Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Herbivores and Its Stimulation to Major 
Insect Pests in Rice

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Nitrogen is one of the most important factors in development of herbivore populations. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in plants can normally increase herbivore feeding preference, food consumption, survival, growth, reproduction, and population density, except few examples that nitrogen fertilizer reduces the herbivore performances. In most of the rice growing areas in Asia, the great increases in populations of major insect pests of rice, including planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera), leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), and stem borers (Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, S. innotata, C. polychrysus and Sesamia inferens) were closely related to the long-term excessive application
of nitrogen fertilizers. The optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated paddy fields is proposed to improve the fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and reduce the environmental pollution.

关键词: nitrogen fertilizer, herbivore, insect pests, rice, fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency

LU Zhong-xian, YU Xiao-ping, Kong-luen HEONG , HU Cui. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Herbivores and Its Stimulation to Major
Insect Pests in Rice[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2007, 14(1): 56-66 .

参考文献

1 Conway G R. The Doubly Green Revolution: Food for all in the 21st Century. New York: Cornell University Press, 1997.
2 Conway G R, Pretty J N. Unwelcome Harvest: Agriculture and pollution. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 1991.
3 Scriber J M. Nitrogen nutrition for plants and insect invasion.In: Hauch R D. Nitrogen in Crop Production. Wisconson:ASA-CSSA-SSSA, USA, 1984: 441-460.
4 Southwood T R E. The insect/plant relationship – an evolutionary perspective. In: Emden F V. Insect-plant Relationship. Symposia of the Royal Entomological Society of London. No 6. Oxford: Blackwell, 1973: 3-30.
5 Bernays E A. Insect-plant Interactions Ⅶ. Florida: CRC Press,1990.
6 Simpson S J, Simpson C L. The mechanisms of nutritional compensation by phytophagous insects. In: Bernays E A.Insect-plant Interactions, Vol. II. New York: CPC Press, Inc,1990: 111-160.
7 Barbour J D, Farrar R R, Kennedy G G. Interaction of fertilizer regime with host plant resistance in tomato. EntomolExp Appl, 1991, 60: 289-300.
8 Slansky F J, Scriber J M. Food consumption and utilization. In: Kerkut G A, Gilbert L I. Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, 4. Pergamon: Oxford, 1985: 87-163.
9 Bernays E A, Chapman R F. Host-plant Selection by Phytophagous Insects. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1994.
10 Bentz J A, Reeves J III, Barbosa P, Francis B. Within-plant variation in nitrogen and sugar content of poinsettia and itseffects on the oviposition pattern, survival, and development of Bemisia argentifolii. Environ Entomol, 1995, 24: 271-277.
11 Bentz J A, Reeves J III, Barbosa P, Francis B. Nitrogen fertilizer effect on selection, acceptance and suitability ofEuphorbia pulcherrima as a host plant to Bemisia tabaci. Environ Entomol, 1995, 24: 40-45.
12 Mattson W J. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Ann Rev Ecol Syst, 1980, 11: 19-61.
13 Chu Y I, Horng S B. Effect of slag and nitrogen fertilizer on the damage of Asian corn borer to field corn. Mem Coll Agric,Natl Taiwan Univ, 1994, 34(1): 45-53.
14 Cisneros J J, Godfrey L D. Midseason pest status of the cotton aphid in California cotton: Is nitrogen a key factor? EnvironEntomol, 2001, 30: 501-510.
15 Bentz J A, Reeves J III, Barbosa P, Francis B. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer source and level on ovipositional choice ofpoinsettia by Bemisia argentifolii. J Econ Entomol, 1995, 88:1388-1392.
16 Bentz J A, Larew H G. Ovipositional preference and nymphal performance of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Dendranthema grandiflora under different fertilizer regimes. J Econ Entomol,1992, 85: 514-517.
