||||||
| D2 | 97.33 ± 1.65 a | 27.63 ± 2.42 a | 1.90 ± 0.08 a | 38.23 ± 1.32 a | 1.87 ± 0.09 a | 43.60 ± 1.44 a | 1.77 ± 0.12 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 96.17 ± 3.01 a | 26.67 ± 0.74 a | 1.83 ± 0.09 a | 37.80 ± 1.53 a | 1.83 ± 0.12 a | 42.87 ± 1.93 a | 1.67 ± 0.05 a | |||||||||
| D4 | 94.50 ± 3.08 a | 25.47 ± 2.01 a | 1.77 ± 0.12 a | 36.83 ± 1.07 a | 1.73 ± 0.17 a | 42.20 ± 1.31 a | 1.60 ± 0.14 a | |||||||||
| Mean | 96.50 | 27.00 | 1.86 | 37.91 | 1.83 | 43.12 | 1.71 | |||||||||
| 2024 | NXJ | D1 | 101.67 ± 2.62 a | 26.60 ± 0.78 a | 1.87 ± 0.21 a | 36.33 ± 0.83 a | 1.73 ± 0.05 a | 40.10 ± 0.29 a | 1.63 ± 0.05 a | |||||||
| D2 | 100.83 ± 2.25 a | 26.07 ± 0.54 a | 1.73 ± 0.05 a | 35.73 ± 1.09 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | 39.67 ± 0.81 a | 1.60 ± 0.08 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 99.50 ± 1.08 a | 25.30 ± 1.42 a | 1.67 ± 0.12 a | 34.80 ± 0.65 a | 1.63 ± 0.05 a | 38.43 ± 2.20 a | 1.50 ± 0.08 ab | |||||||||
| D4 | 97.17 ± 2.32 a | 24.30 ± 1.80 a | 1.60 ± 0.08 a | 34.03 ± 1.22 a | 1.57 ± 0.09 a | 37.03 ± 1.92 a | 1.37 ± 0.05 b | |||||||||
| Mean | 99.79 | 25.57 | 1.72 | 35.23 | 1.66 | 38.81 | 1.53 | |||||||||
| SXJ | D1 | 97.67 ± 1.65 a | 27.57 ± 2.11 a | 1.90 ± 0.16 a | 37.77 ± 2.38 a | 1.87 ± 0.17 a | 42.07 ± 1.20 a | 1.77 ± 0.09 a | ||||||||
| D2 | 96.50 ± 1.08 a | 26.98 ± 1.52 a | 1.87 ± 0.09 a | 37.33 ± 1.77 a | 1.80 ± 0.08 a | 41.93 ± 1.43 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | |||||||||
| D3 | 95.00 ± 2.68 a | 26.17 ± 1.54 a | 1.80 ± 0.14 a | 36.80 ± 1.00 a | 1.73 ± 0.17 a | 40.53 ± 0.62 a | 1.63 ± 0.05 ab | |||||||||
| D4 | 93.83 ± 3.01 a | 25.13 ± 2.02 a | 1.70 ± 0.08 a | 36.17 ± 1.88 a | 1.67 ± 0.09 a | 39.87 ± 1.27 a | 1.50 ± 0.08 b | |||||||||
| Mean | 95.75 | 26.46 | 1.82 | 37.02 | 1.77 | 41.10 | 1.65 | |||||||||
| Year (Y) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ** | NS | |||||||||
| Variety (V) | ** | NS | NS | * | * | ** | ** | |||||||||
| Treatment (T) | * | * | ** | NS | NS | * | ** | |||||||||
| Y × V | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |||||||||
| Variety | Treat-ment | Panicle length (cm) | No. of spikelets per panicle | No. of filled spikelets per panicle | Seed-setting rate (%) | Grain density (Grain/cm) | Single panicle weight (g) | Axis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of spikelets | No. of filled spikelets | Seed-setting rate (%) | ||||||||
| 2023 | ||||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 17.58 ± 0.11 a | 182.86 ± 0.92 a | 155.19 ± 0.73 a | 84.87 ± 0.73 a | 10.40 ± 0.10 a | 3.80 ± 0.02 a | 6.64 ± 0.08 a | 6.13 ± 0.09 a | 92.39 ± 2.30 a |
| D2 | 17.54 ± 0.11 a | 182.08 ± 0.60 a | 154.21 ± 1.34 a | 84.70 ± 1.01 a | 10.38 ± 0.09 a | 3.77 ± 0.01 ab | 6.61 ± 0.13 a | 6.07 ± 0.05 ab | 91.91 ± 1.60 a | |
| D3 | 17.46 ± 0.09 a | 180.62 ± 0.93 ab | 151.92 ± 0.84 b | 84.11 ± 0.09 a | 10.35 ± 0.07 a | 3.70 ± 0.07 bc | 6.58 ± 0.07 a | 6.02 ± 0.11 ab | 91.44 ± 0.69 a | |
