Rice Science ›› 2023, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 321-334.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2023.02.002
收稿日期:
2022-10-13
接受日期:
2023-02-24
出版日期:
2023-07-28
发布日期:
2023-05-26
. [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(4): 321-334.
Factor | Final germination (%) | Germination energy (%) | Mean germination time (d) | Germination rate index (seed/d) | Root length (cm) | Shoot length (cm) | Seedling vigor index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype (G) | |||||||
RD31 | 82.1 ± 1.4 f | 64.8 ± 1.4 f | 4.8 ± 0.03 a | 55.0 ± 1.0 g | 2.5 ± 0.1 b | 5.3 ± 0.2 d | 679.1 ± 23.9 ef |
RD41 | 83.9 ± 1.4 ef | 72.2 ± 1.7 de | 4.8 ± 0.02 b | 58.4 ± 1.0 ef | 1.9 ± 0.1 de | 5.5 ± 0.1 cd | 644.8 ± 20.7 f |
RD57 | 85.4 ± 1.4 de | 71.7 ± 1.4 de | 4.6 ± 0.03 ef | 61.7 ± 1.1 d | 2.7 ± 0.2 ab | 5.6 ± 0.2 bc | 733.0 ± 17.1 cd |
RD71 | 85.4 ± 1.5 de | 67.4 ± 1.2 f | 4.8 ± 0.03 bc | 57.5 ± 1.1 f | 2.0 ± 0.1 cd | 4.9 ± 0.1 e | 603.3 ± 18.1 g |
RD77 | 86.9 ± 1.3 cd | 74.1 ± 1.3 cd | 4.7 ± 0.01 de | 61.3 ± 0.8 d | 2.1 ± 0.1 cd | 5.8 ± 0.1 b | 702.3 ± 17.5 de |
RD79 | 83.6 ± 1.1 ef | 70.7 ± 1.3 e | 4.7 ± 0.03 cd | 58.7 ± 1.0 ef | 2.2 ± 0.1 c | 5.3 ± 0.1 d | 651.2 ± 14.0 f |
RD85 | 91.9 ± 0.9 a | 88.0 ± 0.9 a | 4.5 ± 0.01 h | 73.6 ± 0.6 a | 2.7 ± 0.1 ab | 6.5 ± 0.1 a | 851.0 ± 11.4 a |
RD87 | 88.5 ± 1.1 bc | 81.0 ± 1.0 b | 4.5 ± 0.02 h | 69.4 ± 0.6 b | 2.8 ± 0.1 a | 5.9 ± 0.1 b | 771.6 ± 17.7 b |
RD35 | 89.7 ± 1.0 ab | 83.6 ± 1.3 b | 4.6 ± 0.03 fg | 66.8 ± 0.9 c | 1.9 ± 0.1 de | 6.3 ± 0.1 a | 750.7 ± 12.4 bc |
Azucena | 85.9 ± 1.4 cde | 75.0 ± 1.5 c | 4.7 ± 0.02 cd | 59.1 ± 0.9 ef | 2.8 ± 0.1 ab | 5.5 ± 0.1 cd | 728.7 ± 15.1 cd |
IR64 | 78.3 ± 1.3 g | 73.2 ± 1.3 cde | 4.6 ± 0.02 g | 60.4 ± 1.0 de | 1.8 ± 0.1 e | 4.8 ± 0.1 e | 554.7 ± 13.2 h |
Fe level (Fe, mg/L) | |||||||
0 (control) | 92.9 ± 1.2 a | 92.9 ± 1.3 a | 4.4 ± 0.01 d | 78.8 ± 0.9 a | 3.2 ± 0.1 b | 7.0 ± 0.1 b | 950.5 ± 21.9 b |
150 | 90.6 ± 1.4 b | 90.6 ± 1.4 b | 4.4 ± 0.01 d | 76.5 ± 1.1 b | 3.7 ± 0.1 a | 7.5 ± 0.1 a | 1 014.0 ± 24.2 a |
300 | 88.4 ± 1.1 c | 75.9 ± 1.2 c | 4.6 ± 0.02 c | 62.9 ± 0.8 c | 2.2 ± 0.1 c | 5.5 ± 0.1 c | 684.9 ± 14.1 c |
600 | 84.0 ± 1.1 d | 65.5 ± 1.2 d | 4.8 ± 0.03 b | 53.4 ± 0.8 d | 1.4 ± 0.1 d | 4.6 ± 0.1 d | 516.1 ± 11.6 d |
900 | 72.1 ± 1.4 e | 48.6 ± 1.4 e | 5.1 ± 0.04 a | 38.3 ± 0.9 e | 1.1 ± 0.1 e | 3.3 ± 0.1 e | 321.0 ± 10.6 e |
G | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
G × Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Table 1. Individual effect of genotype and iron (Fe) level on germination parameters of tested rice genotypes.