17 Noldus L P, Xu R, van Lenteren J C. The parasite-host between Encarsia formosa Gahan and Trialeurodes vaporariorum XIX. Feeding-site selection by the greenhouse whitefly. J Appl Entomol, 1986, 101: 492-507.
18 Jauset A M, Sarasua M J, Avilla J, Albajes R. The impact of nitrogen fertilization of tomato of feeding site selection andoviposition by Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Entomol Exp Appl, 1998, 86: 175-182.
19 Minkenberg O P, Fredrix M J. Preference and performance of a herbivorous fly, Liriomyza trifilii, on tomato plants differing in leaf nitrogen. Ann Entomol Soc Am, 1989, 82 (3): 350-354.
20 Papaj D R, Rausher M D. Individual variation in host location by phytophagous insects. In: Ahmad S. Herbivorous Insects:Host seeking behavior and mechanisms. New York: Academic, 1983: 77-124.
21 White T C R. The Inadequate Environment: Nitrogen and the abundance of animals. Berlin: Springer, 1993.
22 Fischer K, Fiedler K. Response of the copper butterfly Lycaena tityus to increased leaf nitrogen in natural food plants:Evidence against the nitrogen limitation hypothesis. Oecologia, 2000, 124: 235-241.
23 Fox L R, Eisenbach J. Effects of experimental design and nitrogen on cabbage butterfly oviposition. Oecologia, 1989,80: 211-214.
24 Rossi A M, Brodbeck B V, Strong D R. Response of xylem-feeding leafhopper to host plant species and plant quality. J Chem Ecol, 1996, 22(4): 653-671.64 Rice Science, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2007
25 Qin J D, Wang C Z. The relation of interaction between insects and plants to evolution. Acta Entomol Sin, 2001, 44(3):360-365.
26 Hattenschwiler S, Schafellner C. Opposing effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition on Lymantria monacha larvaefeeding on spruce trees. Oecologia, 1999, 118: 210-217.
27 Slansky F J, Feeny P. Stabilization of the rate of nitrogen accumulation by larvae of the cabbage butterfly on wild andcultivated food plants. Ecol Monographs, 1977, 47: 209-228.
28 Wier A T, Boethel D J. Feeding, growth, and survival of soybean looper in response to nitrogen fertilization of nonnodulating soybean. Environ Entomol, 1995, 24: 326-331.
29 Blua M J, Toscano K. Bemisia argentifolii development and honeydew production as a function of cotton nitrogen status. Environ Entomol, 1994, 23: 316-321.
30 Rausher M D. Host plant selection by Battus philenor butterflies: The roles of predation, nutrition, and plant chemistry. Ecol Monographs, 1981, 51: 1-20.
31 Wheeler G S, Van T K, Center T D. Herbivore adaptations to a low nutrient food: Weed biological control specialistSpodoptera pectinicornis fed the floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes. Environ Entomol, 1998, 27: 993-1000.
32 Douglas A E. Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: Aphids and their symbioitic bacteria Buchnera.Ann Rev Entomol, 1998, 43: 17-37.
33 Douglas A E. Reproductive failure and the free amino acid pools in pea aphids lacking symbiotic bacteria. J InsectPhysiol, 1996, 42: 247-255.
34 Sasaki T, Kawamura M, Ishikawa H. Nitrogen recycling in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, involvement ofyeast-like endosymbionts in uric acid metabolism. J Insect Physiol, 1996, 42: 125-129.
35 Jansson R K, Smilowitz Z. Influence of nitrogen on population parameters of potato insects: Abundance, population growth, and within-plant distribution of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Environ Entomol, 1986, 15:49-55.
36 Kaneshiro L N, Johnson M W. Tritropic effects of leaf nitrogen on Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and an associated parasitoid Chrysocharis oscinidis (Ashmead) on bean. Biol Control, 1996, 6: 186-192.
37 Minkenberg O P, Ottenheim J J. Effect of leaf nitrogen content of tomato plants on preference and performance of aleafmining fly. Oecologia, 1990, 83: 291-298.
