Mixed-Oligosaccharides Promote Seedling Growth of Direct-Seeded Rice under Salt and Alkaline Stress

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2024.08.001

摘要/Abstract

. [J]. Rice Science, 2024, 31(6): 712-724.

Fig. 1. Mixed-oligosaccharide (KP) priming increases starch and sucrose metabolism during seedling establishment under salt and alkaline stress. A, Visualization of starch granules from hypocotyl regions of W-CK, W-S, W-A, KP-S, and KP-A after 48 h germination. Scale bars, 10 µm. B and C, Amylase and starch phosphorylase activities in W- and KP-primed seeds under salt stress (B) and alkaline stress (C) after 24 and 48 h imbibition. W-CK, Distilled water priming + distilled water culture; W-S, Distilled water priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; KP-S, KP-priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; W-A, Distilled water priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture; KP-A, KP-priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture. Data are Mean ± SE of three replicates. The lowercase letters above the bars represent significant differences between groups according to Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05.

Fig. 2. Mixed-oligosaccharide (KP) priming decreases pyruvate (PA) content and increase pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity during seedling establishment under salt and alkaline stress. A and B, PA content and PDH activity in W- and KP-primed seeds under salt stress (A) and alkaline stress (B) after 24 and 48 h imbibition. W-CK, Distilled water priming + distilled water culture; W-S, Distilled water priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; KP-S, KP-priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; W-A, Distilled water priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture; KP-A, KP-priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture. Data are Mean ± SE of three replicates. The lowercase letters on vertical bars represent significant differences between groups according to Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05.

Fig. 3. Comparing ATP content and ATP synthase activity in water (W) and mixed-oligosaccharide (KP) priming under salt and alkaline stress. A and B, ATP content and ATP synthase activity in W- and KP-primed seeds under salt stress (A) and alkaline stress (B) after 24 and 48 h imbibition. W-CK, Distilled water priming + distilled water culture; W-S, Distilled water priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; KP-S, KP-priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; W-A, Distilled water priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture; KP-A, KP-priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture. Data are Mean ± SE of three replicates. The lowercase letters on vertical bars represent significant differences between groups according to Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05.

Fig. 4. Mixed-oligosaccharide (KP) priming enhances detoxification of reactive oxygen species during seedling establishment under salt stress. A and B, Contents of O2·̄, H2O2, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalase (CAT) in W- and KP-primed seeds under salt stress (A) and alkaline stress (B) after 24 and 48 h imbibition. W-CK, Distilled water priming + distilled water culture; W-S, Distilled water priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; KP-S, KP-priming + 50 mmol/L NaCl culture; W-A, Distilled water priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture; KP-A, KP-priming + 15 mmol/L Na2CO3 culture. Data are Mean ± SE of three replicates. The lowercase letters above the represent significant differences between groups according to Duncan’s multiple range test at P < 0.05.

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of alleviating stress and improving seed gemination of rice by which pre-soaking mixed-oligosaccharides (KP) influences energy metabolic process. TCA, Tricarboxylic acid cycle; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; POD, Peroxidases; CAT, Catalase; ROS, Reactive oxygen species.

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