Effects of Rice-Fish Co-culture on Oxygen Consumption in Intensive Aquaculture Pond

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2018.12.004

Abstract

Abstract:

Rice-fish co-culture has gained increasing attention to remediate the negative environmental impacts induced by intensive aquaculture. However, the effect of rice-fish co-culture on oxygen depletion has rarely been investigated. We constructed a rice-fish co-culture system in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) ponds using a new high-stalk rice variety, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of rice-fish co-culture on water parameters and oxygen consumption. The results showed that rice-fish co-culture reduced the nutrients (total nitrogen, ammonia-N, total phosphorous and potassium) and the dissolved oxygen content in fish and shrimp ponds. However, they showed similar seasonal change of dissolved oxygen in the water of fish and shrimp ponds. Rice-fish co-culture reduced the total amount of oxygen consumption and optimized the oxygen consumption structure in pond. The respiration rates in water and sediment were significantly reduced by 66.1% and 31.7% in the catfish pond, and 64.4% and 38.7% in the shrimp pond, respectively, by additional rice cultivation. Rice-fish co-culture decreased the proportions of respiration in sediment and water, and increased the proportion of fish respiration. These results suggest that rice-fish co-culture is an efficient way to reduce hypoxia in intensive culture pond.

Key words: rice-fish co-culture, oxygen depletion, respiration, pond aquaculture, yellow catfish, freshwater shrimp

Fengbo Li, Zhiping Sun, Hangying Qi, Xiyue Zhou, Chunchun Xu, Dianxin Wu, Fuping Fang, Jinfei Feng, Ning Zhang. Effects of Rice-Fish Co-culture on Oxygen Consumption in Intensive Aquaculture Pond[J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(1): 50-59.

Figures/Tables 8

References 37

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Parameter	YC-R	YC	FS-R	FS
pH	7.74 ± 0.03 c	8.08 ± 0.08 b	8.10 ± 0.01 b	8.55 ± 0.12 a
Temperature (ºC)	28.05 ± 0.06 c	28.28 ± 0.06 b	28.25 ± 0.07 bc	28.61 ± 0.11 a
Turbidity (mg/L)	42.46 ± 5.46 b	136.64 ± 40.74 a	28.95 ± 1.80 b	39.86 ± 5.85 b
TSS (mg/L)	418.42 ± 3.50 b	507.11 ± 29.56 a	340.65 ± 18.73 c	345.50 ± 2.28 bc
COD (mg/L)	48.26 ± 6.97 b	87.11 ± 8.57 a	50.96 ± 15.40 b	54.51 ± 9.82 ab
TN (mg/L)	2.26 ± 0.40 b	4.54 ± 0.18 a	0.84 ± 0.06 c	2.70 ± 0.32 b
Ammonia-N (mg/L)	0.31 ± 0.01 b	0.76 ± 0.15 a	0.22 ± 0.02 b	0.34 ± 0.07 b
Nitrate-N (mg/L)	1.43 ± 0.17 a	1.30 ± 0.13 a	0.74 ± 0.08 a	0.84 ± 0.10 a
Nitrite-N (mg/L)	0.30 ± 0.06 a	0.24 ± 0.04 a	0.04 ± 0.01 a	0.04 ± 0.00 a
TP (mg/L)	0.21 ± 0.04 b	0.52 ± 0.08 a	0.27 ± 0.10 b	0.22 ± 0.04 b
DIP (mg/L)	0.014 ± 0.003 a	0.013 ± 0.001 ab	0.007 ± 0.002 ab	0.007 ± 0.001 b
Potassium (mg/L)	3.06 ± 0.61 b	5.13 ± 0.35 a	3.61 ± 0.29 b	4.25 ± 0.34 ab
Phytoplankton (mg/L)	6.64 ± 0.27 b	37.25 ± 13.72 a	8.04 ± 0.78 b	6.32 ± 0.51 b

Parameter	YC-R	YC	FS-R	FS
pH	7.74 ± 0.03 c	8.08 ± 0.08 b	8.10 ± 0.01 b	8.55 ± 0.12 a
Temperature (ºC)	28.05 ± 0.06 c	28.28 ± 0.06 b	28.25 ± 0.07 bc	28.61 ± 0.11 a
Turbidity (mg/L)	42.46 ± 5.46 b	136.64 ± 40.74 a	28.95 ± 1.80 b	39.86 ± 5.85 b
TSS (mg/L)	418.42 ± 3.50 b	507.11 ± 29.56 a	340.65 ± 18.73 c	345.50 ± 2.28 bc
COD (mg/L)	48.26 ± 6.97 b	87.11 ± 8.57 a	50.96 ± 15.40 b	54.51 ± 9.82 ab
TN (mg/L)	2.26 ± 0.40 b	4.54 ± 0.18 a	0.84 ± 0.06 c	2.70 ± 0.32 b
Ammonia-N (mg/L)	0.31 ± 0.01 b	0.76 ± 0.15 a	0.22 ± 0.02 b	0.34 ± 0.07 b
Nitrate-N (mg/L)	1.43 ± 0.17 a	1.30 ± 0.13 a	0.74 ± 0.08 a	0.84 ± 0.10 a
Nitrite-N (mg/L)	0.30 ± 0.06 a	0.24 ± 0.04 a	0.04 ± 0.01 a	0.04 ± 0.00 a
TP (mg/L)	0.21 ± 0.04 b	0.52 ± 0.08 a	0.27 ± 0.10 b	0.22 ± 0.04 b
DIP (mg/L)	0.014 ± 0.003 a	0.013 ± 0.001 ab	0.007 ± 0.002 ab	0.007 ± 0.001 b
Potassium (mg/L)	3.06 ± 0.61 b	5.13 ± 0.35 a	3.61 ± 0.29 b	4.25 ± 0.34 ab
Phytoplankton (mg/L)	6.64 ± 0.27 b	37.25 ± 13.72 a	8.04 ± 0.78 b	6.32 ± 0.51 b

Parameter	Respiration in water		Respiration in sediment
Parameter	Catfish pond	Shrimp pond	Catfish pond	Shrimp pond
pH	0.483*	0.474*	0.542*	0.396*
Temperature	0.107	0.364	0.171	0.252
Turbidity	0.731*	0.221	0.400*	-0.238
TSS	0.431*	-0.205	0.511*	0.311
COD	0.726*	0.295	0.467*	0.175
TN	0.617*	0.839*	0.471*	0.743*
Ammonia-N	0.22	0.273	0.372*	0.07
Nitrate-N	-0.16	0.462*	-0.098	0.589*
Nitrite-N	0.082	0.158	0.111	-0.101
TP	0.819*	-0.05	0.646*	-0.116
DIP	-0.155	-0.084	-0.258	-0.186
Potassioum	0.748*	0.807*	0.547*	0.633*

Parameter	Respiration in water		Respiration in sediment
Parameter	Catfish pond	Shrimp pond	Catfish pond	Shrimp pond
pH	0.483*	0.474*	0.542*	0.396*
Temperature	0.107	0.364	0.171	0.252
Turbidity	0.731*	0.221	0.400*	-0.238
TSS	0.431*	-0.205	0.511*	0.311
COD	0.726*	0.295	0.467*	0.175
TN	0.617*	0.839*	0.471*	0.743*
Ammonia-N	0.22	0.273	0.372*	0.07
Nitrate-N	-0.16	0.462*	-0.098	0.589*
Nitrite-N	0.082	0.158	0.111	-0.101
TP	0.819*	-0.05	0.646*	-0.116
DIP	-0.155	-0.084	-0.258	-0.186
Potassioum	0.748*	0.807*	0.547*	0.633*