38 Prestidge R A. Instar duration, adult consumption, oviposition and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of leafhoppers feeding on ifferent quality food. Ecol Entomol, 1982, 7: 91-101.
39 Jauset A M, Sarasua M J, Avilla J, Albajes R. Effect of nitrogen fertilization level applied to tomato on the greenhouse whitefly. Crop Prot, 2000, 19: 255-261.
40 Liu S, Wang Y Z. The preliminary study on the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizers on cotton bollworm. JHebei Agric Univ, 1989, 12(1): 81-87
41 Gong P Y, Li X Z. Effects of diet nitrogen on the development and fecundity of cotton bollworm. Acta Entomol Sin, 1992, 35: 46-46
42 Xia J Y, Ma Y, Wang C Y. Effects of host plant with different nitrogen fertilizer on the development and reproduction ofcotton bollworm. Acta Entomol Sin, 1997, 40(suppl): 95-102.
43 Bethke J A, Redak R A, Schuch U K. Melon aphid performance on chrysanthemum as mediated by cultivar, anddifferentiallevels of fertilization and irrigation. Entomol ExpAppl, 1998, 88: 41-47.
44 Casey C A, Raupp M J. Supplemental nitrogen fertilization ofcontainerized azalea does not affect performance of Azalealace bug. Environ Entomol, 1999, 28: 998-1003.
45 Bi J L, Ballmer G R, Hendrix D L, Henneberry T J, ToscanoN C. Effect of cotton nitrogen fertilization on Bemisiaargentifolii population and honeydew production. EntomolExp Appl, 2001, 99: 25-36.
46 Metcalfe J R. Studies on the effect of the nutrient status ofsugar cane on the fecundity of Saccharosydne saccharivora.Bull Entomol Res, 1970, 60: 309-325.
47 Nevo E, Coll M. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on Aphisgossypii variation in size, color, and reproduction. J EconEntomol, 2001, 94: 27-32.
48 Ali A G, Ahmed A. Effect of plant density and nitrogenfertilization on the infestation in wheat plants with cerealaphids. Assiut J Agric Sci, 1996, 27: 119-124.
49 Archer T L, Onken A B, Matheson R L, Jr Bynum E D.Nitrogen fertilizer influence on greenbug dynamics anddamage to sorghum. J Econ Entomol, 1982, 75: 695-698.
50 Bowdish T I, Stiling P. The influence of salt and nitrogen onherbivore abundance: Direct and indirect effects. Oecologia,1998, 113: 400-405.
51 Duffield S J, Bryson R J, Young J E, Sylvester-Bradley R,Scott R K. The influence of nitrogen fertilizer on thepopulation development of the cereal aphids Sitobion avenaeand Metopolophium dirhodum on field grown winter wheat.Ann Appl Biol, 1997, 130: 13-26.
52 Fox L R, Letourneau D K, Eisenbach J, van Nouhuys S.Parasitism rate and sex ratios of a parasitoid wasp: Effects ofherbivore and plant quality. Oecologia, 1990, 83: 414-419.
53 Moon D C, Rossi A M, Stiling P. The effects of abioticallyinduced changes in host plant quality (and morphology) on asalt marsh planthopper and its parasitoid. Ecol Entomol, 2000,25: 325-331.
54 Prestidge R A. The influence of nitrogenous fertilizer on thegrassland auchenorrhyncha. J Appl Ecol, 1982, 19: 735-749.
55 Su J W, Men X Y, Ge F, Liu X H, Li H D, et al. Effect ofnitrogen fertilizer on pest population and cotton production.Chinese J Appl Ecol, 2003, 14(10): 1735-1738. (in Chinesewith English abstract)
56 Ebert T A. Aphids and Plant Nitrogen. Poway: Welton Ln,1996.
57 Coulibaly R. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the damage ofEldana saccharina Walker to sugar cane. Sugar Cane,1990(Suppl): 18-20.
58 Joern A, Behmer S T. Impact of diet quality on demographicattributes in adult grasshopper and the nitrogen limitationhypothesis. Ecol Entomol, 1998, 23: 174-184.LU Zhong-xian, et al. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Herbivores and Its Stimulation for Major Insect Pests in Rice 65
59 Chau A, Heinz K M, Davies F T. Preliminary study on theeffect of nitrogen fertilization on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii.IOBC/wprs Bulletin, 2002, 25(1): 53-56.
60 Vos J G M, Frinking T F. Nitrogen fertilization as acomponent of integrated pest management of hot pepperunder tropic lowland conditions. Intl J Pest Manag, 1997, 43:1-10.
61 Inouye R, Tilman D. Convergency and divergence of old fieldvegetation after 11 years of nitrogen addition. Ecology, 1995,76: 1872-1887.
62 Haddad N M, Haarstad J, Tilman D. The effects of long-termnitrogen loading on grassland insect communities. Oecologia,2000, 124: 73-84.
63 Siemann E, Tilman D, Haarstad J, Ritchie M. Experimentaltests of the dependence of arthropod diversity on plantdiversity. Am Nat, 1998, 152: 738-750.
64 de Kraker J. The potential of natural enemies to suppress riceleaffolder populations. [PhD thesis]. Wageningen:Wageningen Agricultural University, 1996.
65 de Kraker J, Rabbinge R, Huis A V, Lenteren J C V, Heong KL. Impact of nitrogenous-fertilization on the populationdynamics and natural control of rice leaffolder (Lep:Pyralidae). Intl J Pest Manag, 2000, 46: 225-235.
66 Dan J G, Chen C M. The effects of fedding condition on thegrowth, development and reproduction of rice leaffolder. ActaPhytophyla Sin, 1990, 17: 193-199. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
67 Liang G W, Luo G H, Li C F. Effects of fertilizer applicationon the adult and egg density of the rice leaffolder. GuangdongAgric Sci, 1984, 14(2): 34-35. (in Chinese)
68 Swaminathan K, Saroja R, Raju N. Influence of source andlevel of nitrogen application on pest incidence. IRRN, 1985,10(1): 24.
69 Zhang G F, Lu C T, Shen X C, Wang W X. The synthesizedecological effect of rice density and nitrogen fertilizer on theoccurrence of main rice pests. Acta Phytophyla Sin, 1995,22(1): 38-44. (in Chinese with English abstract)
70 Wilson M R, Claridge M F. Handbook for Identification ofLeaffolder and Planthoppers of Rice. Wallingford: CABInternational, 1991.
71 Cheng C H. Effect of nitrogen application on thesusceptibility in rice to brown planthopper attack. J TaiwanAgric Res, 1971, 20(3): 21-30.
72 Lu Z X, Heong K L, Yu X P, Hu C. Effects of nitrogennutrient on the behavior of feeding and oviposition of thebrown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, on IR64. J ZhejiangUniv: Agric & Life Sci, 2005, 31(1): 62-70. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
73 Wang M Q, Wu R Z. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on theresistance of rice varieties to brown planthopper. GuangdongAgric Sci, 1991 (1): 25-27. (in Chinese)
74 Sogawa K. Studies on feeding habits of brown planthopper: I.Effects of nitrogen-deficiency of host plants on insect feeding.Japan J Appl Entomol Zool, 1970, 14: 101-106.
75 Lu Z X，Heong K L, Yu X P, Hu C. Effects of plant nitrogenon ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvatalugens, in rice. J Asia-Pacific Entomol, 2004, 7(1): 97-104.
76 Balasubramanian P, Palaniappan S P, Gopalan M. The effectof carbofuran and nitrogen on leaf folder incidence. IRRN,1983, 8: 13-14.
77 Preap V, Zalucki M P, Nesbitt H J, Jahn G C. Effect offertilizer, pesticide treatment, and plant variety on the realizedfecundity and survival rates of brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens, generating outbreaks in Cambodia. JAsia-Pacific Entomol, 2001, 4: 75-84.