| D4 | 17.34 ± 0.08 a | 178.44 ± 1.60 b | 149.55 ± 0.50 c | 83.82 ± 0.93 a | 10.29 ± 0.09 a | 3.61 ± 0.01 c | 6.49 ± 0.11 a | 5.86 ± 0.12 b | 90.21 ± 1.93 a | |
| Mean | 17.48 | 181.00 | 152.72 | 84.37 | 10.36 | 3.72 | 6.58 | 6.02 | 91.49 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 16.46 ± 0.09 a | 171.05 ± 0.57 a | 151.19 ± 0.91 a | 88.39 ± 0.52 a | 10.39 ± 0.07 a | 4.22 ± 0.02 a | 6.20 ± 0.10 a | 5.84 ± 0.10 a | 94.20 ± 0.96 a |
| D2 | 16.44 ± 0.06 a | 168.94 ± 0.88 a | 148.89 ± 0.86 a | 88.13 ± 0.24 a | 10.28 ± 0.06 a | 4.15 ± 0.01 b | 6.14 ± 0.10 a | 5.74 ± 0.09 ab | 93.49 ± 1.34 a | |
| D3 | 16.39 ± 0.07 a | 165.62 ± 1.06 b | 145.19 ± 1.31 b | 87.67 ± 0.28 a | 10.11 ± 0.04 b | 4.03 ± 0.06 c | 6.06 ± 0.08 a | 5.63 ± 0.11 ab | 92.85 ± 0.49 a | |
| D4 | 16.35 ± 0.10 a | 162.86 ± 1.32 c | 142.27 ± 1.47 c | 87.36 ± 0.58 a | 9.96 ± 0.05 c | 3.93 ± 0.01 d | 5.98 ± 0.10 a | 5.54 ± 0.05 b | 92.65 ± 0.78 a | |
| Mean | 16.41 | 167.12 | 146.89 | 87.89 | 10.18 | 4.08 | 6.10 | 5.69 | 93.30 | |
| 2024 | ||||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 17.40 ± 0.18 a | 175.63 ± 0.30 a | 148.82 ± 0.53 a | 84.74 ± 0.35 a | 10.10 ± 0.10 a | 3.62 ± 0.01 a | 6.34 ± 0.11 a | 5.80 ± 0.07 a | 91.49 ± 0.67 a |
| D2 | 17.22 ± 0.14 ab | 173.26 ± 0.31 b | 146.59 ± 0.12 b | 84.61 ± 0.20 a | 10.06 ± 0.09 a | 3.55 ± 0.01 b | 6.30 ± 0.02 a | 5.75 ± 0.05 ab | 91.22 ± 0.62 a | |
| D3 | 17.07 ± 0.05 bc | 171.04 ± 0.09 c | 144.07 ± 0.37 c | 84.23 ± 0.20 a | 10.02 ± 0.03 a | 3.49 ± 0.01 c | 6.28 ± 0.02 a | 5.70 ± 0.02 ab | 90.66 ± 0.17 a | |
| D4 | 16.85 ± 0.08 c | 167.55 ± 1.75 d | 140.16 ± 0.53 d | 83.67 ± 1.19 a | 9.94 ± 0.11 a | 3.39 ± 0.02 d | 6.25 ± 0.03 a | 5.66 ± 0.04 b | 90.57 ± 0.90 a | |
| Mean | 17.14 | 171.87 | 144.91 | 84.31 | 10.03 | 3.51 | 6.29 | 5.73 | 90.98 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 16.31 ± 0.02 a | 165.88 ± 0.66 a | 145.34 ± 0.17 a | 87.62 ± 0.30 a | 10.17 ± 0.05 a | 4.03 ± 0.01 a | 5.95 ± 0.04 a | 5.49 ± 0.05 a | 92.16 ± 0.53 a |
| D2 | 16.25 ± 0.03 a | 163.06 ± 0.59 b | 142.59 ± 0.43 b | 87.44 ± 0.20 a | 10.04 ± 0.05 b | 3.95 ± 0.01 b | 5.80 ± 0.11 ab | 5.34 ± 0.03 b | 92.04 ± 1.48 a | |
| D3 | 16.17 ± 0.05 b | 160.47 ± 0.34 c | 139.89 ± 0.29 c | 87.17 ± 0.17 a | 9.92 ± 0.03 c | 3.87 ± 0.01 c | 5.70 ± 0.05 bc | 5.20 ± 0.06 c | 91.30 ± 1.60 a | |
| D4 | 16.09 ± 0.01 c | 158.45 ± 0.17 d | 137.10 ± 0.28 d | 86.53 ± 0.17 b | 9.85 ± 0.01 c | 3.78 ± 0.01 d | 5.56 ± 0.09 c | 5.03 ± 0.07 d | 90.47 ± 0.42 a | |
| Mean | 16.21 | 161.97 | 141.23 | 87.19 | 9.99 | 3.91 | 5.75 | 5.26 | 91.49 | |
| Year (Y) | ** | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | |
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | NS | |
| Treatment (T) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | |
| Y × V | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | |
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| V × T | NS | NS | * | NS | ** | NS | ** | * | NS | |
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
Table 5. Effects of planting density on panicle pattern of japonica rice.
| Variety | Treat-ment | Panicle length (cm) | No. of spikelets per panicle | No. of filled spikelets per panicle | Seed-setting rate (%) | Grain density (Grain/cm) | Single panicle weight (g) | Axis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of spikelets | No. of filled spikelets | Seed-setting rate (%) | ||||||||
| 2023 | ||||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 17.58 ± 0.11 a | 182.86 ± 0.92 a | 155.19 ± 0.73 a | 84.87 ± 0.73 a | 10.40 ± 0.10 a | 3.80 ± 0.02 a | 6.64 ± 0.08 a | 6.13 ± 0.09 a | 92.39 ± 2.30 a |
| D2 | 17.54 ± 0.11 a | 182.08 ± 0.60 a | 154.21 ± 1.34 a | 84.70 ± 1.01 a | 10.38 ± 0.09 a | 3.77 ± 0.01 ab | 6.61 ± 0.13 a | 6.07 ± 0.05 ab | 91.91 ± 1.60 a | |
| D3 | 17.46 ± 0.09 a | 180.62 ± 0.93 ab | 151.92 ± 0.84 b | 84.11 ± 0.09 a | 10.35 ± 0.07 a | 3.70 ± 0.07 bc | 6.58 ± 0.07 a | 6.02 ± 0.11 ab | 91.44 ± 0.69 a | |
| D4 | 17.34 ± 0.08 a | 178.44 ± 1.60 b | 149.55 ± 0.50 c | 83.82 ± 0.93 a | 10.29 ± 0.09 a | 3.61 ± 0.01 c | 6.49 ± 0.11 a | 5.86 ± 0.12 b | 90.21 ± 1.93 a | |
| Mean | 17.48 | 181.00 | 152.72 | 84.37 | 10.36 | 3.72 | 6.58 | 6.02 | 91.49 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 16.46 ± 0.09 a | 171.05 ± 0.57 a | 151.19 ± 0.91 a | 88.39 ± 0.52 a | 10.39 ± 0.07 a | 4.22 ± 0.02 a | 6.20 ± 0.10 a | 5.84 ± 0.10 a | 94.20 ± 0.96 a |
| D2 | 16.44 ± 0.06 a | 168.94 ± 0.88 a | 148.89 ± 0.86 a | 88.13 ± 0.24 a | 10.28 ± 0.06 a | 4.15 ± 0.01 b | 6.14 ± 0.10 a | 5.74 ± 0.09 ab | 93.49 ± 1.34 a | |
| D3 | 16.39 ± 0.07 a | 165.62 ± 1.06 b | 145.19 ± 1.31 b | 87.67 ± 0.28 a | 10.11 ± 0.04 b | 4.03 ± 0.06 c | 6.06 ± 0.08 a | 5.63 ± 0.11 ab | 92.85 ± 0.49 a | |
| D4 | 16.35 ± 0.10 a | 162.86 ± 1.32 c | 142.27 ± 1.47 c | 87.36 ± 0.58 a | 9.96 ± 0.05 c | 3.93 ± 0.01 d | 5.98 ± 0.10 a | 5.54 ± 0.05 b | 92.65 ± 0.78 a | |
| Mean | 16.41 | 167.12 | 146.89 | 87.89 | 10.18 | 4.08 | 6.10 | 5.69 | 93.30 | |
| 2024 | ||||||||||
| NXJ | D1 | 17.40 ± 0.18 a | 175.63 ± 0.30 a | 148.82 ± 0.53 a | 84.74 ± 0.35 a | 10.10 ± 0.10 a | 3.62 ± 0.01 a | 6.34 ± 0.11 a | 5.80 ± 0.07 a | 91.49 ± 0.67 a |
| D2 | 17.22 ± 0.14 ab | 173.26 ± 0.31 b | 146.59 ± 0.12 b | 84.61 ± 0.20 a | 10.06 ± 0.09 a | 3.55 ± 0.01 b | 6.30 ± 0.02 a | 5.75 ± 0.05 ab | 91.22 ± 0.62 a | |
| D3 | 17.07 ± 0.05 bc | 171.04 ± 0.09 c | 144.07 ± 0.37 c | 84.23 ± 0.20 a | 10.02 ± 0.03 a | 3.49 ± 0.01 c | 6.28 ± 0.02 a | 5.70 ± 0.02 ab | 90.66 ± 0.17 a | |
| D4 | 16.85 ± 0.08 c | 167.55 ± 1.75 d | 140.16 ± 0.53 d | 83.67 ± 1.19 a | 9.94 ± 0.11 a | 3.39 ± 0.02 d | 6.25 ± 0.03 a | 5.66 ± 0.04 b | 90.57 ± 0.90 a | |
| Mean | 17.14 | 171.87 | 144.91 | 84.31 | 10.03 | 3.51 | 6.29 | 5.73 | 90.98 | |
