Rice Science ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 5-9.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2019.12.001
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Zahid Mumtaz Muhammad1,2, Saqib Muhammad1, Abbas Ghulam1,3, Akhtar Javaid1, Ul-Qamar Zia4
Received:2018-08-07
Accepted:2018-10-30
Online:2020-01-28
Published:2019-09-30
Zahid Mumtaz Muhammad, Saqib Muhammad, Abbas Ghulam, Akhtar Javaid, Ul-Qamar Zia. Drought Stress Impairs Grain Yield and Quality of Rice Genotypes by Impaired Photosynthetic Attributes and K Nutrition[J]. Rice Science, 2020, 27(1): 5-9.
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| Month | Average maximum temperature (ºC) | Average minimum temperature (ºC) | Total rain fall (mm) | Average solar radiation (MJ/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June | 38.6 | 26.0 | 78.3 | 9.38 |
| July | 34.7 | 25.9 | 118.1 | 9.00 |
| August | 34.1 | 25.5 | 92.6 | 5.44 |
| September | 32.9 | 23.6 | 155.1 | 6.88 |
| October | 32.2 | 17.2 | 0.4 | 8.35 |
Table 1 Rainfall, solar radiation and average minimum and maximum temperatures for the crop season at the experimental site.
| Month | Average maximum temperature (ºC) | Average minimum temperature (ºC) | Total rain fall (mm) | Average solar radiation (MJ/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| June | 38.6 | 26.0 | 78.3 | 9.38 |
| July | 34.7 | 25.9 | 118.1 | 9.00 |
| August | 34.1 | 25.5 | 92.6 | 5.44 |
| September | 32.9 | 23.6 | 155.1 | 6.88 |
| October | 32.2 | 17.2 | 0.4 | 8.35 |
| Genotype | Photosynthetic rate [µmol/(m2·s)] | Transpirational rate [µmol/(m2·s)] | Stomatal conductance [µmol/(m2·s)] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | |||
| 99404 | 10.24 j | 7.18 l | 1.90 i | 0.63 q | 1.97 gh | 0.63 j | ||
| 99417 | 12.92 fg | 9.34 k | 2.67 h | 0.68 q | 2.15 fg | 0.76 j | ||
| Super Basmati | 16.43 bc | 11.67 hi | 2.98 g | 1.12 o | 3.75 c | 2.45 efg | ||
| KS-282 | 18.44 a | 14.94 d | 4.49 a | 2.34 i | 5.87 a | 3.08 d | ||
| KSK-434 | 15.79 c | 9.76 jk | 4.05 c | 1.26 n | 3.01 de | 1.13 ij | ||
| KSK-133 | 13.65 e | 10.39 j | 4.05 c | 1.37 m | 2.59 def | 0.90 ij | ||
| Basmati-2000 | 16.72 b | 12.64 g | 3.19 f | 1.81 l | 3.09 d | 1.18 ij | ||
| KS-432 | 17.06 b | 13.59 ef | 4.36 b | 2.10 j | 4.80 b | 2.32 fg | ||
| Basmati-515 | 12.68 g | 11.23 i | 4.07 c | 1.96 k | 3.26 cd | 1.22 ij | ||
| Basmati-385 | 13.43 ef | 10.23 j | 3.73 e | 1.10 p | 3.01 de | 1.11 ij | ||
| Shaheen Basmati | 17.05 b | 12.29 gh | 3.96 d | 1.78 l | 3.76 c | 1.38 hi | ||
Table 2 Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic rate, transpirational rate and stomatal conductance of different rice genotypes.
