Impact of Rice-Catfish/Shrimp Co-culture on Nutrients Fluxes Across Sediment-Water Interface in Intensive Aquaculture Ponds

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2019.06.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Exchange of nitrogen and phosphorus across sediment-water interface plays an important role in the management of nutrient recycling in the aquaculture pond. In this study, a plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of rice-catfish/shrimp co-culture on the micro-profile of oxygen (O₂), pH and nutrient exchange across sediment-water interface in the intensive culture ponds. The results showed that rice-catfish co-culture increased the concentration and penetrating depth of O₂, but decreased the pH value across the sediment-water interface, compared with catfish monoculture. Additional rice cultivation significantly reduced the flux rates of ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃^-) across sediment-water interface in the catfish and shrimp ponds. The flux rates of NO₂^- and soluble phosphorus (PO₄^3-) showed no significant difference between rice-catfish/shrimp co-culture ponds and catfish/shrimp monoculture ponds. Rice only affected the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fractions in the sediment. The concentrations of NH₄⁺ were significantly lower in the sediment of co-culture ponds than in the monoculture ponds. Additional rice cultivation also significantly reduced the content and percentage of dissolved inorganic phosphorus in the sediment of catfish ponds.

Key words: sediment-water interface, rice-fish co-culture, eutrophication, nitrogen and phosphorus recycling, aquaculture

Yaobin Liu, Lin Qin, Fengbo Li, Xiyue Zhou, Chunchun Xu, Long Ji, Zhongdu Chen, Jinfei Feng, Fuping Fang. Impact of Rice-Catfish/Shrimp Co-culture on Nutrients Fluxes Across Sediment-Water Interface in Intensive Aquaculture Ponds[J]. Rice Science, 2019, 26(6): 416-424.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1. Images of rice-catfish/shrimp co-culture (A) and monoculture (B) ponds.

Table 1 Water properties of monoculture and co-culture ponds.

Parameter	YC-R	YC	FS-R	FS
pH	7.45 a	7.81 b	7.72 b	7.98 c
BOD (mg/L)	4.69 ab	6.26 c	4.12 a	5.06 b
COD (mg/L)	209.50 a	276.70 b	196.10 a	185.40 a
Turbidity (NTU)	81.90 c	112.90 d	35.80 a	54.40 b
TSS (mg/L)	312.60 a	382.60 c	297.30 a	341.90 b
TN (mg/L)	2.53 b	4.16 c	1.70 a	2.22 b
NH₄⁺-N (mg/L)	0.45 b	0.87 d	0.33 a	0.54 c
NO₃^--N (mg/L)	1.27 a	1.50 b	1.16 a	1.38 b
NO₂^--N (mg/L)	0.03 a	0.05 b	0.02 a	0.05 b
TP (mg/L)	0.27 b	0.39 c	0.16 a	0.30 b
OP (μmg/L)	4.40 a	5.80 b	4.80 a	7.80 c

Fig. 2. Micro-profiles of oxygen (O2) and pH value across sediment-water interface in rice-catfish co-culture and catfish monoculture ponds.YC1 to YC3, Three profiles of yellow catfish monoculture; YC-R1 to YC-R3, Three profiles of yellow catfish-rice co-culture.

Fig. 3. Flux rates of NH4+ (A), NO3- (B), NO2- (C) and PO43- (D) across the sediment-water interface in the rice-catfish co-culture and catfish monoculture ponds.YC, Yellow catfish monoculture; YC-R, Yellow catfish-rice co-culture.Values are Mean ± SE (n = 3). * indicates significant differences at the 0.05 level.

Fig. 4. Flux rates of NH4+ (A), NO3- (B), NO2- (C) and PO43- (D) across the sediment-water interface in the rice-shrimp co-culture and shrimp monoculture ponds.FS, Freshwater shrimp monoculture; FS-R, Freshwater shrimp-rice co-culture. Values are Mean ± SE (n = 3). * indicates significant differences at the 0.05 level.

Fig. 5. Fractions of N in the sediment of co-culture and monoculture ponds.YC, Yellow catfish monoculture; YC-R, Yellow catfish-rice co-culture; FS, Freshwater shrimp monoculture; FS-R, Freshwater shrimp-rice co-culture.Data are Mean ± SE (n = 3).

Fig. 6. Fractions of P in the sediment of co-culture and monoculture ponds. YC, Yellow catfish monoculture; YC-R, Yellow catfish-rice co-culture; FS, Freshwater shrimp monoculture; FS-R, Freshwater shrimp-rice co-culture; DIP, Dissolved inorganic phosphorus; Fe/Al-IP, Fe- and Al-bound inorganic phosphorus; Fe/Al-OP, Fe- and Al-bound organic phosphorus; Res-P, Residual phosphorus; Ca-P, Ca-bound phosphorus.

Table 2 Mean contents of different phosphorus (P) fractions in the sediment of co-culture and monoculture ponds.

Treatment	DIP	Fe/Al-IP	Fe/Al-OP	Ca-P	Res-P
YC-R	0.85 a	115.5 a	139.4 a	19.3 a	276.0 a
YC	1.43 b	113.9 a	158.3 b	18.9 a	267.3 a
FS-R	1.82 c	130.2 ab	154.6 b	21.3 a	253.1 a
FS	1.18 b	132.3 b	157.1 b	14.2 a	275.6 a

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