Low Light During Grain Filling Stage Deteriorates Rice Cooking Quality, but not Nutritional Value
Corresponding author:LI Tian(lit@sicau.edu.cn)
Received date: 2014-12-01
Accepted date: 2015-04-21
Online published: 2015-05-27
To investigate the effect of low light (LL, 50% natural light) during grain filling (GF) stage on rice transamination, amino acid (AA) accumulation, nutritional value, and cooking quality in three different rice genotypes, transaminase activities and AA levels in grains during GF stage and the traits that significantly affected rice quality (physical appearance, cooking quality, and nutritional value) were analyzed. LL did not disturb transamination in rice grains during GF stage, as minimal impact was found on alanine and aspartate transaminase activities. Nevertheless, most AAs in caryopses, including lysine and threonine, increased in response to LL, except for sulfur-containing AAs. These results suggest that AA metabolism and accumulation in rice grains were rarely suppressed by LL during GF stage. Rice nutritional ingredients at harvest, such as major protein components including glutelin and most important essential amino acids (EAAs) including lysine and threonine, increased significantly in response to LL, whereas most protein and EAA ratios were rarely affected. However, LL markedly affected physical appearance of rice grains by reducing brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and 1000-grain weight and increasing the chalkiness rate. In addition, cooking qualities decreased in response to LL, while breakdown values and amylose levels decreased and setback values increased. We concluded that LL during GF stage decreased the cooking quality of rice, but could potentially improve the nutritional value of rice.
Cheng-gang Liang, Jia Liu, Yan Wang, Dan Xiong, Chun-bang Ding, Tian Li . Low Light During Grain Filling Stage Deteriorates Rice Cooking Quality, but not Nutritional Value[J]. Rice Science, 2015 , 22(4) : 197 -206 . DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(14)60298-5
| 1 | Blakesley R W, Boezi J A.1977. A new staining technique for proteins in polyacrylamide gels using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G250. Anal Biochem, 82: 580-582. |
| 2 | Borah R C, Bakuah A M.1995. Effect of light stress on chlorophyll, starch, protein content and grain yield in rice. Ind J Plant Physiol, 38: 320-321. |
| 3 | Champagne E T, Bett K L, Vinyard B T, McClung A M, Barton F E, Moldenhauer K, Linscombe S, McKenzie K.1999. Correlation between cooked rice texture and rapid visco analyser measurements.Cereal Chem, 76: 764-771. |
| 4 | Fitzgerald M A, McCouch S R, Hall R D.2009. Not just a grain of rice: The quest for quality.Trends Plant Sci, 14: 133-139. |
| 5 | Fuller M F. Garlick P J.1994. Human amino acid requirements: Can the controversy be resolved.Annu Rev Nutr, 14: 217-241. |
| 6 | Hamaker B R.1994. The influence of rice protein on rice quality.Food Sci Tech-New York-Marcel Dekker: 177-194. |
| 7 | Huang W.1998. Agricultural Natural Resources. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese) |
| 8 | Shi P, Kong F, Feng J.2014. Spatio-temporal patterns of China decadal storm rainfall.Sci Geogr Sin, 34: 1281-1290. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 9 | Islam M S, Morison J I L.1992. Influence of solar radiation and temperature on irrigated rice grain yield in Bangladesh.Field Crop Res, 30: 13-28. |
| 10 | Jackson A A.1983. Amino acids: Essential and non-essential?Lancet, 321: 1034-1037. |
| 11 | Juliano B O, Bressani R, Elias L G.1971. Evaluation of the protein quality and milled rices differing in protein content.J Agric Food Chem, 19: 1028-1034. |
| 12 | Kato T.1986. Effects of the shading and rachis-branch clipping on the grain-filling process of rice cultivars differing in the grain size. Jpn J Crop Sci, 55: 252-260. |
| 13 | Kizaki Y, Ohara A, Henmi A, Aramaki I, Kobayashi S Y, Okazaki N.1993. Difference in protein body components among rice cultivars used for sake brewing.J Brew Soc Jpn, 88: 326-331. |
| 14 | Kobata T, Sugawara M, Takatu S.2000. Shading during the early grain filling period does not affect potential grain dry matter increase in rice. Agron J, 92: 411-417. |
| 15 | Li H, Cai J, Jiang D, Liu F, Dai T, Cao W.2013. Carbohydrates accumulation and remobilization in wheat plants as influenced by combined waterlogging and shading stress during grain filling.J Agron Crop Sci, 199: 38-48. |
| 16 | Li T, Ohsugi R, Yamagishi T, Sasaki H.2006. Effects of weak light on starch accumulation and starch synthesis enzyme activities in rice at the grain filling stage.Rice Sci, 13(1): 51-58. |
| 17 | Liang C G, Chen L P, Wang Y, Liu J, Xu G L, Li T.2011. High temperature at grain-filling stage affects nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in grains and grain nutritional quality in rice.Rice Sci, 18(3): 210-216. |
| 18 | Liang C G, Zhang Q, Xu G L, Wang Y, Ohsugi R, Li T.2013. High temperature during rice grain filling stage enhances aspartate metabolism in grains and results in accumulation of aspartate-family amino acids and protein.Rice Sci, 20(5): 343-348. |
