Microbial Insecticides for Rice Insect Pest Management

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2026.04.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbial pesticides are being increasingly adopted in modern agriculture as sustainable alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides, featuring outstanding target specificity and low environmental risk. Their application plays a vital role in rice production, enabling effective suppression of key rice insect pests including stem borers, leaf folders, and planthoppers, while preserving ecological balance. The research, development, and popularization of microbial insecticides facilitate green agricultural development, with numerous commercial formulations successfully launched worldwide. This review summarizes the research progress of microbial insecticides categorized as bacterial, fungal, viral, and metabolite-based agents, focusing on their practical application in rice insect pest control. Furthermore, it discusses prominent technical and practical bottlenecks restricting their large-scale promotion and prospects future development directions consistent with sustainable plant protection strategies.

Key words: microbial insecticide, insect pest management, Bacillus thuringiensis, entomopathogenic fungi, baculoviruses

Zhang Xinxin, Chen Guoqing, Feng Guozhong. Microbial Insecticides for Rice Insect Pest Management[J]. Rice Science, 2026, 33(4): 438-448.

Figures/Tables 2

Fig. 1. Insecticidal mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal toxins (δ-endotoxins). A, Ingestion and dissolution. Following ingestion by the insect, the alkaline midgut dissolves the protein crystals, releasing soluble protoxins. B, Proteolytic activation. Midgut proteases cleave protoxins, converting them into active toxin fragments. C, Target recognition and binding. The active toxin binds with high specificity to receptor molecules on the surface of midgut epithelial cells. D, Membrane attack and host mortality. Receptor-bound toxin monomers assemble into pores, disrupting osmotic balance. E, Cell lysis. The intestinal barrier is compromised, allowing bacterial spores to invade the hemolymph. F, Trigger lethal septicemia.

Fig. 2. Baculovirus infection cycle. A, Occlusion bodies (OBs) ingestion and occlusion-derived viruses (ODVs) release. Insect larvae ingest OBs, which dissolve in the alkaline midgut, releasing ODVs. B, Midgut infection and viral replication. ODVs traverse the peritrophic membrane and bind to receptors on midgut epithelial cells, followed by viral replication and nucleocapsid assembly within the nucleus. C, Budded virion (BV) production. The virus forms BVs via a budding mechanism. D, Systemic dissemination. BVs enter the hemolymph and disseminate systemically, establishing infection in various tissues. E, OB formation and environmental transmission. During the very late phase of infection, new OBs are formed and packaged within the nucleus. Host death and cuticular liquefaction release billions of new OBs into the environment.

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