78 Hosamani M M, Jayakumar B V, Sharma K M. Sources andlevels of nitrogenous fertilizers in relation to incidence ofbrown planthoppwe in Bhadra Project. Curr Res, 1986, 15:132-134.
79 Li R D, Ding J H, Hu G W, Shu D M. The Brownplanthopper and Its Population Management. Shanghai:Fudan University Press, 1996. (in Chinese)
80 Uhm K B, Hyun J S, Choi K M. Effects of the different levelsof nitrogen fertilizer and planting space on the populationgrowth of the brown planthopper. Res Report RDA: P M & U,1985, 27(2): 79-85.
81 Kanno H, Kim M, Ishii S. Feeding activity of the brownplanthopper on rice plants manured with different levels ofnitrogen. Japan J Appl Entomol Zool, 1977, 21(2): 110-112.
82 Lu Z X, Villareal S, Yu X P, Heong K L, Hu C. Effect ofnitrogen on water content, sap flow and tolerance of riceplants to brown planthopper. Rice Sci, 2004, 11(3): 129-134
83 Heinrichs E A, Medrano F G. Influence of nitrogen fertilizeron the population development of brown planthopper. IRRN,1985, 10(6): 20.
84 Liu C M, Wu R Z. Influence of light intensity and nitrogenfertilizer on resistance to brown planthopper in rice. J SouthChina Agric Univ, 1992, 13(2): 27-33. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
85 Kumar P, Pathak P K. A simple and accurate method ofquantifying honeydew excretion in brown planthopper. IndianJ Entomol, 2001, 63: 208-210.
86 Hu J Z, Lu Q H, Yang J S. Effects of fertilizer and irrigationon the population of main insect pests and the yield of rice.Acta Entomol Sin, 1986, 29(1): 49-54. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
87 Ma K C, Lee S C. Occurrence of major rice insect pests atdifferent transplanting times and fertilizer levels in paddyfield. Korean J Appl Entomol, 1996, 35(2): 132-136.
88 Prasad J, Misra D S. Influence of different levels N, P and Kon the population of leaffolder and planthoppers. In: ChelliahT, Balasubramanian M. Pest Management in Rice.Coimbatore: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 1983:245-254.
89 Wu L H, Zhu Z R. The relationship between rice leaf colorand occurrence of rice diseases and insects and its mechanism.Chinese J Rice Sci, 1994, 8(4): 231-235. (in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
90 Alinia F, Ghareyazie B, Rubia L, Bennett J, Cohen M B.Effect of plant age, larval age, and fertilizer treatment onresistance of a cry1Ab-transformed aromatic rice toLepidopterous stem borers and foliage feeders. J EconEntomol, 2000, 93: 484-493.66 Rice Science, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2007
91 Yein B R, Das G R. Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels onthe incidence of insect pests of rice. Pesticide, 1988, 22:37-40.
92 Tan Y C. Preliminary study on relationship of nitrogenfertilizer with population of stripped stem borer. EntomolKnowl, 1986, 23(3): 101-102.
93 Swaminathan K, Saroja R, Raju N. Influence of source andlevel of nitrogen application on pest incidence. IRRN, 1985,10(1): 24.
94 Sta Cruz P C. Simbahan G C, Hill J E, Dobermann A, ZeiglerR S, Du P V, dela Pe?a F A, Samiayyan K, Suparyono, TuatV N, Zheng Z. Pest profiles at varying nutrient input levels. In:Peng S, Hardy B. Rice Research for Food Security andPoverty Alleviation. Manila: IRRI, 2001: 431-440.
