Physiological Age Status of Female Adults and Off-Season Survival of Rice Leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in India
Received date: 2015-01-24
Accepted date: 2015-07-30
Online published: 2015-07-24
Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is one of the major foliage feeders found in the rice growing regions in India. When the crop was at maturity, numerous adults of rice leaffolder were found in the rice fields though the larval population gradually decreased, and no eggs were found on rice leaves. The population characteristics of C. medinalis were assessed based on the physiological age status of adults at different crop growth stages. Based on egg development within ovarioles, ovariole appearance, number and colour of fat bodies, and characteristics of bursa copulatrix, physiological age status of the adults was described, which served as a basis for the determination of age composition. C. medinalis adults were found during the first week of August on rice plants, of which 44% were in Age 0 with immature ovaries, indicating immigrants. However, 28% adults each were at Ages 1-2 with developing ovaries, indicating local breeding population. The carryover and off-season survival of C. medinalis were also studied to determine the contribution of the alternative hosts in the population growth that helped in devising efficient management strategies. Rice was the most preferred host followed by Triticum aestivum, Echinochloa crusgulli and Brachiaria plantaginea. Various routes of the carryover of C. medinalis from season to season were discussed.
Key words： rice leaffolder; physiological age; carryover; off-season survival; alternative host; ovariole; weed
Chintalapati Padmavathi, Gururaj Katti, Vallabuni Sailaja, Yenumulag Prasad . Physiological Age Status of Female Adults and Off-Season Survival of Rice Leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in India[J]. Rice Science, 2015 , 22(5) : 237 -244 . DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(14)60304-8
| [1] | Barrion A J, Litsinger J A, Medina E B, Aguda R M, Bandong J P, Pantua P C, Viajantc V D, Dela Cruz C G, Vega C R, Soriano J S, Camang E E, Saxena R C, Tryon E H, Shephard B M.1993. Rice Cnaphalocrocis and Marasmia (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) leaffolder complex in the Philippines: Taxonomy, bionomics and control.Phil Entomol, 8(4): 987-1074. |
| [2] | Chang S S, Lo Z C, Keng C G, Li G Z, Chen X L, Wo X W.1980. Studies on the migration of the rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée.Acta Entomol Sin, 23: 130-140. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [3] | Directorate of Rice Research.2005-2013. Progress Reports: II. Crop Protection (Entomology & Plant Pathology). All India Co-ordinated Rice Improvement Programme (ICAR). Directorate of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. |
| [4] | Fabellar L N, Fabellar N G, Heong K L.1994. Simulating rice leaffolder feeding effects on yield using macros.Int Rice Res Notes, 19: 7-81. |
| [5] | Fu X W, Li C, Feng H Q, Liu Z F, Chapman J W, Reynolds D R, Wu K M.2014. Seasonal migration of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) over the Bohai Sea in northern China.Bull Entomol Res, 104(5): 601-609. |
| [6] | Huang X Q, Wu C Z, Hong F L.1981. Discussion on the sources of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée according to the development stage of the ovary.Insect Knowl, 18(2): 52-54. (in Chinese) |
| [7] | Inoue H, Kamiwada H, Fukamachi S.2004. Seasonal changes in adult density and female mating status of the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in paddy fields of Southern Kyushu, Japan.Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool, 48(3): 177-183. |
| [8] | Johnson C G.1963. Physiological factors in insect migration by flight.Nature, 198: 423-427. |
| [9] | Kaushik C.2010. Extent of damage by leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) in paddy cultivars at Raiganj, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal.Curr Biot, 4: 365-367. |
| [10] | Khan Z R, Abenes M L P, Fernandez M J.1996. Suitability of graminaceous weed species as host plants for rice leaffolders, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Marasmia patnalis. Crop Prot, 15(2): 121-127. |
| [11] | Khan Z R, Barrion A T, Litsinger J A, Castilla N P, Joshi R C.1988. A bibliography of rice leaffolders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).Insect Sci Appl, 9: 129-174. |
| [12] | Khan Z R, Rueda B P, Caballero P.1989. Behavioral and physiological responses of rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis to selected wild rices.Entomol Exp Appl, 52: 7-13. |
