Rice Science ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 132-143.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2015.11.003
收稿日期:2015-09-11
接受日期:2015-11-13
出版日期:2016-06-08
发布日期:2016-02-04
. [J]. Rice Science, 2016, 23(3): 132-143.
| Treatment | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | ||||
| MRR | 122.7 | 72 | 180 | 86.7 | 72 | 180 | 119.6 | 72 | 180 | |||
| FRR | 180 | 72 | 180 | 180 | 72 | 180 | 180 | 72 | 180 | |||
Table 1 Chemical fertilizer application of different treatments on early rice. kg/hm2
| Treatment | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | N | P2O5 | K2O | ||||
| MRR | 122.7 | 72 | 180 | 86.7 | 72 | 180 | 119.6 | 72 | 180 | |||
| FRR | 180 | 72 | 180 | 180 | 72 | 180 | 180 | 72 | 180 | |||
| Year | Season | Sowing date | Transplanting date |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Month-Day) | (Month-Day) | ||
| 2010 | Early rice | 3月27日 | 4月27日 |
| Late rice | 6月26日 | 7月25日 | |
| 2011 | Early rice | 3月28日 | 4月28日 |
| Late rice | 6月29日 | 7月30日 | |
| 2012 | Early rice | 3月25日 | 4月26日 |
| Late rice | 6月25日 | 7月26日 |
Table 2 Sowing and transplanting time of early and late rice.
| Year | Season | Sowing date | Transplanting date |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Month-Day) | (Month-Day) | ||
| 2010 | Early rice | 3月27日 | 4月27日 |
| Late rice | 6月26日 | 7月25日 | |
| 2011 | Early rice | 3月28日 | 4月28日 |
| Late rice | 6月29日 | 7月30日 | |
| 2012 | Early rice | 3月25日 | 4月26日 |
| Late rice | 6月25日 | 7月26日 |
| Year | Season | Treatment | Yield (kg/hm2) | PN (× 104/hm2) | SPP | SSR (%) | TGW (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 7 653 ± 104 a | 397 ± 8.7 a | 130 ± 3.2 a | 77.0 ± 2.1 b | 27.9 ± 0.4 a |
| FRR | 7 416 ± 119 a | 342 ± 12.9 b | 128 ± 4.9 a | 87.0 ± 4.6 a | 27.4 ± 2.8 a | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 7 970 ± 134 a | 283 ± 9.1 a | 151 ± 2.9 a | 82.2 ± 1.3 a | 22.2 ± 0.1 a | |
| FRR | 7 654 ± 69 b | 287 ± 5.3 a | 147 ± 4.8 a | 85.4 ± 2.8 a | 20.4 ± 0.3 a | ||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 8 588 ± 159 a | 464 ± 18.4 a | 94 ± 1.7 a | 93.0 ± 1.7 b | 28.5 ± 0.9 a |
| FRR | 8 459 ± 102 a | 430 ± 7.2 b | 93 ± 1.8 a | 96.1 ± 2.7 a | 29.0 ± 3.6 a | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 9 783 ± 120 a | 421 ± 3.3 a | 165 ± 8.1 a | 73.8 ± 0.2 b | 23.5 ± 0.3 a | |
| FRR | 9 353 ± 66 b | 401 ± 5.3 b | 153 ± 1.4 b | 75.7 ± 1.5 a | 23.6 ± 0.2 a | ||
| 2012 | Early rice | MRR | 9 437 ± 102 a | 391 ± 5.3 a | 110 ± 2.1 a | 84.5 ± 1.1 b | 29.1 ± 0.1 a |
| FRR | 8 162 ± 78 b | 337 ± 7.3 b | 101 ± 2.1 b | 88.2 ± 1.3 a | 29.1 ± 0.1 a | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 10 079 ± 110 a | 393 ± 4.2 a | 114 ± 3.3 a | 82.8 ± 2.4 b | 22.9 ± 1.0 a | |
| FRR | 8 281 ± 87 b | 373 ± 8.2 b | 102 ± 1.9 b | 86.7 ± 1.7 a | 22.4 ± 2.4 a |
Table 3 Rice yield and yield components of different treatments (Mean ± SD, n = 3).
