Positive Regulation of Phytochrome B on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Chloroplast Development in Rice

doi:DOI: 10.1016/S1672-6308(13)60133-X

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Phytochromes in rice are encoded by a gene family composed of three members, PHYA, PHYB, and PHYC. Through characterizing the phytochrome mutants and wild type (WT) in terms of photomorphogenesis, roles of individual phytochromes have been preliminarily explored in regulating rice de-etiolation, flowering time and fertility. However, little information has been reported about whether or how phytochromes affect chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice. In this study, we compared the chlorophyll contents of wild type and the phyA, phyB and phyAphyB mutants grown under either white light (WL) or red light (R). The results suggest that phyB perceives R to positively regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis, while the role of phyA can be detected only in the phyB-deficient mutant. Analyses of the expression levels of genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis revealed that phytochromes affected the chlorophyll biosynthesis by regulating protochlorophyll oxidoreductase A (PORA) expression. The role of phyB in chloroplast development was also analyzed, and the results suggest that phyB perceives R to regulate chloroplast development by affecting the numbers of chloroplasts and grana, as well as the chloroplast membrane system.

关键词: rice, phytochrome, chlorophyll biosynthesis, protochlorophyll oxidoreductase A, chloroplast development

ZHAO Jie 1, 2, ZHOU Jin-jun 1, GU Jian-wei 1, WANG ying-ying 1, XIE Xian-zhi1, 2. Positive Regulation of Phytochrome B on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Chloroplast Development in Rice[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2013, 20(4): 243-248.

参考文献

Bae G, Choi G. 2008. Decoding of light signals by plant phytochromes and their interacting proteins. Annu Rev Plant Biol, 59: 281–311.
Basu D, Dehesh K, Schneider-Poetsch H J, Harrington S E, McCouch S R, Quail P H. 2000. Rice PHYC gene: Structure, expression, map position and evolution. Plant Mol Biol, 44: 27–42.
Batsuschauer A, Apel K. 1984. An inverse control by phytochrome of the expression of two nuclear genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Eur J Biochem, 143: 593–597.
Casal J J, Mazella M A. 1998. Conditional synergism between cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome B is shown by the analysis of phyA, phyB, and hy4 simple, double, and triple mutants in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol, 118(1): 19–25.
Chen M, Chory J. 2011. Phytochrome signaling mechanisms and the control of plant development. Trends Cell Biol, 21(11): 664–671.
Dehesh K, Tepperman J, Christensen A H, Quail P H. 1991. phyB is evolutionarily conserved and constitutively expressed in rice seedling shoots. Mol Gen Genet, 225: 305–313.
Franklin K A, Quail P H. 2010. Phytochrome functions in Arabidopsis development. J Exp Bot, 61: 11–24.
Gu J W, Liu J, Xue Y J, Zang X, Xie X Z. 2011. Functions of phytochrome in rice growth and development. Rice Sci, 18(3): 231–237.
Heyes D J, Hunter C N. 2005. Making light work of enzyme catalysis: Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Trends Biochem Sci, 30: 642–649.
Huq E, Al-Sady B, Hudson M, Kim C, Apel K, Quail P H. 2004. Phytochrome-interacting factor 1 is a critical bHLH regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Science, 305: 1937–1941.
Kay S A, Keith B, Shinozaki K, Chua N H. 1989. The sequence of the rice phytochrome gene. Nucl Acids Res, 17: 2865–2866.
Liu H W, Zhou R Y, Xu L. 2006. Participation of phytochrome in sterility alteration of photoperiod-sensitive female sterile ramie. Acta Agron Sin, 32: 597–600. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Liu J, Zhang F, Zhou J J, Chen F, Wang B S, Xie X Z. 2012. Phytochrome B control of total leaf area and stomatal density affects drought tolerance in rice. Plant Mol Biol, 78: 289–300.
Mapleston E R, Griffiths W T. 1980. Light modulation of the activity of the protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. Biochem J, 189: 125–133.
McCormac A C, Fischer A, Kumar A M, S?ll D, Terry M J. 2001. Regulation of HEMA1 expression by phytochrome and a plastid signal during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J, 25: 549–561.
McCormac A C, Terry M J. 2002. Loss of nuclear gene expression during the phytochrome A-mediated far-red block of greening response. Plant Physiol, 130: 402–414.
Moon J, Zhu L, Shen H, Huq E. 2008. PIF1 directly and indirectly regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis to optimize the greening process in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105: 9433–9438.
M?singer E, Batschauer A, Sch?fer E, Apel K. 1985. Phytochrome control of in vitro transcription of specific genes in isolated nuclei from barley (Hordeum vulgare). Eur J Biochem, 147: 137–142.
Neff M M, Chory J. 1998. Genetic interactions between phytochrome A, phytochrome B, and cryptochrome 1 during Arabidopsis development. Plant Physiol, 118(1): 27–35.
Reed J W, Nagpal P, Poole D S, Furuya M, Chory J. 1993. Mutations in the gene for red/far-red light receptor phytochrome B alter cell elongation and physiological responses throughout Arabidopsis development. Plant Cell, 5: 147–157.
Reed J W, Nagatani K, Elich T D, Fagan M, Chory J. 1994. Phytochrome A and phytochrome B have overlapping but distinct functions in Arabidopsis development. Plant Physiol, 104: 1139–1149.
Rüdiger W, Benz J, Guthoff C. 1980. Detection and partial characterization of activity of chlorophyll synthetase in etioplast membranes. Eur J Biochem, 109: 193–200.
Shi D Y, Liu Z X, Jin W W. 2009. Biosynthesis, catabolism and related signal regulations of plant chlorophyll. Hereditas, 31(7): 698–704. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Stephenson P G, Christian F, Matthew J T. 2009. PIF3 is repressor of chloroplast development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106: 7654–7659.
Suetsugu N, Wada M. 2007. Chloroplast photorelocation movement mediated by phototropin family proteins in green plants. Biol Chem, 388: 927–935.
Takano M, Kanegae H, Shinomura T, Miyao A, Hirohiko H, Furuya M. 2001. Isolation and characterization of rice phytochrome A mutants. Plant Cell, 13: 521–534.
Takano M, Inagaki N, Xie X Z, Yuzurihara N, Hihara F, Ishizuka T, Yano M, Nishimura M, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Shinomura T. 2005. Distinct and cooperative functions of phytochromes A, B and C in the control of deetiolation and flowering in rice. Plant Cell, 17: 3311–3325.
Takano M, Inagaki N, Xie X Z, Kiyota S, Baba-Kasai A, Tanabata T, Shinomura T. 2009. Phytochromes are the sole photoreceptors for perceiving red/far-red light in rice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106: 14705–14710.
Wu Z M, Zhang X, He B, Diao L P, Sheng S L, Wang J L, Guo X P, Su N, Wang L F, Jiang L, Wang C M, Zhai H Q, Wan J M. 2007. A chlorophyll-deficient rice mutant with impaired chlorophyllide esterification in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Plant Physiol, 145(1): 29?40.
Wu Z M, Zhang X, Wan J M. 2008. Molecular regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Plant Physiol Commun, 44(6): 1064– 1070. (in Chinese)
Xie X Z, Shinomura T, Inagaki N, Kiyota S, Takano M. 2007. Phytochrome-mediated inhibition of coleoptile growth in rice: Age-dependency and action spectra. Photochem Photobiol, 83: 131–138.
Xie X Z, Xue Y J, Zhou J J, Zhang B, Chang H, Takano M. 2011. Phytochromes regulate SA and JA signaling pathways in rice and are required for developmentally controlled resistance to Magnaporthe grisea. Mol Plant, 4(4): 688–696.
Zhang Q D. 1985. Methods to measure chlorophyll. Chin Bull Bot, 3: 60–64. (in Chinese)

[1]	LI Qianlong, FENG Qi, WANG Heqin, KANG Yunhai, ZHANG Conghe, DU Ming, ZHANG Yunhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Jinjie, HAN Bin, FANG Yu, WANG Ahong. Genome-Wide Dissection of Quan 9311A Breeding Process and Application Advantages[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 7-.
[2]	JI Dongling, XIAO Wenhui, SUN Zhiwei, LIU Lijun, GU Junfei, ZHANG Hao, Tom Matthew HARRISON, LIU Ke, WANG Zhiqin, WANG Weilu, YANG Jianchang. Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 12-.
[3]	Prathap V, Suresh KUMAR, Nand Lal MEENA, Chirag MAHESHWARI, Monika DALAL, Aruna TYAGI. Phosphorus Starvation Tolerance in Rice Through a Combined Physiological, Biochemical and Proteome Analysis[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 8-.
[4]	Serena REGGI, Elisabetta ONELLI, Alessandra MOSCATELLI, Nadia STROPPA, Matteo Dell’ANNO, Kiril PERFANOV, Luciana ROSSI. Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I_Milano Dimer in Rice Engineered Lines[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 6-.
[5]	Sundus ZAFAR, XU Jianlong. Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 4-.
[6]	Kankunlanach KHAMPUANG, Nanthana CHAIWONG, Atilla YAZICI, Baris DEMIRER, Ismail CAKMAK, Chanakan PROM-U-THAI. Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 9-.
[7]	FAN Fengfeng, CAI Meng, LUO Xiong, LIU Manman, YUAN Huanran, CHENG Mingxing, Ayaz AHMAD, LI Nengwu, LI Shaoqing. Novel QTLs from Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata Confer Rice Strong Tolerance to High Temperature at Seedling Stage[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 14-.
[8]	LIN Shaodan, YAO Yue, LI Jiayi, LI Xiaobin, MA Jie, WENG Haiyong, CHENG Zuxin, YE Dapeng. Application of UAV-Based Imaging and Deep Learning in Assessment of Rice Blast Resistance[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 10-.
[9]	Md. Forshed DEWAN, Md. AHIDUZZAMAN, Md. Nahidul ISLAM, Habibul Bari SHOZIB. Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and South-East Asia: A Review[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 5-.
[10]	Raja CHAKRABORTY, Pratap KALITA, Saikat SEN. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic and Cardiac Risk Preventive Effect of Chakhao Poireiton (A Pigmented Black Rice) in High-Fat High-Sugar induced Rats[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 11-.
[11]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(3): 217-232.
[12]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 118-124.
[13]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 77-87.
[14]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 88-97.
[15]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 98-108.