Factor | Final germination (%) | Germination energy (%) | Mean germination time (d) | Germination rate index (seed/d) | Root length (cm) | Shoot length (cm) | Seedling vigor index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype (G) | |||||||
RD31 | 82.1 ± 1.4 f | 64.8 ± 1.4 f | 4.8 ± 0.03 a | 55.0 ± 1.0 g | 2.5 ± 0.1 b | 5.3 ± 0.2 d | 679.1 ± 23.9 ef |
RD41 | 83.9 ± 1.4 ef | 72.2 ± 1.7 de | 4.8 ± 0.02 b | 58.4 ± 1.0 ef | 1.9 ± 0.1 de | 5.5 ± 0.1 cd | 644.8 ± 20.7 f |
RD57 | 85.4 ± 1.4 de | 71.7 ± 1.4 de | 4.6 ± 0.03 ef | 61.7 ± 1.1 d | 2.7 ± 0.2 ab | 5.6 ± 0.2 bc | 733.0 ± 17.1 cd |
RD71 | 85.4 ± 1.5 de | 67.4 ± 1.2 f | 4.8 ± 0.03 bc | 57.5 ± 1.1 f | 2.0 ± 0.1 cd | 4.9 ± 0.1 e | 603.3 ± 18.1 g |
RD77 | 86.9 ± 1.3 cd | 74.1 ± 1.3 cd | 4.7 ± 0.01 de | 61.3 ± 0.8 d | 2.1 ± 0.1 cd | 5.8 ± 0.1 b | 702.3 ± 17.5 de |
RD79 | 83.6 ± 1.1 ef | 70.7 ± 1.3 e | 4.7 ± 0.03 cd | 58.7 ± 1.0 ef | 2.2 ± 0.1 c | 5.3 ± 0.1 d | 651.2 ± 14.0 f |
RD85 | 91.9 ± 0.9 a | 88.0 ± 0.9 a | 4.5 ± 0.01 h | 73.6 ± 0.6 a | 2.7 ± 0.1 ab | 6.5 ± 0.1 a | 851.0 ± 11.4 a |
RD87 | 88.5 ± 1.1 bc | 81.0 ± 1.0 b | 4.5 ± 0.02 h | 69.4 ± 0.6 b | 2.8 ± 0.1 a | 5.9 ± 0.1 b | 771.6 ± 17.7 b |
RD35 | 89.7 ± 1.0 ab | 83.6 ± 1.3 b | 4.6 ± 0.03 fg | 66.8 ± 0.9 c | 1.9 ± 0.1 de | 6.3 ± 0.1 a | 750.7 ± 12.4 bc |
Azucena | 85.9 ± 1.4 cde | 75.0 ± 1.5 c | 4.7 ± 0.02 cd | 59.1 ± 0.9 ef | 2.8 ± 0.1 ab | 5.5 ± 0.1 cd | 728.7 ± 15.1 cd |
IR64 | 78.3 ± 1.3 g | 73.2 ± 1.3 cde | 4.6 ± 0.02 g | 60.4 ± 1.0 de | 1.8 ± 0.1 e | 4.8 ± 0.1 e | 554.7 ± 13.2 h |
Fe level (Fe, mg/L) | |||||||
0 (control) | 92.9 ± 1.2 a | 92.9 ± 1.3 a | 4.4 ± 0.01 d | 78.8 ± 0.9 a | 3.2 ± 0.1 b | 7.0 ± 0.1 b | 950.5 ± 21.9 b |
150 | 90.6 ± 1.4 b | 90.6 ± 1.4 b | 4.4 ± 0.01 d | 76.5 ± 1.1 b | 3.7 ± 0.1 a | 7.5 ± 0.1 a | 1 014.0 ± 24.2 a |
300 | 88.4 ± 1.1 c | 75.9 ± 1.2 c | 4.6 ± 0.02 c | 62.9 ± 0.8 c | 2.2 ± 0.1 c | 5.5 ± 0.1 c | 684.9 ± 14.1 c |
600 | 84.0 ± 1.1 d | 65.5 ± 1.2 d | 4.8 ± 0.03 b | 53.4 ± 0.8 d | 1.4 ± 0.1 d | 4.6 ± 0.1 d | 516.1 ± 11.6 d |
900 | 72.1 ± 1.4 e | 48.6 ± 1.4 e | 5.1 ± 0.04 a | 38.3 ± 0.9 e | 1.1 ± 0.1 e | 3.3 ± 0.1 e | 321.0 ± 10.6 e |
G | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
G × Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Fig. 1. Leaf-bronzing score (LBS) of 11 rice genotypes exposed to five iron (Fe) levels at 55 d after transplanting. Data are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters on bars for mean LBS are significantly different based on the Tukey’s honest significant difference test at P ≤ 0.05.
Factor | Plant height (cm) | Root length (m) | Shoot dry matter (g/plant) | Root dry matter (g/plant) | Tiller number per plant | Panicle number per plant | Filled grain ratio (%) | 1000-grain weight (g) | Grain yield (g/plant) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype (G) | ||||||||||||||
RD31 | 92.1 ± 1.9 bc | 128.9 ± 6.4 a | 86.5 ± 3.0 bc | 13.3 ± 0.5 cd | 23.6 ± 0.6 ab | 16.6 ± 0.7 ab | 78.6 ± 0.2 gh | 16.8 ± 0.7 cd | 19.1 ± 1.1 c | |||||
RD41 | 90.6 ± 3.6 bc | 129.1 ± 6.2 a | 71.9 ± 1.8 d | 13.4 ± 0.7 cd | 19.7 ± 0.5 d | 14.1 ± 0.8 cd | 81.6 ± 0.1 cde | 19.0 ± 0.8 ab | 19.4 ± 1.2 c | |||||
RD57 | 93.5 ± 2.0 b | 127.2 ± 7.7 a | 84.3 ± 1.4 c | 12.0 ± 1.2 d | 22.4 ± 0.5 bc | 16.5 ± 0.8 ab | 79.2 ± 0.1 fgh | 18.3 ± 0.3 b | 18.8 ± 1.0 c | |||||
RD71 | 91.7 ± 1.7 bc | 125.4 ± 7.7 a | 73.3 ± 1.3 d | 13.0 ± 0.5 cd | 21.4 ± 0.5 bcd | 14.8 ± 0.9 bcd | 81.2 ± 0.1 def | 19.2 ± 0.7 ab | 20.5 ± 0.8 bc | |||||
RD77 | 90.1 ± 2.7 bcd | 121.4 ± 6.7 a | 69.1 ± 2.3 de | 11.6 ± 0.7 d | 22.1 ± 0.8 bc | 16.4 ± 0.8 ab | 78.9 ± 0.2 gh | 18.8 ± 0.4 ab | 20.6 ± 0.8 bc | |||||
RD79 | 90.9 ± 2.4 bc | 121.4 ± 6.8 a | 90.1 ± 2.0 b | 13.8 ± 0.6 bcd | 21.7 ± 0.8 bcd | 16.1 ± 1.2 abc | 80.3 ± 0.4 efg | 18.8 ± 0.4 b | 20.9 ± 0.8 bc | |||||
RD85 | 84.8 ± 1.0 d | 125.9 ± 4.4 a | 68.5 ± 2.1 de | 17.2 ± 1.1 a | 22.2 ± 0.7 bc | 17.1 ± 0.7 a | 84.9 ± 0.3 b | 20.3 ± 0.5 a | 23.5 ± 0.8 a | |||||
RD87 | 87.9 ± 2.8 cd | 120.1 ± 6.9 a | 73.5 ± 1.8 d | 15.9 ± 1.4 ab | 21.0 ± 0.7 cd | 15.0 ± 1.1 bc | 82.9 ± 0.1 bcd | 19.5 ± 0.8 ab | 21.8 ± 0.5 ab | |||||
RD35 | 88.4 ± 3.4 bcd | 128.9 ± 8.0 a | 69.9 ± 1.0 de | 16.2 ± 0.5 a | 23.3 ± 0.8 zb | 15.2 ± 0.9 abc | 83.6 ± 0.3 bc | 18.2 ± 0.5 bc | 22.4 ± 0.8 ab | |||||
Azucena | 129.3 ± 2.7 a | 120.3 ± 10.2 a | 106.3 ± 1.8 a | 15.0 ± 0.6 abc | 11.3 ± 0.5 e | 7.0 ± 0.3 e | 93.7 ± 0.1 a | 18.8 ± 0.6 ab | 16.4 ± 0.6 d | |||||
IR64 | 76.0 ± 1.6 e | 126.7 ± 7.0 a | 64.6 ± 4.0 e | 16.5 ± 0.9 a | 24.7 ± 1.0 a | 13.0 ± 1.1 d | 78.0 ± 0.2 h | 16.5 ± 0.5 d | 19.0 ± 1.0 c | |||||
Fe level (Fe, mg/L) | ||||||||||||||
0 (control) | 92.1 ± 2.2 ab | 121.1 ± 8.8 c | 80.9 ± 1.6 c | 13.7 ± 0.8 c | 21.5 ± 0.7 bc | 15.5 ± 0.8 b | 81.3 ± 0.8 bc | 18.8 ± 0.4 c | 21.0 ± 0.9 c | |||||
150 | 94.3 ± 2.8 a | 134.6 ± 5.6 b | 89.6 ± 1.5 b | 17.5 ± 0.7 b | 22.5 ± 0.7 ab | 16.9 ± 0.9 a | 83.0 ± 1.2 ab | 19.9 ± 0.6 b | 23.6 ± 1.2 b | |||||
300 | 94.9 ± 2.7 a | 149.7 ± 7.1 a | 97.7 ± 2.4 a | 21.0 ± 1.0 a | 23.3 ± 0.7 a | 16.5 ± 1.0 ab | 83.2 ± 0.8 a | 20.8 ± 0.9 a | 25.2 ± 1.3 a | |||||
600 | 91.1 ± 1.6 b | 115.2 ± 7.5 c | 69.5 ± 2.2 d | 11.6 ± 0.9 d | 20.6 ± 0.6 c | 13.2 ± 0.8 c | 81.9 ± 1.0 c | 17.7 ± 0.4 d | 18.8 ± 0.4 d | |||||
900 | 89.1 ± 2.3 b | 104.6 ± 6.5 d | 52.3 ± 2.5 e | 7.9 ± 0.5 e | 18.2 ± 0.6 d | 11.3 ± 0.8 d | 81.0 ± 0.9 c | 15.6 ± 0.5 e | 12.5 ± 0.5 e | |||||
G | ** | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||
Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||
G × Fe | ns | ns | ** | ** | * | * | ** | ** | ** | |||||
Factor | SPAD value | Net photosynthetic rate [μmol/(m2∙s)] | Membrane stability index (%) | Leaf Fe content (mg/g) | Root Fe content (mg/g) | |||||||||
Genotype (G) | ||||||||||||||
RD31 | 36.9 ± 0.4 cd | 18.6 ± 0.6 b | 72.8 ± 0.5 cd | 7.2 ± 0.2 b | 11.8 ± 0.4 b | |||||||||
RD41 | 37.8 ± 0.5 abcd | 18.2 ± 0.7 b | 75.2 ± 0.5 abcd | 3.7 ± 0.1 f | 10.9 ± 0.4 f | |||||||||
RD57 | 38.3 ± 0.3 abc | 18.8 ± 1.0 b | 77.1 ± 0.5 abc | 5.7 ± 0.1 e | 11.0 ± 0.2 d | |||||||||
RD71 | 38.1 ± 0.4 abc | 19.6 ± 0.8 b | 75.3 ± 0.6 abcd | 5.3 ± 0.1 d | 11.4 ± 0.3 e | |||||||||
RD77 | 35.7 ± 0.4 d | 19.3 ± 0.6 b | 74.5 ± 0.5 bcd | 6.2 ± 0.1 c | 11.6 ± 0.5 c | |||||||||
RD79 | 39.1 ± 0.2 abc | 19.4 ± 0.8 b | 77.2 ± 0.5 abc | 3.9 ± 0.1 f | 11.0 ± 0.3 e | |||||||||
RD85 | 39.2 ± 0.5 abc | 23.0 ± 0.9 a | 80.4 ± 0.2 ab | 2.3 ± 0.1 h | 10.1 ± 0.3 i | |||||||||
RD87 | 40.1 ± 0.3 a | 22.4 ± 1.2 a | 78.5 ± 0.4 abc | 3.1 ± 0.1 g | 10.6 ± 0.4 g | |||||||||
RD35 | 39.3 ± 0.5 ab | 21.8 ± 0.8 a | 78.4 ± 0.4 abc | 2.6 ± 0.1 h | 10.4 ± 0.2 h | |||||||||
Azucena | 39.2 ± 0.6 ab | 19.8 ± 0.7 b | 81.3 ± 0.6 a | 2.5 ± 0.1 h | 9.9 ± 0.5 j | |||||||||
IR64 | 37.6 ± 0.5 bcd | 19.2 ± 0.8 b | 70.0 ± 0.4 d | 8.7 ± 0.3 a | 12.3 ± 0.5 a | |||||||||
Fe level (Fe, mg/L) | ||||||||||||||
0 (control) | 38.4 ± 0.4 bc | 20.5 ± 0.7 c | 84.1 ± 0.4 a | 0.7 ± 0.0 e | 4.1 ± 0.5 e | |||||||||
150 | 39.3 ± 0.4 ab | 22.4 ± 0.5 b | 83.9 ± 0.5 a | 1.2 ± 0.0 d | 8.0 ± 0.2 d | |||||||||
300 | 40.1 ± 0.4 a | 25.0 ± 1.2 a | 77.9 ± 0.4 b | 2.0 ± 0.1 c | 10.8 ± 0.2 c | |||||||||
600 | 37.5 ± 0.4 c | 18.4 ± 0.5 d | 71.4 ± 0.5 c | 6.5 ± 0.1 b | 13.3 ± 0.2 b | |||||||||
900 | 36.1 ± 0.4 d | 13.7 ± 1.1 e | 64.7 ± 0.6 d | 12.8 ± 0.4 a | 18.7 ± 0.5 a | |||||||||
G | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||||||
Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||||||
G × Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Table 2. Individual effect of genotype and iron (Fe) level on growth characteristics and physiochemical parameters of tested rice genotypes.
Factor | Plant height (cm) | Root length (m) | Shoot dry matter (g/plant) | Root dry matter (g/plant) | Tiller number per plant | Panicle number per plant | Filled grain ratio (%) | 1000-grain weight (g) | Grain yield (g/plant) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype (G) | ||||||||||||||
RD31 | 92.1 ± 1.9 bc | 128.9 ± 6.4 a | 86.5 ± 3.0 bc | 13.3 ± 0.5 cd | 23.6 ± 0.6 ab | 16.6 ± 0.7 ab | 78.6 ± 0.2 gh | 16.8 ± 0.7 cd | 19.1 ± 1.1 c | |||||
RD41 | 90.6 ± 3.6 bc | 129.1 ± 6.2 a | 71.9 ± 1.8 d | 13.4 ± 0.7 cd | 19.7 ± 0.5 d | 14.1 ± 0.8 cd | 81.6 ± 0.1 cde | 19.0 ± 0.8 ab | 19.4 ± 1.2 c | |||||
RD57 | 93.5 ± 2.0 b | 127.2 ± 7.7 a | 84.3 ± 1.4 c | 12.0 ± 1.2 d | 22.4 ± 0.5 bc | 16.5 ± 0.8 ab | 79.2 ± 0.1 fgh | 18.3 ± 0.3 b | 18.8 ± 1.0 c | |||||
RD71 | 91.7 ± 1.7 bc | 125.4 ± 7.7 a | 73.3 ± 1.3 d | 13.0 ± 0.5 cd | 21.4 ± 0.5 bcd | 14.8 ± 0.9 bcd | 81.2 ± 0.1 def | 19.2 ± 0.7 ab | 20.5 ± 0.8 bc | |||||
RD77 | 90.1 ± 2.7 bcd | 121.4 ± 6.7 a | 69.1 ± 2.3 de | 11.6 ± 0.7 d | 22.1 ± 0.8 bc | 16.4 ± 0.8 ab | 78.9 ± 0.2 gh | 18.8 ± 0.4 ab | 20.6 ± 0.8 bc | |||||
RD79 | 90.9 ± 2.4 bc | 121.4 ± 6.8 a | 90.1 ± 2.0 b | 13.8 ± 0.6 bcd | 21.7 ± 0.8 bcd | 16.1 ± 1.2 abc | 80.3 ± 0.4 efg | 18.8 ± 0.4 b | 20.9 ± 0.8 bc | |||||
RD85 | 84.8 ± 1.0 d | 125.9 ± 4.4 a | 68.5 ± 2.1 de | 17.2 ± 1.1 a | 22.2 ± 0.7 bc | 17.1 ± 0.7 a | 84.9 ± 0.3 b | 20.3 ± 0.5 a | 23.5 ± 0.8 a | |||||
RD87 | 87.9 ± 2.8 cd | 120.1 ± 6.9 a | 73.5 ± 1.8 d | 15.9 ± 1.4 ab | 21.0 ± 0.7 cd | 15.0 ± 1.1 bc | 82.9 ± 0.1 bcd | 19.5 ± 0.8 ab | 21.8 ± 0.5 ab | |||||
RD35 | 88.4 ± 3.4 bcd | 128.9 ± 8.0 a | 69.9 ± 1.0 de | 16.2 ± 0.5 a | 23.3 ± 0.8 zb | 15.2 ± 0.9 abc | 83.6 ± 0.3 bc | 18.2 ± 0.5 bc | 22.4 ± 0.8 ab | |||||
Azucena | 129.3 ± 2.7 a | 120.3 ± 10.2 a | 106.3 ± 1.8 a | 15.0 ± 0.6 abc | 11.3 ± 0.5 e | 7.0 ± 0.3 e | 93.7 ± 0.1 a | 18.8 ± 0.6 ab | 16.4 ± 0.6 d | |||||
IR64 | 76.0 ± 1.6 e | 126.7 ± 7.0 a | 64.6 ± 4.0 e | 16.5 ± 0.9 a | 24.7 ± 1.0 a | 13.0 ± 1.1 d | 78.0 ± 0.2 h | 16.5 ± 0.5 d | 19.0 ± 1.0 c | |||||
Fe level (Fe, mg/L) | ||||||||||||||
0 (control) | 92.1 ± 2.2 ab | 121.1 ± 8.8 c | 80.9 ± 1.6 c | 13.7 ± 0.8 c | 21.5 ± 0.7 bc | 15.5 ± 0.8 b | 81.3 ± 0.8 bc | 18.8 ± 0.4 c | 21.0 ± 0.9 c | |||||
150 | 94.3 ± 2.8 a | 134.6 ± 5.6 b | 89.6 ± 1.5 b | 17.5 ± 0.7 b | 22.5 ± 0.7 ab | 16.9 ± 0.9 a | 83.0 ± 1.2 ab | 19.9 ± 0.6 b | 23.6 ± 1.2 b | |||||
300 | 94.9 ± 2.7 a | 149.7 ± 7.1 a | 97.7 ± 2.4 a | 21.0 ± 1.0 a | 23.3 ± 0.7 a | 16.5 ± 1.0 ab | 83.2 ± 0.8 a | 20.8 ± 0.9 a | 25.2 ± 1.3 a | |||||
600 | 91.1 ± 1.6 b | 115.2 ± 7.5 c | 69.5 ± 2.2 d | 11.6 ± 0.9 d | 20.6 ± 0.6 c | 13.2 ± 0.8 c | 81.9 ± 1.0 c | 17.7 ± 0.4 d | 18.8 ± 0.4 d | |||||
900 | 89.1 ± 2.3 b | 104.6 ± 6.5 d | 52.3 ± 2.5 e | 7.9 ± 0.5 e | 18.2 ± 0.6 d | 11.3 ± 0.8 d | 81.0 ± 0.9 c | 15.6 ± 0.5 e | 12.5 ± 0.5 e | |||||
G | ** | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||
Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||
G × Fe | ns | ns | ** | ** | * | * | ** | ** | ** | |||||
Factor | SPAD value | Net photosynthetic rate [μmol/(m2∙s)] | Membrane stability index (%) | Leaf Fe content (mg/g) | Root Fe content (mg/g) | |||||||||
Genotype (G) | ||||||||||||||
RD31 | 36.9 ± 0.4 cd | 18.6 ± 0.6 b | 72.8 ± 0.5 cd | 7.2 ± 0.2 b | 11.8 ± 0.4 b | |||||||||
RD41 | 37.8 ± 0.5 abcd | 18.2 ± 0.7 b | 75.2 ± 0.5 abcd | 3.7 ± 0.1 f | 10.9 ± 0.4 f | |||||||||
RD57 | 38.3 ± 0.3 abc | 18.8 ± 1.0 b | 77.1 ± 0.5 abc | 5.7 ± 0.1 e | 11.0 ± 0.2 d | |||||||||
RD71 | 38.1 ± 0.4 abc | 19.6 ± 0.8 b | 75.3 ± 0.6 abcd | 5.3 ± 0.1 d | 11.4 ± 0.3 e | |||||||||
RD77 | 35.7 ± 0.4 d | 19.3 ± 0.6 b | 74.5 ± 0.5 bcd | 6.2 ± 0.1 c | 11.6 ± 0.5 c | |||||||||
RD79 | 39.1 ± 0.2 abc | 19.4 ± 0.8 b | 77.2 ± 0.5 abc | 3.9 ± 0.1 f | 11.0 ± 0.3 e | |||||||||
RD85 | 39.2 ± 0.5 abc | 23.0 ± 0.9 a | 80.4 ± 0.2 ab | 2.3 ± 0.1 h | 10.1 ± 0.3 i | |||||||||
RD87 | 40.1 ± 0.3 a | 22.4 ± 1.2 a | 78.5 ± 0.4 abc | 3.1 ± 0.1 g | 10.6 ± 0.4 g | |||||||||
RD35 | 39.3 ± 0.5 ab | 21.8 ± 0.8 a | 78.4 ± 0.4 abc | 2.6 ± 0.1 h | 10.4 ± 0.2 h | |||||||||
Azucena | 39.2 ± 0.6 ab | 19.8 ± 0.7 b | 81.3 ± 0.6 a | 2.5 ± 0.1 h | 9.9 ± 0.5 j | |||||||||
IR64 | 37.6 ± 0.5 bcd | 19.2 ± 0.8 b | 70.0 ± 0.4 d | 8.7 ± 0.3 a | 12.3 ± 0.5 a | |||||||||
Fe level (Fe, mg/L) | ||||||||||||||
0 (control) | 38.4 ± 0.4 bc | 20.5 ± 0.7 c | 84.1 ± 0.4 a | 0.7 ± 0.0 e | 4.1 ± 0.5 e | |||||||||
150 | 39.3 ± 0.4 ab | 22.4 ± 0.5 b | 83.9 ± 0.5 a | 1.2 ± 0.0 d | 8.0 ± 0.2 d | |||||||||
300 | 40.1 ± 0.4 a | 25.0 ± 1.2 a | 77.9 ± 0.4 b | 2.0 ± 0.1 c | 10.8 ± 0.2 c | |||||||||
600 | 37.5 ± 0.4 c | 18.4 ± 0.5 d | 71.4 ± 0.5 c | 6.5 ± 0.1 b | 13.3 ± 0.2 b | |||||||||
900 | 36.1 ± 0.4 d | 13.7 ± 1.1 e | 64.7 ± 0.6 d | 12.8 ± 0.4 a | 18.7 ± 0.5 a | |||||||||
G | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||||||
Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||||||
G × Fe | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Genotype | Tolerance (TOL) | Stress tolerance index (STI) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
150 mg/L | 300 mg/L | 600 mg/L | 900 mg/L | Mean# | 150 mg/L | 300 mg/L | 600 mg/L | 900 mg/L | Mean# | ||
RD31 | -2.92 ± 0.26 g | -5.24 ± 0.69 i | 1.83 ± 0.62 e | 10.16 ± 1.75 b | 5.99 ± 1.19 c | 1.00 ± 0.01 b | 1.03 ± 0.01 d | 0.83 ± 0.01 g | 0.66 ± 0.01 g | 0.75 ± 0.01 f | |
RD41 | -3.79 ± 0.15 i | -5.32 ± 0.29 j | 1.31 ± 0.38 f | 7.23 ± 1.08 i | 4.27 ± 0.78 h | 1.04 ± 0.00 a | 1.10 ± 0.01 a | 0.85 ± 0.01 f | 0.81 ± 0.01 c | 0.83 ± 0.01 d | |
RD57 | -4.10 ± 0.51 j | -5.68 ± 0.61 k | 2.73 ± 0.68 b | 8.34 ± 1.13 e | 5.54 ± 0.91 d | 1.01 ± 0.02 b | 1.11 ± 0.00 a | 0.88 ± 0.02 de | 0.77 ± 0.01 e | 0.83 ± 0.02 d | |
RD71 | -2.66 ± 0.19 e | -4.88 ± 0.25 f | 2.32 ± 0.60 c | 8.16 ± 1.24 g | 5.24 ± 0.92 f | 1.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.08 ± 0.01 c | 0.87 ± 0.00 ef | 0.77 ± 0.02 e | 0.82 ± 0.01 d | |
RD77 | -2.19 ± 0.11 c | -4.91 ± 0.82 g | 2.29 ± 0.81 d | 8.32 ± 1.38 f | 5.30 ± 1.10 e | 1.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.10 ± 0.02 ab | 0.85 ± 0.01 f | 0.75 ± 0.01 f | 0.80 ± 0.01 e | |
RD79 | -3.04 ± 0.28 h | -5.01 ± 0.26 h | 2.28 ± 0.75 d | 9.77 ± 1.13 c | 6.03 ± 0.94 b | 1.02 ± 0.01 ab | 1.10 ± 0.00 ab | 0.90 ± 0.01 d | 0.79 ± 0.01 cd | 0.84 ± 0.01 c | |
RD85 | -2.46 ± 0.12 d | -3.79 ± 0.82 b | 1.21 ± 0.39 g | 6.93 ± 1.20 j | 4.07 ± 0.80 j | 1.01 ± 0.03 b | 1.12 ± 0.02 a | 0.94 ± 0.02 ab | 0.83 ± 0.02 b | 0.88 ± 0.02 b | |
RD87 | -1.03 ± 0.09 a | -4.06 ± 0.71 d | 0.86 ± 0.57 h | 9.48 ± 1.79 d | 5.17 ± 1.18 g | 1.01 ± 0.02 b | 1.08 ± 0.01 bc | 0.91 ± 0.01 c | 0.78 ± 0.02 de | 0.85 ± 0.02 c | |
RD35 | -2.77 ± 0.14 f | -4.29 ± 0.95 e | 0.73 ± 0.90 i | 7.78 ± 1.67 h | 4.26 ± 1.29 i | 1.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.11 ± 0.00 a | 0.92 ± 0.01 bc | 0.83 ± 0.01 b | 0.87 ± 0.01 b | |
Azucena | -1.19 ± 0.17 b | -3.87 ± 0.43 c | 0.45 ± 0.45 j | 4.36 ± 0.98 k | 2.40 ± 0.72 k | 1.02 ± 0.01 ab | 1.10 ± 0.00 ab | 0.95 ± 0.02 a | 0.85 ± 0.02 a | 0.90 ± 0.02 a | |
IR64 | -3.02 ± 0.35 h | 1.16 ± 0.67 a | 8.15 ± 1.79 a | 12.95 ± 1.34 a | 10.55 ± 1.57 a | 1.00 ± 0.01 b | 0.91 ± 0.01 e | 0.70 ± 0.01 h | 0.58 ± 0.01 h | 0.64 ± 0.01 g |
Table 3. Magnitude of stress tolerance indices among rice genotypes at different iron (Fe) levels.
Genotype | Tolerance (TOL) | Stress tolerance index (STI) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
150 mg/L | 300 mg/L | 600 mg/L | 900 mg/L | Mean# | 150 mg/L | 300 mg/L | 600 mg/L | 900 mg/L | Mean# | ||
RD31 | -2.92 ± 0.26 g | -5.24 ± 0.69 i | 1.83 ± 0.62 e | 10.16 ± 1.75 b | 5.99 ± 1.19 c | 1.00 ± 0.01 b | 1.03 ± 0.01 d | 0.83 ± 0.01 g | 0.66 ± 0.01 g | 0.75 ± 0.01 f | |
RD41 | -3.79 ± 0.15 i | -5.32 ± 0.29 j | 1.31 ± 0.38 f | 7.23 ± 1.08 i | 4.27 ± 0.78 h | 1.04 ± 0.00 a | 1.10 ± 0.01 a | 0.85 ± 0.01 f | 0.81 ± 0.01 c | 0.83 ± 0.01 d | |
RD57 | -4.10 ± 0.51 j | -5.68 ± 0.61 k | 2.73 ± 0.68 b | 8.34 ± 1.13 e | 5.54 ± 0.91 d | 1.01 ± 0.02 b | 1.11 ± 0.00 a | 0.88 ± 0.02 de | 0.77 ± 0.01 e | 0.83 ± 0.02 d | |
RD71 | -2.66 ± 0.19 e | -4.88 ± 0.25 f | 2.32 ± 0.60 c | 8.16 ± 1.24 g | 5.24 ± 0.92 f | 1.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.08 ± 0.01 c | 0.87 ± 0.00 ef | 0.77 ± 0.02 e | 0.82 ± 0.01 d | |
RD77 | -2.19 ± 0.11 c | -4.91 ± 0.82 g | 2.29 ± 0.81 d | 8.32 ± 1.38 f | 5.30 ± 1.10 e | 1.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.10 ± 0.02 ab | 0.85 ± 0.01 f | 0.75 ± 0.01 f | 0.80 ± 0.01 e | |
RD79 | -3.04 ± 0.28 h | -5.01 ± 0.26 h | 2.28 ± 0.75 d | 9.77 ± 1.13 c | 6.03 ± 0.94 b | 1.02 ± 0.01 ab | 1.10 ± 0.00 ab | 0.90 ± 0.01 d | 0.79 ± 0.01 cd | 0.84 ± 0.01 c | |
RD85 | -2.46 ± 0.12 d | -3.79 ± 0.82 b | 1.21 ± 0.39 g | 6.93 ± 1.20 j | 4.07 ± 0.80 j | 1.01 ± 0.03 b | 1.12 ± 0.02 a | 0.94 ± 0.02 ab | 0.83 ± 0.02 b | 0.88 ± 0.02 b | |
RD87 | -1.03 ± 0.09 a | -4.06 ± 0.71 d | 0.86 ± 0.57 h | 9.48 ± 1.79 d | 5.17 ± 1.18 g | 1.01 ± 0.02 b | 1.08 ± 0.01 bc | 0.91 ± 0.01 c | 0.78 ± 0.02 de | 0.85 ± 0.02 c | |
RD35 | -2.77 ± 0.14 f | -4.29 ± 0.95 e | 0.73 ± 0.90 i | 7.78 ± 1.67 h | 4.26 ± 1.29 i | 1.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.11 ± 0.00 a | 0.92 ± 0.01 bc | 0.83 ± 0.01 b | 0.87 ± 0.01 b | |
Azucena | -1.19 ± 0.17 b | -3.87 ± 0.43 c | 0.45 ± 0.45 j | 4.36 ± 0.98 k | 2.40 ± 0.72 k | 1.02 ± 0.01 ab | 1.10 ± 0.00 ab | 0.95 ± 0.02 a | 0.85 ± 0.02 a | 0.90 ± 0.02 a | |
IR64 | -3.02 ± 0.35 h | 1.16 ± 0.67 a | 8.15 ± 1.79 a | 12.95 ± 1.34 a | 10.55 ± 1.57 a | 1.00 ± 0.01 b | 0.91 ± 0.01 e | 0.70 ± 0.01 h | 0.58 ± 0.01 h | 0.64 ± 0.01 g |
Fig. 2. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means-based neighbor-jointing dendrogram and co-cluster heatmap analysis of tested rice genotypes. Genotypes were categorized into three clusters based on the Euclidean distance matrix. Color shades in heatmap express the intensity of the stress tolerance index (STI) values on tested parameters. Avg. STI, Average stress tolerance index; Avg. TOL, Average tolerance; SPAD, Soil and plant analyzer development.
Fig. 3. Principal component analysis (PCA)-biplot of tested rice genotypes and selected parameters. Genotypes are dispersed in different ordinates based on their dissimilarities among them. The length of vectors in the biplot reflects their contribution on the principal component and the angles between them (from the middle point) indicate their positive or negative interactions. Larger points indicate the centroid of the corresponding cluster.
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