Evaluation of Protocols for Measuring Leaf Photosynthetic Properties of Field-Grown Rice

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2016.08.007

摘要/Abstract

关键词: rice, gas exchange, photosynthetic property, in situ, high efficiency all-weather photosynthetic measurement system

. [J]. Rice Science, 2017, 24(1): 1-9.

Fig. 1. Weather variations throughout the year and photosynthetic light response curves (A-Q curves) on a typical cloudy day at Songjiang Experimental Station, Shanghai, China in 2015.A, Average daytime temperature and average daytime relative humidity (RH); B, Daily integrated photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD); C, Daytime light level variation of 10 September; D, A-Q curves measured outdoor under different incident radiations on 10 September. Lines in parts A and B correspond to the date of 10 September.

Fig. 2. Comparison of photosynthetic curves and stomatal conductance curves of attached leaves and detached leaves.A, Comparison of A-Ci curves measured on leaves before detachment (BD), immediately after detachment (0 h-AD), 1 h after detachment (1 h-AD) and 3 h after detachment (3 h-AD); B, Comparison of gs-Ci curves before and after detachment; C, Comparison of A-Q curves before and after detachment; D, Comparison of gs-Q curves before and after detachment. PPFD, Phtosynthetically active photon flux density.

Fig. 3. The new indoor photosynthetic measurements facility high-efficiency all-weather photosynthetic measurements system (HAPS). A, Overall design of HAPS; B, Self-designed high performance lithium battery with independent adaptor socket versus standard lead-acid battery provided by Li-Cor Inc; C, Plants in HAPS and measurement of distance to artificial light source of different leaf-position leaves; D, Attenuation of light levels with distance from the light source (Mean ± SD, n = 4), and the lines show the average distances from light source of flag leaf, the 3rd and the 5th leaves from the top; E, Light spectrum of artificial light-emitting diodes source used in HAPS.

Fig. 4. Comparison of measured photosynthetic carbon dioxide response curves (A-Ci curves, A) and photosynthetic light response curves (A-Q curves, B) using high-efficiency all-weather photosynthetic measurement systems and measured in situ (Mean ± SD).PPFD, Phtosynthetically active photon flux density.Four replications from different blocks were included in each curve, and no statistical significant difference was found.

Table 1 Fitted parameters measured indoor or outdoor at different growth stages (Mean ± SD, n = 4).

Parameter	Tillering stage		Jointing stage		Flowering stage		Mid grain filling stage
Parameter	6 August (Outdoor)	12 August (Indoor)	19 August (Indoor)	27 August (Outdoor)	10 September (Outdoor)	18 September (Indoor)	2 October (Outdoor)	9 October (Indoor)
V_cmax	195.90 ± 17.54	197.77 ± 9.92	144.91 ± 13.52	136.95 ± 20.82	140.08 ± 9.35	136.07 ± 5.81	99.69 ± 12.88	92.18 ± 5.92
J_max	227.44 ± 17.66	221.77 ± 13.01	192.27 ± 14.06	190.43 ± 24.48	187.44 ± 6.85	182.41 ± 9.01	144.39 ± 11.88	142.69 ± 9.90
ϕ_CO2	0.047 ± 0.008	0.058 ± 0.004	0.048 ± 0.005	0.035 ± 0.021	0.028 ± 0.010	0.048 ± 0.005	0.045 ± 0.010	0.040 ± 0.010
A_sat	42.16 ± 3.76	33.12 ± 4.09	25.65 ± 2.55	29.82 ± 7.16	23.19 ± 4.43	24.69 ± 1.94	21.46 ± 5.11	17.74 ± 2.35
R_d	1.67 ± 0.12	0.80 ± 0.13	0.93 ± 0.27	1.09 ± 0.42	0.85 ± 0.29	0.70 ± 0.22	1.03 ± 0.17	0.68 ± 0.04
V_cmax, Maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation [(μmol/(m²∙s)]; J_max, Maximum rate of electron transport for RuBP regeneration [(μmol/(m²∙s)]; ϕ_CO2, Maximum apparent quantum efficiency; A_sat, Light-saturated photosynthetic rate [(μmol/(m²∙s)]; R_d, Dark respiration rate [(μmol/(m²∙s)].

Fig. 5. Standard deviation of photosynthesis rate for each recording using high-efficiency all-weather photosynthetic measurement systems (HAPS) and in situ measurement during whole growth season. A, Standard deviation (SD) distribution of recordings using HAPS for A-Ci curves; B, SD distribution of recordings for in situ measurement of A-Ci curves; C, Comparison of average SDs for recordings using HAPS and recordings for in situ measurement of A-Ci curves (Mean ± SD, n = 1 982); D, SD distribution of recordings using HAPS for A-Q curves measurement; E, SD distribution of recordings for in situ measurement of A-Q curves; F, Comparison of average SDs for recordings using HAPS and recordings for in situ measurement of A-Q curves (Mean ± SD, n = 1 328). There are more than 1 000 records for each distribution shown in panel A, B, D and E. **** means P-value < 10-7.

Fig. 6. Typical indoor photosynthetic carbon dioxide response curves (A-Ci, left) and photosynthetic light response curves (A-Q, right) measured before 17:00 pm and after 17:00 pm using high-efficiency all-weather photosynthetic measurement systems.PPFD, Phtosynthetically active photon flux density.

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