| [13] | Kushwaha K S.1988. Leaffolder (LF) epidemic in haryana (India).Int Rice Res Notes, 13: 16-17. |
| [14] | Li S W, Yang H, Liu Y F, Liao Q R, Du J, Jin D C.2012. Transcriptome and gene expression analysis of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis.PLoS One, 7: e47401. |
| [15] | Liao H J, Huang J R, Liu X D.2012. The method for mass rearing of rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis using maize seedlings.Chin J Appl Entomol, 49: 1078-1082. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [16] | Luo S J.2010. Occurrence of rice leaf roller in China and its identification and prevention. Plant Dis Pests, 1: 13-18. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [17] | National Coordinated Research Team on Rice Leaf Roller 1981. Advances in studies on the migration of rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in China.Sci Agric Sin, 14(5): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [18] | Padmavathi C, Katti G, Padmakumari A P, Voleti S R, Subba Rao L V.2013. The effect of leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) injury on the plant physiology and yield loss in rice.J Appl Entomol, 137: 249-256. |
| [19] | Park H H, Park C G, Park H M, Uhm K B.2006. Rearing system for rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) using corn seedlings.Kor J Appl Entomol, 45: 91-95. (in Korean with English abstract) |
| [20] | Qi G J, Lu F, Gao Y, Liang J L, Ri Q, Zhang X X, Di B P, Lu L H.2011. Analysis of a migration process and the source population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in 2010.Acta Entomol Sin, 54(10): 1194-1203. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [21] | Riley J R, Reynolds D R, Smith A D, Edwards A S, Zhang X X, Cheng X N, Wang H K, Cheng J Y, Zhai B P.1995. Observations of the autumn migration of the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and other moths in eastern China.Bull Entomol Res, 85(3): 397-414. |
| [22] | SAS Institute Inc.2008. SAS/STAT User’s Guide: Statistics, version 9.2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA. |
| [23] | Saxena K N, Gandhi J R, Saxena R C.1974. Patterns of relationship between certain leafhoppers and plants: I. Responses to plants.Entomol Exp Appl, 17: 303-318. |
| [24] | Shanmugam T R, Sendhil R, Thirumalvalavan V.2006. Quantification and prioritization of constraints causing yield loss in rice (Oryza sativa) in India.Agric Trop Subtrop, 39: 194-204. |
| [25] | Shono Y, Hirano M.1989. Improved mass rearing of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) using corn seedlings.Appl Entomol Zool, 24: 258-263. |
| [26] | Wada T, Kobayashi M, Shimazu M.1980. Seasonal changes of the proportions of mated females in the field population of the rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).Appl Entomol Zool, 15(1): 81-89. |
| [27] | Wada T, Kobayashi M.1982. Mating status depending on the growing of the rice plant in the population of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).Appl Entomol Zool, 17(2): 278-281. |
| [28] | Wada T, Shimazu M.1978. Seasonal population trends of the rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in the paddy fields at Chikugo in 1977. Proc Assoc Plant Prot, Kyushu, 24: 77-79. (in Japanese with English abstract) |
| [29] | Waldbauer G P, Marciano A P, Pathak P K.1980. Life-span and fecundity of adult rice leaffolders, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on sugar sources, including honeydew from the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).Bull Entomol Res, 70(1): 65-71. |
| [30] | Wang F Y, Zhang X X, Zhai B P.2010. Flight and re-migration capacity of rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).Acta Entomol Sin, 53(11): 1265-1272. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [31] | Wu J C.1985. Effect of changing photoperiod, temperature and food quality on the migration of rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée.Acta Entomol Sin, 28(4): 398-405. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
| [32] | Zhang X X, Geng J G, Zhou W J.1981. Studies of the migration patterns of rice leafroller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in China.J Nanjing Agric Univ, 4(3): 43-54. (in Chinese) |
| [33] | Zhou L Y, Zhang X X, Cheng J Y.1995. Trajectory analysis of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée for Huaihe and Yangtze River rice areas.J Nanjing Agric Univ, 18(2): 53-58. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |