Rice Science ›› 2016, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 196-202.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2016.06.002
收稿日期:2015-07-17
接受日期:2015-10-19
出版日期:2016-07-28
发布日期:2016-04-11
. [J]. Rice Science, 2016, 23(4): 196-202.
| Location No. | Location | Country | GPS position | Topography | Land use | Fertilizer use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latitude (N) | Longitude (E) | Lowland a | Upland | |||||
| 1 | Malanville | Benin | 11°52′ | 3°23′ | FP | Rice (60) | - | Yes |
| 2 | Wanrarou | Benin | 10°10′ | 2°44′ | IV | Rice (5) | Fallow | No |
| 3 | Materi | Benin | 10°42′ | 1°02′ | IV | Rice (9) | Maize | No |
| 4 | Tiele | Benin | 10°43′ | 1°12′ | IV | Rice (15) | - | No |
| 5 | Kandi | Benin | 11°07′ | 2°55′ | IV | Rice (20) | Beans | Yes |
| 6 | Tampegre | Benin | 10°24′ | 1°21′ | IV | Rice (50) | - | No |
| 7 | Sori | Benin | 10°42′ | 2°47′ | IV | Rice (7) | Fallow | No |
| 8 | Beket-Bourame | Benin | 10°18′ | 1°44′ | IV | Rice (20) | - | No |
| 9 | Ndali | Benin | 9°50′ | 2°42′ | IV | Rice (17) | Maize | No |
| 10 | Kommon | Benin | 11°16′ | 2°24′ | IV | Rice (40) | Maize | No |
| 11 | Korobororou | Benin | 9°22′ | 2°40′ | IV | Fallow | Maize | Unknown |
| 12 | Kodowari | Benin | 9°12′ | 1°33′ | IV | Rice (5) | Maize | No |
| 13 | Okutaosse | Benin | 8°34′ | 1°41′ | IV | Rice (27) | Maize | No |
| 14 | Orokoto | Benin | 7°59′ | 2°13′ | IV | Rice (3) | - | No |
| 15 | Odochele | Benin | 7°49′ | 2°08′ | IV | Rice (10) | Maize | Yes |
| 16 | Gome-Ifada | Benin | 7°53′ | 2°13′ | IV | Rice (50) | Maize | Yes |
| 17 | Loule | Benin | 7°50′ | 2°13′ | IV | Rice (50) | Fallow | Unknown |
| 18 | Koussin | Benin | 7°14′ | 2°17′ | CT | Rice (40) | Maize | Unknown |
| 19 | Zongoundou | Benin | 7°00′ | 1°58′ | CT | Rice (13) | Maize | No |
| 20 | Ayize | Benin | 7°09′ | 2°29′ | CT | Rice (10) | Maize | Unknown |
| 21 | Tannou | Benin | 7°00′ | 1°43′ | IV | Rice (10) | Maize/beans | No |
| 22 | Dekandji | Benin | 6°47′ | 1°45′ | IV | Rice (30) | Maize/beans | Yes |
| 23 | Zadogagbe | Benin | 7°05′ | 2°08′ | IV | Rice (11) | - | Yes |
| 24 | Zoungo | Benin | 7°06′ | 2°31′ | IV | Fallow | - | Unknown |
| 25 | Deve | Benin | 6°45′ | 1°38′ | FP | Rice (35) | - | Yes |
| 26 | Badeggi | Nigeria | 9°06′ | 5°51′ | FP | Rice (100) | Soybean | Yes |
| 27 | Bida | Nigeria | 9°05′ | 6°01′ | IV | Rice (100) | Fallow | No |
| 28 | Doko | Nigeria | 8°56′ | 6°05′ | IV | Rice (100) | Groundnut | No |
| 29 | Ibadan | Nigeria | 7°30′ | 3°54′ | IV | Fallow | Maize | Yes |
Table 1 General description of field sampling sites.
| Location No. | Location | Country | GPS position | Topography | Land use | Fertilizer use | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latitude (N) | Longitude (E) | Lowland a | Upland | |||||
| 1 | Malanville | Benin | 11°52′ | 3°23′ | FP | Rice (60) | - | Yes |
| 2 | Wanrarou | Benin | 10°10′ | 2°44′ | IV | Rice (5) | Fallow | No |
| 3 | Materi | Benin | 10°42′ | 1°02′ | IV | Rice (9) | Maize | No |
| 4 | Tiele | Benin | 10°43′ | 1°12′ | IV | Rice (15) | - | No |
| 5 | Kandi | Benin | 11°07′ | 2°55′ | IV | Rice (20) | Beans | Yes |
| 6 | Tampegre | Benin | 10°24′ | 1°21′ | IV | Rice (50) | - | No |
| 7 | Sori | Benin | 10°42′ | 2°47′ | IV | Rice (7) | Fallow | No |
| 8 | Beket-Bourame | Benin | 10°18′ | 1°44′ | IV | Rice (20) | - | No |
| 9 | Ndali | Benin | 9°50′ | 2°42′ | IV | Rice (17) | Maize | No |
| 10 | Kommon | Benin | 11°16′ | 2°24′ | IV | Rice (40) | Maize | No |
| 11 | Korobororou | Benin | 9°22′ | 2°40′ | IV | Fallow | Maize | Unknown |
| 12 | Kodowari | Benin | 9°12′ | 1°33′ | IV | Rice (5) | Maize | No |
| 13 | Okutaosse | Benin | 8°34′ | 1°41′ | IV | Rice (27) | Maize | No |
| 14 | Orokoto | Benin | 7°59′ | 2°13′ | IV | Rice (3) | - | No |
| 15 | Odochele | Benin | 7°49′ | 2°08′ | IV | Rice (10) | Maize | Yes |
| 16 | Gome-Ifada | Benin | 7°53′ | 2°13′ | IV | Rice (50) | Maize | Yes |
| 17 | Loule | Benin | 7°50′ | 2°13′ | IV | Rice (50) | Fallow | Unknown |
| 18 | Koussin | Benin | 7°14′ | 2°17′ | CT | Rice (40) | Maize | Unknown |
| 19 | Zongoundou | Benin | 7°00′ | 1°58′ | CT | Rice (13) | Maize | No |
| 20 | Ayize | Benin | 7°09′ | 2°29′ | CT | Rice (10) | Maize | Unknown |
| 21 | Tannou | Benin | 7°00′ | 1°43′ | IV | Rice (10) | Maize/beans | No |
| 22 | Dekandji | Benin | 6°47′ | 1°45′ | IV | Rice (30) | Maize/beans | Yes |
| 23 | Zadogagbe | Benin | 7°05′ | 2°08′ | IV | Rice (11) | - | Yes |
| 24 | Zoungo | Benin | 7°06′ | 2°31′ | IV | Fallow | - | Unknown |
| 25 | Deve | Benin | 6°45′ | 1°38′ | FP | Rice (35) | - | Yes |
| 26 | Badeggi | Nigeria | 9°06′ | 5°51′ | FP | Rice (100) | Soybean | Yes |
| 27 | Bida | Nigeria | 9°05′ | 6°01′ | IV | Rice (100) | Fallow | No |
| 28 | Doko | Nigeria | 8°56′ | 6°05′ | IV | Rice (100) | Groundnut | No |
| 29 | Ibadan | Nigeria | 7°30′ | 3°54′ | IV | Fallow | Maize | Yes |
Fig. 1. Soil pH and contents of organic C, total N and available P in soil samples.
Fig. 2. Contents of acetate-buffer soluble Si and anaerobic- incubation soluble Si in soil samples.
| Soil property | Acetate-buffer soluble Si | |
|---|---|---|
| Lowland (n = 29) | Upland (n = 21) | |
| pH | 0.74*** | 0.67*** |
| Available P | 0.22 | 0.60** |
| Total N | 0.18 | 0.91*** |
| Organic C | 0.2 | 0.91*** |
| Exchangeable K | 0.51** | 0.84*** |
| Exchangeable Ca | 0.77*** | 0.92*** |
| Exchangeable Mg | 0.42* | 0.79*** |
| Exchangeable Na | 0.23 | 0.52* |
| Exchange acidity | -0.19 | -0.38 |
| ECEC | 0.64*** | 0.92*** |
Table 2 Correlation analysis of acetate-buffer soluble Si content with selected properties of soil samples.
| Soil property | Acetate-buffer soluble Si | |
|---|---|---|
| Lowland (n = 29) | Upland (n = 21) | |
| pH | 0.74*** | 0.67*** |
| Available P | 0.22 | 0.60** |
| Total N | 0.18 | 0.91*** |
| Organic C | 0.2 | 0.91*** |
| Exchangeable K | 0.51** | 0.84*** |
| Exchangeable Ca | 0.77*** | 0.92*** |
| Exchangeable Mg | 0.42* | 0.79*** |
| Exchangeable Na | 0.23 | 0.52* |
| Exchange acidity | -0.19 | -0.38 |
| ECEC | 0.64*** | 0.92*** |
Fig. 3. Relationships of Si concentration in rice straw at the harvest stage with acetate-buffer soluble Si (A) and anaerobic-incubation soluble Si (B), respectively.
| Elementalal composition | Si | |
|---|---|---|
| and agronomic trait | Lowland | Upland |
| C | 0.96*** | 0.90*** |
| N | 0.89*** | 0.86*** |
| P | 0.65** | 0.68** |
| K | 0.71** | 0.90*** |
| Ca | 0.74** | -0.77** |
| Mg | 0.91*** | 0.58* |
| No. of panicles per pot | 0.90*** | 0.76** |
| No. of spikelets per panicle | 0.3 | 0.24 |
| Seed-setting rate | -0.02 | -0.13 |
| 1000-grain weight | -0.26 | -0.44 |
| Grain yield | 0.97*** | 0.74** |
Table 3 Correlation matrix of Si concentration with concentrations of other nutrients in rice straw and with grain yield and yield components of rice (n = 16).
| Elementalal composition | Si | |
|---|---|---|
| and agronomic trait | Lowland | Upland |
| C | 0.96*** | 0.90*** |
| N | 0.89*** | 0.86*** |
| P | 0.65** | 0.68** |
| K | 0.71** | 0.90*** |
| Ca | 0.74** | -0.77** |
| Mg | 0.91*** | 0.58* |
| No. of panicles per pot | 0.90*** | 0.76** |
| No. of spikelets per panicle | 0.3 | 0.24 |
| Seed-setting rate | -0.02 | -0.13 |
| 1000-grain weight | -0.26 | -0.44 |
| Grain yield | 0.97*** | 0.74** |
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