| SXJ | D1 | 16.31 ± 0.02 a | 165.88 ± 0.66 a | 145.34 ± 0.17 a | 87.62 ± 0.30 a | 10.17 ± 0.05 a | 4.03 ± 0.01 a | 5.95 ± 0.04 a | 5.49 ± 0.05 a | 92.16 ± 0.53 a |
| D2 | 16.25 ± 0.03 a | 163.06 ± 0.59 b | 142.59 ± 0.43 b | 87.44 ± 0.20 a | 10.04 ± 0.05 b | 3.95 ± 0.01 b | 5.80 ± 0.11 ab | 5.34 ± 0.03 b | 92.04 ± 1.48 a | |
| D3 | 16.17 ± 0.05 b | 160.47 ± 0.34 c | 139.89 ± 0.29 c | 87.17 ± 0.17 a | 9.92 ± 0.03 c | 3.87 ± 0.01 c | 5.70 ± 0.05 bc | 5.20 ± 0.06 c | 91.30 ± 1.60 a | |
| D4 | 16.09 ± 0.01 c | 158.45 ± 0.17 d | 137.10 ± 0.28 d | 86.53 ± 0.17 b | 9.85 ± 0.01 c | 3.78 ± 0.01 d | 5.56 ± 0.09 c | 5.03 ± 0.07 d | 90.47 ± 0.42 a | |
| Mean | 16.21 | 161.97 | 141.23 | 87.19 | 9.99 | 3.91 | 5.75 | 5.26 | 91.49 | |
| Year (Y) | ** | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | |
| Variety (V) | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ** | ** | NS | |
| Treatment (T) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | |
| Y × V | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | |
| Y × T | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
| V × T | NS | NS | * | NS | ** | NS | ** | * | NS | |
| Y × V × T | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
Fig. 1. Effects of planting density on activities of photosynthesis-related, antioxidant, and nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in japonica rice. D1, Planting density of 16 cm × 30 cm; D2, Planting density of 14 cm × 30 cm; D3, Planting density of 12 cm × 30 cm; D4, Planting density of 10 cm × 30 cm; TPS, Tillering peak stage; JS, Jointing stage; BS, Booting stage; HS, Heading stage; FHS, Full heading stage; MFS, Mid-filling stage; RuBisCO, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; ATPase, Adenosine triphosphatase; POD, Peroxidase; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; NR, Nitrate reductase; GS, Glutamine synthetase. Data are mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters above bars indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05.
Fig. 2. Correlation of rice population characteristics, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield. Y, Yield; SPW, Single panicle weight; LAI, Total leaf area index at the heading stage; PH, Plant height; BIO, Dry matter accumulation; TRA, Plant translocation amount; PN, Net photosynthetic rate; SOD, Superoxide dismutase activity; POD, Peroxidase activity; RuBisCO, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity; ATPase, Adenosine triphosphatase activity; NR, Nitrate reductase activity; GS, Glutamine synthetase activity. Data were from all replicates from two years (n = 48). *, P < 0.05.
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