| Year | Season | Treatment | Yield (kg/hm2) | PN (× 104/hm2) | SPP | SSR (%) | TGW (g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 7 653 ± 104 a | 397 ± 8.7 a | 130 ± 3.2 a | 77.0 ± 2.1 b | 27.9 ± 0.4 a |
| FRR | 7 416 ± 119 a | 342 ± 12.9 b | 128 ± 4.9 a | 87.0 ± 4.6 a | 27.4 ± 2.8 a | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 7 970 ± 134 a | 283 ± 9.1 a | 151 ± 2.9 a | 82.2 ± 1.3 a | 22.2 ± 0.1 a | |
| FRR | 7 654 ± 69 b | 287 ± 5.3 a | 147 ± 4.8 a | 85.4 ± 2.8 a | 20.4 ± 0.3 a | ||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 8 588 ± 159 a | 464 ± 18.4 a | 94 ± 1.7 a | 93.0 ± 1.7 b | 28.5 ± 0.9 a |
| FRR | 8 459 ± 102 a | 430 ± 7.2 b | 93 ± 1.8 a | 96.1 ± 2.7 a | 29.0 ± 3.6 a | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 9 783 ± 120 a | 421 ± 3.3 a | 165 ± 8.1 a | 73.8 ± 0.2 b | 23.5 ± 0.3 a | |
| FRR | 9 353 ± 66 b | 401 ± 5.3 b | 153 ± 1.4 b | 75.7 ± 1.5 a | 23.6 ± 0.2 a | ||
| 2012 | Early rice | MRR | 9 437 ± 102 a | 391 ± 5.3 a | 110 ± 2.1 a | 84.5 ± 1.1 b | 29.1 ± 0.1 a |
| FRR | 8 162 ± 78 b | 337 ± 7.3 b | 101 ± 2.1 b | 88.2 ± 1.3 a | 29.1 ± 0.1 a | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 10 079 ± 110 a | 393 ± 4.2 a | 114 ± 3.3 a | 82.8 ± 2.4 b | 22.9 ± 1.0 a | |
| FRR | 8 281 ± 87 b | 373 ± 8.2 b | 102 ± 1.9 b | 86.7 ± 1.7 a | 22.4 ± 2.4 a |
Fig. 1. Total tillering number of rice.A, Early rice in 2010; B, Late rice in 2010; C, Early rice in 2011; D, Late rice in 2011. ANOVA was conducted among different treatments at the same growth stage. Vertical error bars are the standard error of means (n = 4). Different lowercase letters indicate significance at the 0.05 level.
Fig. 2. Dynamics of rice leaf area index.A, Early rice in 2010; B, Late rice in 2010; C, Early rice in 2011; D, Late rice in 2011. FTS, Full tillering stage; BS, Booting stage; FHS, Full heading stage; MS, Maturity stage.ANOVA was conducted among different treatments at the same growth stage. Vertical error bars are the standard error of means (n = 4). Different lowercase letters indicate significance at the 0.05 level.
| Season | Treatment | FTS | BS | FHS | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R/S | RDW (g/hill) | R/S | RDW (g/hill) | R/S | RDW (g/hill) | |||||||||||
| Early rice | MRR | 0.26 ± 0.02 a | 0.58 ± 0.06 b | 0.19 ± 0.03 a | 2.36 ± 0.25 a | 0.27 ± 0.01 a | 5.58 ± 0.82 a | |||||||||
| FRR | 0.30 ± 0.03 a | 0.72 ± 0.04 a | 0.20 ± 0.01 a | 2.22 ± 0.29 a | 0.15 ± 0.01 b | 4.49 ± 0.28 b | ||||||||||
| Late rice | MRR | 0.19 ± 0.02 a | 1.34 ± 0.13 a | 0.15 ± 0.02 a | 2.56 ± 0.23 a | 0.23 ± 0.01 a | 5.63 ± 0.35 a | |||||||||
| FRR | 0.19 ± 0.01 a | 1.25 ± 0.08 a | 0.14 ± 0.01 a | 2.25 ± 0.18 a | 0.12 ± 0.02 b | 4.89 ± 0.34 b | ||||||||||
Table 4 Root/shoot ratio and dry weight of single hill rice root in different treatments in 2010 (Mean ± SD, n = 3).