| Genotype | Photosynthetic rate [µmol/(m2·s)] | Transpirational rate [µmol/(m2·s)] | Stomatal conductance [µmol/(m2·s)] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | |||
| 99404 | 10.24 j | 7.18 l | 1.90 i | 0.63 q | 1.97 gh | 0.63 j | ||
| 99417 | 12.92 fg | 9.34 k | 2.67 h | 0.68 q | 2.15 fg | 0.76 j | ||
| Super Basmati | 16.43 bc | 11.67 hi | 2.98 g | 1.12 o | 3.75 c | 2.45 efg | ||
| KS-282 | 18.44 a | 14.94 d | 4.49 a | 2.34 i | 5.87 a | 3.08 d | ||
| KSK-434 | 15.79 c | 9.76 jk | 4.05 c | 1.26 n | 3.01 de | 1.13 ij | ||
| KSK-133 | 13.65 e | 10.39 j | 4.05 c | 1.37 m | 2.59 def | 0.90 ij | ||
| Basmati-2000 | 16.72 b | 12.64 g | 3.19 f | 1.81 l | 3.09 d | 1.18 ij | ||
| KS-432 | 17.06 b | 13.59 ef | 4.36 b | 2.10 j | 4.80 b | 2.32 fg | ||
| Basmati-515 | 12.68 g | 11.23 i | 4.07 c | 1.96 k | 3.26 cd | 1.22 ij | ||
| Basmati-385 | 13.43 ef | 10.23 j | 3.73 e | 1.10 p | 3.01 de | 1.11 ij | ||
| Shaheen Basmati | 17.05 b | 12.29 gh | 3.96 d | 1.78 l | 3.76 c | 1.38 hi | ||
| Genotype | No. of panicles per plant | Grain yield (t/hm2) | Straw yield (t/hm2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | |||
| 99404 | 7 hi | 5 i | 3.92 ef | 1.66 j | 5.69 ij | 3.81 l | ||
| 99417 | 11 ef | 7 hi | 3.86 ef | 2.02 i | 7.16 ef | 4.53 k | ||
| Super Basmati | 13 bc | 10 fg | 4.16 d | 2.30 h | 7.90 d | 6.43 gh | ||
| KS-282 | 15 a | 14 b | 5.19 a | 3.21 g | 9.85 a | 7.79 d | ||
| KSK-434 | 12 cde | 9 g | 4.29 c | 2.22 hi | 7.10 ef | 5.62 j | ||
| KSK-133 | 13 bc | 10 fg | 4.09 de | 2.38 h | 7.26 e | 5.85 ij | ||
| Basmati-2000 | 11 ef | 10 fg | 3.72 f | 2.20 hi | 8.48 c | 6.66 fg | ||
| KS-432 | 14 b | 12 cde | 4.58 bc | 3.09 g | 9.37 b | 7.18 e | ||
| Basmati-515 | 12 cde | 10 fg | 4.73 b | 2.43 h | 8.69 c | 6.51 gh | ||
| Basmati-385 | 13 bc | 10 fg | 3.93 ef | 2.98 g | 8.54 c | 6.17 hi | ||
| Shaheen Basmati | 13 bc | 12 cde | 3.98 de | 3.04 g | 8.65 c | 6.13 hi | ||
Table 3 Effects of drought stress on number of panicles per plant, grain yield and straw yield of different rice genotypes.