| 19 | Liu L, Wang L, Deng F, Huang Y, Liu D Y, Ren W J, Yang W Y.2012. Osmotic regulation substance contents and activities of protective enzymes in leaves of different hybird rice combinations as affected by shading.Chin J Rice Sci, 26(5): 569-575. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 20 | Liu Q H, Li T, Zhang J J.2006. Effects of early stage shading on function leaf growth at grain-filling stage and on grain quality of rice.Chin J Ecol, 25: 1167-1172. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 21 | Liu Q H, Wu X, Chen B C, Ma J Q, Gao J.2014. Effects of low light on agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice including grain yield and quality.Rice Sci, 21(5): 243-251. |
| 22 | Lu Z H, Sasaki T, Li Y Y, Yoshihashi T, Li L T, Kohyama K.2009. Effect of amylose content and rice type on dynamic viscoelasticity of a composite rice starch gel.Food Hydrocoll, 23: 1712-1719. |
| 23 | Martin M, Fitzgerald M A.2002. Proteins in rice grains influence cooking properties.J Cereal Sci, 36: 285-294. |
| 24 | Matsue Y, Odahara K, Hiramatsu M.1995. Differences in amylose content, amylographic characteristics and storage proteins of grains on primary and secondary rachis branches in rice.Jpn J Crop Sci, 64: 601-606. |
| 25 | Miflin B J, Lea P J.1976. The pathway of nitrogen assimilation in plants.Phytochem, 15: 873-885. |
| 26 | Murty K S, Sahu G.1987. Impact of low-light stress on growth and yield of rice. In: Weather and Rice: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Impact of Weather Parameters on Growth and Yield of Rice. Manila, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 93-101. |
| 27 | Nishizawa N, Kurosawa N, Kan M, Itabshi H, Hareyama S I.1990. Protein quality of high-yielding rice and its improvement by supplementation of lysine and threonine.Agric Biol Chem, 54: 399-406. |
| 28 | Perez E, Bahnassey Y A, Breene W M.1993. Some chemical, physical, and functional properties of native and modified starches of Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus cruentus.Starch-Stärke, 45: 215-220. |
| 29 | Radhika Reddy K, Subramanian R, Zakiuddin Ali S, Bhattacharya K R.1994. Viscoelastic properties of rice-flour pastes and their relationship to amylose content and rice quality.Cereal Chem, 71: 548-552. |
| 30 | Ramesh M, Ali S Z, Bhattacharya K R.1999. Structure of rice starch and its relation to cooked-rice texture.Carbohyd Polym, 38: 337-347. |
| 31 | Ravanel S, Gakière B, Job D, Douce R.1998. The specific features of methionine biosynthesis and metabolism in plants.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95: 7805-7812. |
| 32 | Ren W J, Yang W Y, Xu J, Fan G Q, Ma Z H.2003. Effect of low light on grains growth and quality in rice.Chin J Acta Agron Sin, 29: 785-790. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 33 | Shewry P R, Halford N G.2002. Cereal seed storage proteins: Structures, properties and role in grain utilization.J Exp Bot, 53: 947-958. |
| 34 | Shu Q Y, Wu D X, Xia Y W, Gao M W, McClung A.1998. Relationship between RVA profile character and eating quality in Oryza sativa L.Sci Agric Sin, 31: 25-29. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| 35 | Singh S, Dhaliwal Y S, Nagi H, Kalia M.1998. Quality characteristics of six rice varieties of Himachal Pradesh.J Food Sci Tech, 35: 74-78. |
| 36 | Standards of the Agricultural Department, People’s Republic of China, 1989. Methods for Rice Quality Assay (NY147-88). Beijing, China: Chinese Standards Press. (in Chinese) |
| 37 | Stanhill G, Cohen S.2001. Global dimming: A review of the evidence for a widespread and significant reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural consequences.Agric For Meteorol, 107: 255-278. |
| 38 | Vamadevan V K, Murty K S.1976. Influence of meteorological elements on productivity. In: Jaiswal P L. Rice Production Manual. New Delhi, India: Indian Council of Agricultural Research: 56-63. |
| 39 | Viji M M, Thangaraj M, Jayapragasam M.1997. Effect of low light on photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency and Hill reaction in rice (Oryza sativa L.).J Agron Crop Sci, 178: 193-196. |
| 40 | Wang L, Deng F, Ren W J, Yang W Y.2013. Effects of shading on starch pasting characteristics of indica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.).PLoS One, 8: e68220. |
| 41 | Wu D, Su X.2008. Research and Utilize of Rice Protein. Beijing, China: China Agriculture Press. (in Chinese) |
| 42 | Wu L, Jiang S, Tao Q.1998. Colorimetric measurement method of plant transaminase (GOT and GPT) activities and its application.Chin J Soil Sci, 29: 136-138. (in Chinese) |
| 43 | Yamagata H, Tanaka K.1986. The site of synthesis and accumulation of rice storage proteins.Plant Cell Physiol, 27: 135-145. |
| 44 | Yamakawa H, Hakata M.2010. Atlas of rice grain filling-related metabolism under high temperature: Joint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome demonstrated inhibition of starch accumulation and induction of amino acid accumulation. Plant Cell Physiol, 51: 795-809. |
| 45 | Yu S, Ma Y, Sun D W.2009. Impact of amylose content on starch retrogradation and texture of cooked milled rice during storage.J Cereal Sci, 50: 139-144. |
| 46 | Zhang X Y, Wang Y Q, Niu T, Zhang X C, Gong S L, Zhang Y M, Sun J Y.2012. Atmospheric aerosol compositions in China: Spatial/temporal variability, chemical signature, regional haze distribution and comparisons with global aerosols.Atmos Chem Phys, 12: 779-799. |
| 47 | (Managing Editor: Wang Caihong) |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |