Diversity of Sodium Transporter HKT1;5 in Genus Oryza
Received date: 2021-01-23
Accepted date: 2021-05-17
Online published: 2021-12-20
Asian cultivated rice shows allelic variation in sodium transporter, OsHKT1;5, correlating with shoot sodium exclusion (salinity tolerance). These changes map to intra/extracellularly-oriented loops that occur between four transmembrane-P loop-transmembrane (MPM) motifs in OsHKT1;5. HKT1;5 sequences from more recently evolved Oryza species (O. sativa/O. officinalis complex species) contain two expansions that involve two intracellularly oriented loops/helical regions between MPM domains, potentially governing transport characteristics, while more ancestral HKT1;5 sequences have shorter intracellular loops. We compared homology models for homoeologous OcHKT1;5-K and OcHKT1;5-L from halophytic O. coarctata to identify complementary amino acid residues in OcHKT1;5-L that potentially enhance affinity for Na+. Using haplotyping, we showed that Asian cultivated rice accessions only have a fraction of HKT1;5 diversity available in progenitor wild rice species (O. nivara and O. rufipogon). Progenitor HKT1;5 haplotypes can thus be used as novel potential donors for enhancing cultivated rice salinity tolerance. Within Asian rice accessions, 10 non-synonymous HKT1;5 haplotypic groups occur. More HKT1;5 haplotypic diversities occur in cultivated indica gene pool compared to japonica. Predominant Haplotypes 2 and 10 occur in mutually exclusive japonica and indica groups, corresponding to haplotypes in O. sativa salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant landraces, respectively. This distinct haplotype partitioning may have originated in separate ancestral gene pools of indica and japonica, or from different haplotypes selected during domestication. Predominance of specific HKT1;5 haplotypes within the 3 000 rice dataset may relate to eco-physiological fitness in specific geo-climatic and/or edaphic contexts.
Shalini Pulipati, Suji Somasundaram, Nitika Rana, Kavitha Kumaresan, Mohamed Shafi, Peter Civáň, Gothandapani Sellamuthu, Deepa Jaganathan, Prasanna Venkatesan Ramaravi, S. Punitha, Kalaimani Raju, Shrikant S. Mantri, R. Sowdhamini, Ajay Parida, Gayatri Venkataraman . Diversity of Sodium Transporter HKT1;5 in Genus Oryza[J]. Rice Science, 2022 , 29(1) : 31 -46 . DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.12.003
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