| Genotype | No. of panicles per plant | Grain yield (t/hm2) | Straw yield (t/hm2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | |||
| 99404 | 7 hi | 5 i | 3.92 ef | 1.66 j | 5.69 ij | 3.81 l | ||
| 99417 | 11 ef | 7 hi | 3.86 ef | 2.02 i | 7.16 ef | 4.53 k | ||
| Super Basmati | 13 bc | 10 fg | 4.16 d | 2.30 h | 7.90 d | 6.43 gh | ||
| KS-282 | 15 a | 14 b | 5.19 a | 3.21 g | 9.85 a | 7.79 d | ||
| KSK-434 | 12 cde | 9 g | 4.29 c | 2.22 hi | 7.10 ef | 5.62 j | ||
| KSK-133 | 13 bc | 10 fg | 4.09 de | 2.38 h | 7.26 e | 5.85 ij | ||
| Basmati-2000 | 11 ef | 10 fg | 3.72 f | 2.20 hi | 8.48 c | 6.66 fg | ||
| KS-432 | 14 b | 12 cde | 4.58 bc | 3.09 g | 9.37 b | 7.18 e | ||
| Basmati-515 | 12 cde | 10 fg | 4.73 b | 2.43 h | 8.69 c | 6.51 gh | ||
| Basmati-385 | 13 bc | 10 fg | 3.93 ef | 2.98 g | 8.54 c | 6.17 hi | ||
| Shaheen Basmati | 13 bc | 12 cde | 3.98 de | 3.04 g | 8.65 c | 6.13 hi | ||
| Genotype | K+ in straw | K+ in grains | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | ||
| 99404 | 0.50 ghi | 0.33 j | 0.06 def | 0.05 ef | |
| 99417 | 0.65 b-f | 0.51 f-i | 0.09 bc | 0.07 cde | |
| Super Basmati | 0.67 bcd | 0.57 c-g | 0.07 cde | 0.06 def | |
| KS-282 | 0.82 a | 0.66 b-e | 0.14 a | 0.09 bc | |
| KSK-434 | 0.53 d-h | 0.38 ij | 0.06 def | 0.07 def | |
| KSK-133 | 0.72 ab | 0.49 ghi | 0.10 b | 0.08 bcd | |
| Basmati-2000 | 0.66 b-e | 0.60 b-g | 0.07 cd | 0.05 ef | |
| KS-432 | 0.69 abc | 0.61 b-g | 0.08 bcd | 0.06 def | |
| Basmati-515 | 0.49 ghi | 0.39 hij | 0.06 def | 0.05 ef | |
| Basmati-385 | 0.59 b-g | 0.52 e-h | 0.08 bcd | 0.08 bcd | |
| Shaheen Basmati | 0.62 b-g | 0.58 b-g | 0.09 bc | 0.08 bcd | |
Table 4 Effects of drought stress on K+ concentrations in straw and grains of different rice genotypes. mmol/g
| Genotype | K+ in straw | K+ in grains | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Drought stress | Control | Drought stress | ||
| 99404 | 0.50 ghi | 0.33 j | 0.06 def | 0.05 ef | |
| 99417 | 0.65 b-f | 0.51 f-i | 0.09 bc | 0.07 cde | |
| Super Basmati | 0.67 bcd | 0.57 c-g | 0.07 cde | 0.06 def | |
| KS-282 | 0.82 a | 0.66 b-e | 0.14 a | 0.09 bc | |
| KSK-434 | 0.53 d-h | 0.38 ij | 0.06 def | 0.07 def | |
| KSK-133 | 0.72 ab | 0.49 ghi | 0.10 b | 0.08 bcd | |
| Basmati-2000 | 0.66 b-e | 0.60 b-g | 0.07 cd | 0.05 ef | |
| KS-432 | 0.69 abc | 0.61 b-g | 0.08 bcd | 0.06 def | |
| Basmati-515 | 0.49 ghi | 0.39 hij | 0.06 def | 0.05 ef | |
| Basmati-385 | 0.59 b-g | 0.52 e-h | 0.08 bcd | 0.08 bcd | |
| Shaheen Basmati | 0.62 b-g | 0.58 b-g | 0.09 bc | 0.08 bcd | |
Fig. 1. Effects of drought stress on grain length and grain width of rice genotypes. ===Data are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters above the bar indicate significant difference according to the least significant difference test at the 0.05 level.
Fig. 2. Effects of drought stress on broken fraction and total milling recovery of rice genotypes. ===Data are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters above the bar indicate significant difference according to the least significant difference test at the 0.05 level.
| Genotype | Control | Drought stress |
|---|---|---|
| 99404 | None | 9 |
| Super Basmati | None | 5 |
| KS-282 | None | 5 |
Table 5 Effects of drought stress on chalkiness score on grains of different rice genotypes.
| Genotype | Control | Drought stress |
|---|---|---|
| 99404 | None | 9 |
| Super Basmati | None | 5 |
| KS-282 | None | 5 |
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