95 Liu G J, Qin H G. The advance in rice stem borer research inChina. Entomol Knowl, 1997, 34: 171-174. (in Chinese)
96 Sinclair T. Historical changes in harvest index and cropnitrogen accumulation. Crop Sci, 1998, 38: 638-643.
97 Srivastava H S, Singh R P. Nitrogen Nutrition and Plant Growth.Enfield: Science Publishers Inc, 1999.
98 Fischer K S. Toward increasing nutrient-use efficiency in ricecropping systems: The next generation of technology. FieldCrops Res, 1998, 56: 1-6.
99 Panda N, Khush G S. Host Plant Resistance to Insects.Wallingford: CAB International, 1995: 67-103.
100 Singh J, Singh Y, Ladha J K, Bronson K F, BalasubramanianV, Singh J, Khind C S. Chlorophyll meter- and leaf colorchart-based nitrogen management for rice and wheat inNorthwestern India. Agron J, 2002, 94: 821-829.
101 Peng S, Laza R C, Garcia F V, Cassman K G. Chlorophyllmeter estimates leaf area-based nitrogen concentration of rice.Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal, 1995, 26: 927-935.
102 FAO. Statistical databases. http://www.FAO.org. 2001.
103 Peng S B, Huang J L, Zhong X H, Yang J C, Wang G H, ZouY B, Zhang F S, Zhu Q S, Buresh R, Witt C. Challenge andopportunity in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency ofirrigated rice in China. Agric Sci China, 2002, 1(7): 776-785.

[1]	LI Qianlong, FENG Qi, WANG Heqin, KANG Yunhai, ZHANG Conghe, DU Ming, ZHANG Yunhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Jinjie, HAN Bin, FANG Yu, WANG Ahong. Genome-Wide Dissection of Quan 9311A Breeding Process and Application Advantages[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 7-.
[2]	JI Dongling, XIAO Wenhui, SUN Zhiwei, LIU Lijun, GU Junfei, ZHANG Hao, Tom Matthew HARRISON, LIU Ke, WANG Zhiqin, WANG Weilu, YANG Jianchang. Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 12-.
[3]	Prathap V, Suresh KUMAR, Nand Lal MEENA, Chirag MAHESHWARI, Monika DALAL, Aruna TYAGI. Phosphorus Starvation Tolerance in Rice Through a Combined Physiological, Biochemical and Proteome Analysis[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 8-.
[4]	Serena REGGI, Elisabetta ONELLI, Alessandra MOSCATELLI, Nadia STROPPA, Matteo Dell’ANNO, Kiril PERFANOV, Luciana ROSSI. Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I_Milano Dimer in Rice Engineered Lines[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 6-.
[5]	Sundus ZAFAR, XU Jianlong. Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 4-.
[6]	Kankunlanach KHAMPUANG, Nanthana CHAIWONG, Atilla YAZICI, Baris DEMIRER, Ismail CAKMAK, Chanakan PROM-U-THAI. Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 9-.
[7]	FAN Fengfeng, CAI Meng, LUO Xiong, LIU Manman, YUAN Huanran, CHENG Mingxing, Ayaz AHMAD, LI Nengwu, LI Shaoqing. Novel QTLs from Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata Confer Rice Strong Tolerance to High Temperature at Seedling Stage[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 14-.
[8]	LIN Shaodan, YAO Yue, LI Jiayi, LI Xiaobin, MA Jie, WENG Haiyong, CHENG Zuxin, YE Dapeng. Application of UAV-Based Imaging and Deep Learning in Assessment of Rice Blast Resistance[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 10-.
[9]	Md. Forshed DEWAN, Md. AHIDUZZAMAN, Md. Nahidul ISLAM, Habibul Bari SHOZIB. Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and South-East Asia: A Review[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 5-.
[10]	Raja CHAKRABORTY, Pratap KALITA, Saikat SEN. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic and Cardiac Risk Preventive Effect of Chakhao Poireiton (A Pigmented Black Rice) in High-Fat High-Sugar induced Rats[J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 11-.
[11]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(3): 217-232.
[12]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 118-124.
[13]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 77-87.
[14]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 88-97.
[15]	. [J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(2): 98-108.