Two rice genotypes with different drought tolerance, namely Jin 23B (drought tolerant) and Zhenshan 97B (drought sensitive), were used to study the antioxidant enzyme activities, soluble sugar and starch contents in spikelets, pistil water potential and pollen number on a stigma under water-deficit stress at the flowering stage, which were involved in the spikelet sterility. Compared with respective controls, drought stress induced more serious decreases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and more significant increase of malonaldehyde (MDA) content in spikekets of Zhenshan 97B than in Jin 23B on 9 and 12 days after water stress (DAWS). The soluble sugar and starch contents increased significantly in spikelets of Jin 23B, but decreased significantly in spikelets of Zhenshan 97B during 9–12 DAWS. The pistil maintained higher water potential in Jin 23B than in Zhenshan 97B during 3–6 DAWS and 9–12 DAWS. In addition, water stress induced more significant decrease in the pollen number on a stigma as well as the percentage of unfilled grains in Zhenshan 97B than in Jin 23B. Thus, it is suggested that water stress induced spikelet sterility by damaging antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing carbohydrate content in spikelets and decreasing pistil water potential at the flowering stage in rice.
FU Guan-fu, SONG Jian, LI Yu-rong, YUE Ming-kai, XIONG Jie, TAO Long-xing
. Alterations of Panicle Antioxidant Metabolism and Carbohydrate Content and Pistil Water Potential Involved in Spikelet Sterility in Rice under Water-Deficit Stress[J]. Rice Science, 2010
, 17(4)
: 303
-310
.
DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(09)60031-7
Aebi H. 1984. Catalase in vitro. In: Packer L. Methods in Enzymology. Orlando: Academic Press: 121–126.
Beauchamp C, Fridovich I. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: Improved assay and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem, 44: 276–287.
Belder P, Bouman B A M, Cabangon R, Lu G A, Quilang E J P, Li Y H, Spiertz J H J, Tuong T P. 2004. Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia. Agric Water Manage, 65(3):193–210.
Boonrat J, Grienggrai P, Shu F K, Ken F C. 2006. Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice: An example from Thailand. Agric Water Manage, 80: 225–240.
Bouman B A M, Peng S, Castañeda A R, Visperas R M. 2005.Yield and water use of irrigated tropical aerobic rice systems. Agric Water Manage, 74(2): 87–105.
Chance B, Maehly A C. 1955. Assay of catalases and peroxidases. In: Colowick S P, Kaplan N O. Methods in Enzymology. New York: Academic Press: 764–775.
Colom M R, Vazzana C. 2003. Photosynthesis and PSII functionality of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive weeping lovegrass plants. Environ Exp Bot, 49: 135–144.
Clément C, Mischler P, Burrus M, Audran J C. 1997. Characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus and CO2-fixation in the flower bud of Lilium: II. Anther. Int J Plant Sci, 158: 801–810.
Clément C, Audran J C. 1999. Anther carbohydrates during in vivo and in vitro pollen development. In: Clément C, Pacini E, Audran J C. Anther and Pollen: From Biology to Biotechnology. Berlin: Springer: 69–90.
Dalton S D, Russel S A, Hanus F J , Pascoe G A, Evans H J. 1986. Enzymatic reactions of ascorbate and glutathione that prevent peroxide damage in soy bean root nodules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83: 3811–3815.
Datta R, Chamusco K C, Chourey P S. 2002. Starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation is associated with altered patterns of gene expression in maize. Plant Physiol, 130: 1645–1656.
Dubois M, Gilles K A, Hamilton J K, Rebers P A, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Anal Chem, 28: 350–356.
Ekanayake I J, Steponkus P L, De Datta S K. 1990. Sensitivity of pollen to water deficits at anthesis in upland rice. Crop Sci, 30: 310–315.
Fischer R A. 1973. The effect of water stress at various stages of development on yield processes in wheat. In: Slatyer R O. Plant Responses to Climatic Factors. Paris: UNESCO, 233–241.
Goetz M, Godt D E, Guivarc’h A, Kahmann U, Chriqui D, Roitsch T. 2001. Induction of male sterility in plants by metabolic engineering of the carbohydrate supply. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98: 6522– 6527.
Heath D, Brewer D, Hicken P. 1968. Cor Pulmonale in Emphysema: Mechanisms and Pathology. Illinois: Springfield: 94.
