Rice Science ›› 2015, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 189-196.DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(14)60297-3
收稿日期:2014-09-29
接受日期:2015-03-23
出版日期:2015-07-28
发布日期:2015-05-27
. [J]. Rice Science, 2015, 22(4): 189-196.
Fig. 1. Weather data at the experimental station during the crop growing period. T, Temperature (°C); RH, Relative humidity (%); RF, Rainfall (mm); PE, Pan evaporation (mm).
| Seed priming treatment | E0 (d) | E50 (d) | EI | FE | MET (d) |
| Hydro-priming | 4.67 ab | 4.30 b | 161.46 b | 205.00 d | 10.84 a |
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 4.50 b | 4.11 b | 155.47 c | 216.83 c | 11.09 a |
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 5.00 a | 5.55 a | 156.04 c | 228.33 b | 11.44 a |
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 4.33 b | 2.86 c | 215.47 a | 314.00 a | 9.42 b |
| LSD | 0.47 | 0.45 | 2.75 | 2.83 | 0.70 |
| Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. E0, Time to start emergence; E50, Time to 50% emergence; EI, Emergence index; FE, Final emergence, and FE is presented by number of seedlings per unit area; MET, Mean emergence time; LSD, Least significant difference. | |||||
Table 1 Crop stand of direct seeded rice affected by seed priming.
| Seed priming treatment | E0 (d) | E50 (d) | EI | FE | MET (d) |
| Hydro-priming | 4.67 ab | 4.30 b | 161.46 b | 205.00 d | 10.84 a |
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 4.50 b | 4.11 b | 155.47 c | 216.83 c | 11.09 a |
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 5.00 a | 5.55 a | 156.04 c | 228.33 b | 11.44 a |
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 4.33 b | 2.86 c | 215.47 a | 314.00 a | 9.42 b |
| LSD | 0.47 | 0.45 | 2.75 | 2.83 | 0.70 |
| Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. E0, Time to start emergence; E50, Time to 50% emergence; EI, Emergence index; FE, Final emergence, and FE is presented by number of seedlings per unit area; MET, Mean emergence time; LSD, Least significant difference. | |||||
| Seed priming treatment | Plant height (cm) | No. of productive tillers per m2 | No. of grains per panicle | Panicle length (cm) | Grain yield (t/hm2) | Biological yield (t/hm2) | Harvest index | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | |||||||||||||||||
| Hydro-priming | 75.0 b | 71.0 d | 337.0 d | 335.0 d | 62.0 d | 74.0 ab | 21.0 c | 22.0 ab | 2.08 d | 2.15 cd | 11.95 c | 10.84 d | 0.17 c | 0.19 a | ||||||||||||||||
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 79.0 a | 70.0 d | 343.0 c | 336.0 d | 75.0 a | 74.0 ab | 23.0 a | 22.0 ab | 2.45 b | 2.18 cd | 12.20 c | 10.43 d | 0.20 a | 0.21 a | ||||||||||||||||
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 61.0 e | 70.0 d | 301.0 f | 358.0 b | 66.0 c | 74.0 ab | 21.0 b | 22.0 ab | 2.24 c | 2.59 a | 13.28 b | 12.88 b | 0.17 c | 0.20 a | ||||||||||||||||
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 72.0 c | 70.0 d | 311.0 e | 369.0 a | 74.0 ab | 74.0 ab | 23.0 a | 22.0 ab | 2.47 b | 2.61 a | 12.30 c | 14.07 a | 0.20 a | 0.18 b | ||||||||||||||||
| LSD interaction | 1.37 | 3.18 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; LSD, Least significant difference. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 2 Yield components and grain yield of direct seeded rice affected by irrigation regime and seed priming.
| Seed priming treatment | Plant height (cm) | No. of productive tillers per m2 | No. of grains per panicle | Panicle length (cm) | Grain yield (t/hm2) | Biological yield (t/hm2) | Harvest index | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | |||||||||||||||||
| Hydro-priming | 75.0 b | 71.0 d | 337.0 d | 335.0 d | 62.0 d | 74.0 ab | 21.0 c | 22.0 ab | 2.08 d | 2.15 cd | 11.95 c | 10.84 d | 0.17 c | 0.19 a | ||||||||||||||||
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 79.0 a | 70.0 d | 343.0 c | 336.0 d | 75.0 a | 74.0 ab | 23.0 a | 22.0 ab | 2.45 b | 2.18 cd | 12.20 c | 10.43 d | 0.20 a | 0.21 a | ||||||||||||||||
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 61.0 e | 70.0 d | 301.0 f | 358.0 b | 66.0 c | 74.0 ab | 21.0 b | 22.0 ab | 2.24 c | 2.59 a | 13.28 b | 12.88 b | 0.17 c | 0.20 a | ||||||||||||||||
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 72.0 c | 70.0 d | 311.0 e | 369.0 a | 74.0 ab | 74.0 ab | 23.0 a | 22.0 ab | 2.47 b | 2.61 a | 12.30 c | 14.07 a | 0.20 a | 0.18 b | ||||||||||||||||
| LSD interaction | 1.37 | 3.18 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.10 | 0.45 | 0.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; LSD, Least significant difference. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seed priming treatment | Normal grain (%) | Abortive grain (%) | Opaque grain (%) | Chalky grain (%) | Grain length (cm) | Grain width (cm) | Water productivity (kg/m3) | |||||||||||||
| FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | |||||||
| Hydro-priming | 49.00 bcd | 39.00 e | 12.00 ab | 14.00 ab | 7.00 | 9.00 | 32.00 ab | 38.00 a | 11.43 ab | 11.54 ab | 2.12 abc | 2.24 a | 0.14 c | 0.15 c | ||||||
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 47.00 cd | 49.00 bcd | 16.00 a | 15.00 a | 7.00 | 9.00 | 30.00 ab | 27.00 b | 10.46 b | 11.67 a | 2.19 ab | 1.92 c | 0.16 ab | 0.14 c | ||||||
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 57.00 a | 53.00 ab | 6.00 b | 11.00 ab | 8.00 | 9.00 | 29.00 ab | 27.00 b | 11.05 ab | 10.94 ab | 2.20 ab | 2.22 ab | 0.15 bc | 0.17 a | ||||||
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 45.00 d | 51.00 bc | 17.00 a | 12.00 ab | 10.00 | 9.00 | 28.00 ab | 28.00 b | 11.02 ab | 11.09 ab | 1.97 bc | 1.89 c | 0.17 a | 0.17 a | ||||||
| LSD interaction | 5.83 | 6.41 | ns | 9.01 | 1.28 | 0.24 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||
| Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; LSD, Least significant difference; ns, Not significant. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Table 3 Grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice affected by irrigation regime and seed priming.
| Seed priming treatment | Normal grain (%) | Abortive grain (%) | Opaque grain (%) | Chalky grain (%) | Grain length (cm) | Grain width (cm) | Water productivity (kg/m3) | |||||||||||||
| FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | |||||||
| Hydro-priming | 49.00 bcd | 39.00 e | 12.00 ab | 14.00 ab | 7.00 | 9.00 | 32.00 ab | 38.00 a | 11.43 ab | 11.54 ab | 2.12 abc | 2.24 a | 0.14 c | 0.15 c | ||||||
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 47.00 cd | 49.00 bcd | 16.00 a | 15.00 a | 7.00 | 9.00 | 30.00 ab | 27.00 b | 10.46 b | 11.67 a | 2.19 ab | 1.92 c | 0.16 ab | 0.14 c | ||||||
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 57.00 a | 53.00 ab | 6.00 b | 11.00 ab | 8.00 | 9.00 | 29.00 ab | 27.00 b | 11.05 ab | 10.94 ab | 2.20 ab | 2.22 ab | 0.15 bc | 0.17 a | ||||||
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 45.00 d | 51.00 bc | 17.00 a | 12.00 ab | 10.00 | 9.00 | 28.00 ab | 28.00 b | 11.02 ab | 11.09 ab | 1.97 bc | 1.89 c | 0.17 a | 0.17 a | ||||||
| LSD interaction | 5.83 | 6.41 | ns | 9.01 | 1.28 | 0.24 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||
| Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; LSD, Least significant difference; ns, Not significant. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Seed priming treatment | Total expenditure (PKR/hm2) | Gross income (PKR/hm2) | Net income (PKR/hm2) | Benefit cost ratio | |||||||
| FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | ||||
| Hydro-priming | 83 555 | 80 955 | 71 275 | 73 538 | -12 279 | -7 417 | 0.85 | 0.91 | |||
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 89 742 | 87 142 | 83 785 | 74 513 | -5 957 | -12 629 | 0.93 | 0.86 | |||
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 89 742 | 87 142 | 76 795 | 88 571 | -12 947 | 1 429 | 0.86 | 1.02 | |||
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 83 743 | 81 143 | 84 469 | 89 353 | 726 | 8 210 | 1.01 | 1.10 | |||
| FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; PKR, Pakistani rupee. | |||||||||||
Table 4 Benefit cost ratio of direct seeded rice affected by irrigation regime and seed priming.
| Seed priming treatment | Total expenditure (PKR/hm2) | Gross income (PKR/hm2) | Net income (PKR/hm2) | Benefit cost ratio | |||||||
| FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | FC | AWD | ||||
| Hydro-priming | 83 555 | 80 955 | 71 275 | 73 538 | -12 279 | -7 417 | 0.85 | 0.91 | |||
| Osmo-priming (KCl) | 89 742 | 87 142 | 83 785 | 74 513 | -5 957 | -12 629 | 0.93 | 0.86 | |||
| Osmo-priming (CaCl2) | 89 742 | 87 142 | 76 795 | 88 571 | -12 947 | 1 429 | 0.86 | 1.02 | |||
| Osmo-priming (MLE) | 83 743 | 81 143 | 84 469 | 89 353 | 726 | 8 210 | 1.01 | 1.10 | |||
| FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; PKR, Pakistani rupee. | |||||||||||
Fig. 2. Tillering emergence rate in direct seeded rice (DSR) affected by seed priming when irrigated at field capacity (A) and alternate wetting and drying (B).
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| 39 | (Managing Editor: Fang Hongmin) |
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