| Season | Treatment | FTS | BS | FHS | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R/S | RDW (g/hill) | R/S | RDW (g/hill) | R/S | RDW (g/hill) | |||||||||||
| Early rice | MRR | 0.26 ± 0.02 a | 0.58 ± 0.06 b | 0.19 ± 0.03 a | 2.36 ± 0.25 a | 0.27 ± 0.01 a | 5.58 ± 0.82 a | |||||||||
| FRR | 0.30 ± 0.03 a | 0.72 ± 0.04 a | 0.20 ± 0.01 a | 2.22 ± 0.29 a | 0.15 ± 0.01 b | 4.49 ± 0.28 b | ||||||||||
| Late rice | MRR | 0.19 ± 0.02 a | 1.34 ± 0.13 a | 0.15 ± 0.02 a | 2.56 ± 0.23 a | 0.23 ± 0.01 a | 5.63 ± 0.35 a | |||||||||
| FRR | 0.19 ± 0.01 a | 1.25 ± 0.08 a | 0.14 ± 0.01 a | 2.25 ± 0.18 a | 0.12 ± 0.02 b | 4.89 ± 0.34 b | ||||||||||
| Year | Season | Treatment | Root dry weight in different soil layer depth (g/hill) | Total root dry weight | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-5 cm | 5-10 cm | 10-20 cm | (g/hill) | ||||
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 3.72 ± 0.04 a | 3.35 ± 0.04 a | 0.59 ± 0.03 a | 7.66 ± 0.05 a | |
| FRR | 2.82 ± 0.05 b | 2.58 ± 0.03 b | 0.19 ± 0.08 b | 5.59 ± 0.03 b | |||
| Late rice | MRR | 3.63 ± 0.04 a | 3.64 ± 0.07 a | 0.54 ± 0.05 a | 7.81 ± 0.10 a | ||
| FRR | 2.83 ± 0.21 b | 2.84 ± 0.08 b | 0.24 ± 0.08 b | 5.91 ± 0.26 b | |||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 3.88 ± 0.09 a | 3.93 ± 0.06 a | 0.52 ± 0.01 a | 8.33 ± 0.03 a | |
| FRR | 3.05 ± 0.06 b | 2.96 ± 0.18 b | 0.33 ± 0.04 b | 6.34 ± 0.14 b | |||
| Late rice | MRR | 3.91 ± 0.07 a | 4.02 ± 0.04 a | 0.61 ± 0.03 a | 8.54 ± 0.25 a | ||
| FRR | 3.08 ± 0.04 b | 3.11 ± 0.04 b | 0.37 ± 0.04 b | 6.56 ± 0.07 b | |||
Table 5 Root dry weight of rice at the maturity stage in various soil layers of different treatments in 2010 and 2011 (Mean ± SD, n = 3).
| Year | Season | Treatment | Root dry weight in different soil layer depth (g/hill) | Total root dry weight | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-5 cm | 5-10 cm | 10-20 cm | (g/hill) | ||||
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 3.72 ± 0.04 a | 3.35 ± 0.04 a | 0.59 ± 0.03 a | 7.66 ± 0.05 a | |
| FRR | 2.82 ± 0.05 b | 2.58 ± 0.03 b | 0.19 ± 0.08 b | 5.59 ± 0.03 b | |||
| Late rice | MRR | 3.63 ± 0.04 a | 3.64 ± 0.07 a | 0.54 ± 0.05 a | 7.81 ± 0.10 a | ||
| FRR | 2.83 ± 0.21 b | 2.84 ± 0.08 b | 0.24 ± 0.08 b | 5.91 ± 0.26 b | |||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 3.88 ± 0.09 a | 3.93 ± 0.06 a | 0.52 ± 0.01 a | 8.33 ± 0.03 a | |
| FRR | 3.05 ± 0.06 b | 2.96 ± 0.18 b | 0.33 ± 0.04 b | 6.34 ± 0.14 b | |||
| Late rice | MRR | 3.91 ± 0.07 a | 4.02 ± 0.04 a | 0.61 ± 0.03 a | 8.54 ± 0.25 a | ||
| FRR | 3.08 ± 0.04 b | 3.11 ± 0.04 b | 0.37 ± 0.04 b | 6.56 ± 0.07 b | |||
| Year | Season | Treatment | Transportation ratio of dry matter (%) | Transformation ratio of dry matter (%) | Photosynthetic potential | Photosynthetic potential/grain | Grain/leaf area | Total sink capacity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (× 104∙m2∙d) | ratio (m2∙d/grain) | ratio (grain/cm2) | (t/hm2) | |||||||||||
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 33.5 ± 2.9 a | 36.6 ± 0.3 a | 7.19 ± 1.92 a | 20.98 ± 2.33 a | 0.77 ± 0.04 b | 14.36 ± 0.99 a | ||||||
| FRR | 33.0 ± 1.8 a | 35.5 ± 0.6 b | 6.06 ± 1.06 b | 20.72 ± 1.77 a | 0.91 ± 0.01 a | 12.03 ± 0.65 b | ||||||||
| Late rice | MRR | 32.7 ± 2.3 a | 37.7 ± 1.0 a | 10.12 ± 1.25 a | 35.50 ± 1.01 a | 0.57 ± 0.01 b | 9.51 ± 0.76 a | |||||||
| FRR | 30.3 ± 1.2 b | 36.3 ± 0.8 b | 8.42 ± 0.90 b | 29.94 ± 0.78 b | 0.68 ± 0.02 a | 8.59 ± 0.65 b | ||||||||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 39.0 ± 1.4 a | 41.0 ± 2.7 a | 9.44 ± 0.56 a | 32.46 ± 0.25 a | 0.61 ± 0.00 a | 12.44 ± 0.19 a | ||||||
| FRR | 36.8 ± 2.1 b | 35.0 ± 2.4 b | 8.26 ± 1.03 b | 31.10 ± 0.29 b | 0.64 ± 0.01 a | 11.56 ± 0.20 a | ||||||||
| Late rice | MRR | 34.2 ± 2.6 a | 39.4 ± 4.2 a | 11.98 ± 1.16 a | 25.80 ± 2.34 a | 0.71 ± 0.03 a | 16.33 ± 1.44 a | |||||||
| FRR | 29.1 ± 3.1 b | 32.7 ± 4.9 b | 10.48 ± 1.26 b | 25.63 ± 1.18 a | 0.75 ± 0.05 a | 14.46 ± 0.98 b | ||||||||
Table 6 Transformation ratio of dry matter in clum and leaves and sink-source characteristics under different treatments from full heading to maturity stage of rice in 2010 and 2011 (Mean ± SD, n = 3).
| Year | Season | Treatment | Transportation ratio of dry matter (%) | Transformation ratio of dry matter (%) | Photosynthetic potential | Photosynthetic potential/grain | Grain/leaf area | Total sink capacity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (× 104∙m2∙d) | ratio (m2∙d/grain) | ratio (grain/cm2) | (t/hm2) | |||||||||||
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 33.5 ± 2.9 a | 36.6 ± 0.3 a | 7.19 ± 1.92 a | 20.98 ± 2.33 a | 0.77 ± 0.04 b | 14.36 ± 0.99 a | ||||||
| FRR | 33.0 ± 1.8 a | 35.5 ± 0.6 b | 6.06 ± 1.06 b | 20.72 ± 1.77 a | 0.91 ± 0.01 a | 12.03 ± 0.65 b | ||||||||
| Late rice | MRR | 32.7 ± 2.3 a | 37.7 ± 1.0 a | 10.12 ± 1.25 a | 35.50 ± 1.01 a | 0.57 ± 0.01 b | 9.51 ± 0.76 a | |||||||
| FRR | 30.3 ± 1.2 b | 36.3 ± 0.8 b | 8.42 ± 0.90 b | 29.94 ± 0.78 b | 0.68 ± 0.02 a | 8.59 ± 0.65 b | ||||||||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 39.0 ± 1.4 a | 41.0 ± 2.7 a | 9.44 ± 0.56 a | 32.46 ± 0.25 a | 0.61 ± 0.00 a | 12.44 ± 0.19 a | ||||||
| FRR | 36.8 ± 2.1 b | 35.0 ± 2.4 b | 8.26 ± 1.03 b | 31.10 ± 0.29 b | 0.64 ± 0.01 a | 11.56 ± 0.20 a | ||||||||
| Late rice | MRR | 34.2 ± 2.6 a | 39.4 ± 4.2 a | 11.98 ± 1.16 a | 25.80 ± 2.34 a | 0.71 ± 0.03 a | 16.33 ± 1.44 a | |||||||
| FRR | 29.1 ± 3.1 b | 32.7 ± 4.9 b | 10.48 ± 1.26 b | 25.63 ± 1.18 a | 0.75 ± 0.05 a | 14.46 ± 0.98 b | ||||||||
| Year | Season | Treatment | SRBHS | SRBDAH | Nutrient uptake | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg/h) | (mg/h) | N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 1.28 ± 0.04 a | 0.67 ± 0.05 a | 167 ± 5.5 a | 50 ± 1.7 a | 196 ± 5.8 a |
| FRR | 1.22 ± 0.01 a | 0.58 ± 0.03 b | 138 ± 3.1 b | 44 ± 1.9 b | 172 ± 4.8 b | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 1.02 ± 0.05 a | 0.57 ± 0.03 a | 177 ± 3.9 a | 51 ± 1.3 a | 227 ± 7.2 a | |
| FRR | 0.96 ± 0.06 a | 0.47 ± 0.04 b | 158 ± 2.1 b | 46 ± 2.1 b | 207 ± 4.9 b | ||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 1.88 ± 0.10 a | 1.29 ± 0.12 a | 237 ± 6.5 a | 57 ± 2.6 a | 288 ± 8.1 a |
| FRR | 1.73 ± 0.20 a | 1.02 ± 0.13 b | 211 ± 4.9 b | 51 ± 1.5 b | 258 ± 4.9 b | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 1.18 ± 0.03 a | 0.80 ± 0.01 a | 218 ± 4.3 a | 57 ± 1.8 a | 278 ± 5.1 a | |
| FRR | 1.14 ± 0.03 a | 0.73 ± 0.02 b | 184 ± 3.4 b | 52 ± 1.2 b | 233 ± 6.8 b | ||
Table 7 Spikelet-root bleeding intensity under different treatments in 2010 and 2011 (Mean ± SD, n = 3).
| Year | Season | Treatment | SRBHS | SRBDAH | Nutrient uptake | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg/h) | (mg/h) | N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
| 2010 | Early rice | MRR | 1.28 ± 0.04 a | 0.67 ± 0.05 a | 167 ± 5.5 a | 50 ± 1.7 a | 196 ± 5.8 a |
| FRR | 1.22 ± 0.01 a | 0.58 ± 0.03 b | 138 ± 3.1 b | 44 ± 1.9 b | 172 ± 4.8 b | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 1.02 ± 0.05 a | 0.57 ± 0.03 a | 177 ± 3.9 a | 51 ± 1.3 a | 227 ± 7.2 a | |
| FRR | 0.96 ± 0.06 a | 0.47 ± 0.04 b | 158 ± 2.1 b | 46 ± 2.1 b | 207 ± 4.9 b | ||
| 2011 | Early rice | MRR | 1.88 ± 0.10 a | 1.29 ± 0.12 a | 237 ± 6.5 a | 57 ± 2.6 a | 288 ± 8.1 a |
| FRR | 1.73 ± 0.20 a | 1.02 ± 0.13 b | 211 ± 4.9 b | 51 ± 1.5 b | 258 ± 4.9 b | ||
| Late rice | MRR | 1.18 ± 0.03 a | 0.80 ± 0.01 a | 218 ± 4.3 a | 57 ± 1.8 a | 278 ± 5.1 a | |
| FRR | 1.14 ± 0.03 a | 0.73 ± 0.02 b | 184 ± 3.4 b | 52 ± 1.2 b | 233 ± 6.8 b | ||
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