Hu J C, Jiang D, Cao W X, Luo W H. 2004. Effect of short-term drought on leaf water potential, photosynthesis and dry matter partitioning in paddy rice. J Appl Ecol, 15(1): 63–67.
Jung S. 2004. Variation in antioxidant metabolism of young and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to drought. Plant Sci, 166: 459–466.
Li H S. 2000. Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiment. Beijing: Higher Education Press: 260–263. (in Chinese)
Lilley J M, Ludlow M M. 1996. Expression of osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance in diverse rice lines. Field Crops Res, 48: 185–197.
O'Toole J C, Moya T B. 1981. Water deficits and yield in upland rice. Field Crops Res, 4: 247–259.
O'Toole J C, Namuco O S. 1983. Role of panicle exsertion in water stress induced sterility. Crop Sci, 23: 1093–1097.
Pacini E. 1994. Cell biology of anther development. In: William E G, Clarke A E, Knox R B. Genetic Control of Self- Incompatibility and Reproductive Development in Flowering Plants. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publisher: 289–308.
Pacini E, Franchi G G. 1988. Amylogenesis and amylosis during pollen grain development. In: Cresti M, Gori P, Pacini E. Sexual Reproduction in Higher Plants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 181– 186.
Pallavi S, Rama S D. 2005. Drought induces oxidative stress and enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings. Plant Growth Regul, 46: 209–221.
Pan R Z. 2004 Plant Physiology. Beijing: Higher Education Press: 296–298.
Pieters A J, Souki S E. 2005. Effects of drought during grain filling on PSII activity in rice. J Plant Physiol, 162: 903–911.
Sairam R K, Saxena D C. 2000. Oxidative stress and antioxidants in wheat genotypes: Possible mechanism of water stress tolerance. J Agron Crop Sci, 184: 55–61.
Satake T, Yoshida S. 1978. High temperature induced sterility in indica rice at flowering. Jpn J Crop Sci, 47(1): 1–17.
Scandalios J G. 1993. Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutases. Plant Physiol, 101: 7–12.
Selote D S, Khanna-Chopra R. 2004. Drought-induced spikelet sterility is associated with an inefficient antioxidant defence in rice panicles. Physiol Plant, 121: 462–471.
Sudhir P, Murthy S D S. 2004. Effects of salt stress on basic processes of photosynthesis. Photosynthetica, 42(4): 481–486.
Vu J C V, Yelenosky G, Bausher M G. 1985. Photosynthetic activity in the flower buds of ‘Valencia’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Plant Physiol, 78: 420–423.
Wang L, Hu N, Zhang T, Ding S Y. 2007. Effect of drought and rewatering on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of the soybean leaf. Acta Ecol Sin, 27(9): 3630–3636. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang W, Zhang J H, Yang J C, Zhu Q S. 2004. Effects of controlled soil drought on remobilization of stem-stored carbohydrate and grain filling of wheat with unfavorably-delayed senescence. Acta Agron Sin, 30(10): 1019–1025. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang X, Tao L X, Tan H J, Chen S H. 2006. Inovating rice farming systems, ensuring food and environments safety. Sci Agric Sin, 39(10): 1984–1991.
Weiss D, Schonfeld M, Halevy A H. 1988. Photosynthetic activities in the Petunia corolla. Plant Physiol, 87: 667–670.
Xu Z Z, Zhou G S. 2006. Nitrogen metabolism and photosynthesis in Leymus chinensis in response to long-term soil drought. J Plant Growth Regul, 25: 252–266.
Yang J C, Liu K, Zhang S F, Wang X M, Wang Z Q, Liu L J. 2008. Hormones in rice spikelets in responses to water stress during meiosis. Acta Agron Sin, 34(1): 111−118. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhao J H, Wang S, Zhao H, Wang J. 2008. The response of three crop drought indices to spring wheat water stress over semi-arid region in northwest China. Acta Ecol Sin, 28(4): 1646–1654. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang W X, Zhu D F, Xu Y C, Lin X Q, Zhang Y P, Chen H Z, Zhao Z, Zhou P. 2008. Grain morphological traits measured based on vision detection technology and their relation to grain weight in rice under different water condition. Acta Agron Sin, 34(10): 1826−1835. (in Chinese with English abstract)
