Water Management for Improvement of Rice Yield, Appearance Quality and Palatability with High Temperature During Ripening Period

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2021.05.011

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the optimal water management in large-scale fields under high temperatures at the ripening period, effective water managements during this period for improvement of yield, appearance quality and palatability were investigated. Compared with intermittent irrigation and flooded irrigation, the soil temperature with saturated irrigation remained low throughout the day, and the decrease rate of the bleeding rate of hills was the lowest. These results suggested that the saturated irrigation maintained root activity. For the three irrigation types, the number of spikelets per m² and 1000-grain weight were similar, however, saturated irrigation resulted in significantly higher rice yield due to improvement in the percentage of ripened grains. The saturated irrigation produced a high percentage of perfect rice grains and thicker brown rice grain, furthermore, the palatability of cooked rice was excellent because protein content and hardness/adhesion ratio were both low. Thus, under high-temperature ripening conditions, soil temperature was lowered and root activity was maintained when applying saturated irrigation after heading time. The results indicated that saturated irrigation is an effective countermeasure against high-temperature ripening damage.

Key words: appearance quality, root activity, high-temperature ripening damage, palatability, saturated irrigation, soil temperature, water management, rice yield, intermittent irrigation, flooded irrigation

Matsue Yuji, Takasaki Katsuya, Abe Jun. Water Management for Improvement of Rice Yield, Appearance Quality and Palatability with High Temperature During Ripening Period[J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(4): 409-416.

Figures/Tables 9

References 29

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Location (Year)	Water management	Bleeding rate of hills (mg/panicle)		Decrease (mg/panicle) ^a
		20 d after heading	36 d after heading
Itoshima City (2016)	Flooded irrigation	179 b	151 b	28 b
	Saturated irrigation	141 a	126 a	15 a
		Heading	20 d after heading
Aso City (2015)	Flooded irrigation	351 b	166 a	185 b
	Intermittent irrigation	302 ab	158 a	144 ab
	Saturated irrigation	277 a	214 b	63 a

Location (Year)	Water management	Bleeding rate of hills (mg/panicle)		Decrease (mg/panicle) ^a
		20 d after heading	36 d after heading
Itoshima City (2016)	Flooded irrigation	179 b	151 b	28 b
	Saturated irrigation	141 a	126 a	15 a
		Heading	20 d after heading
Aso City (2015)	Flooded irrigation	351 b	166 a	185 b
	Intermittent irrigation	302 ab	158 a	144 ab
	Saturated irrigation	277 a	214 b	63 a

Location	Year	Water management	No. of spikelets per m² (× 100)	Percentage of ripened grains (%)	1000-grain weight (g)	Grain length (mm)	Grain width (mm)	Percentage of perfect grains (%)	Protein content (%)
Itoshima	2016	Flooded irrigation	380 a	57.9 a	21.0 a	5.31 a	2.84 a	57.6 a	8.0 b
		Saturated irrigation	374 a	65.6 b	21.2 a	5.30 a	2.90 a	65.0 b	7.5 a
Aso	2015	Flooded irrigation	238 a	56.9 a	21.4 a	5.10 a	3.07 a	63.2 a	7.8 b
		Intermittent irrigation	228 a	64.1 ab	21.6 a	5.07 a	3.01 a	67.2 a	7.3 b
		Saturated irrigation	226 a	70.4 b	22.0 a	5.13 a	3.01 a	67.9 b	6.8 a
	2016	Flooded irrigation	291 a	87.8 a	22.4 a	5.11 ab	2.98 a	63.0 a	6.6 a
		Intermittent irrigation	309 a	87.4 a	22.4 a	5.02 a	2.98 a	70.2 b	6.4 ab
		Saturated irrigation	317 a	89.0 a	22.7 a	5.13 b	3.09 a	81.1 c	6.2 b

Location	Year	Water management	No. of spikelets per m² (× 100)	Percentage of ripened grains (%)	1000-grain weight (g)	Grain length (mm)	Grain width (mm)	Percentage of perfect grains (%)	Protein content (%)
Itoshima	2016	Flooded irrigation	380 a	57.9 a	21.0 a	5.31 a	2.84 a	57.6 a	8.0 b
		Saturated irrigation	374 a	65.6 b	21.2 a	5.30 a	2.90 a	65.0 b	7.5 a
Aso	2015	Flooded irrigation	238 a	56.9 a	21.4 a	5.10 a	3.07 a	63.2 a	7.8 b
		Intermittent irrigation	228 a	64.1 ab	21.6 a	5.07 a	3.01 a	67.2 a	7.3 b
		Saturated irrigation	226 a	70.4 b	22.0 a	5.13 a	3.01 a	67.9 b	6.8 a
	2016	Flooded irrigation	291 a	87.8 a	22.4 a	5.11 ab	2.98 a	63.0 a	6.6 a
		Intermittent irrigation	309 a	87.4 a	22.4 a	5.02 a	2.98 a	70.2 b	6.4 ab
		Saturated irrigation	317 a	89.0 a	22.7 a	5.13 b	3.09 a	81.1 c	6.2 b

Location	Year	Water management	Overall eating-quality	Appearance	Taste	Aroma	Stickiness	Hardness
Itoshima	2016	Flooded irrigation	0.07 a	0.13 a	-0.07 a	0.00 a	-0.13 a	0.33 a
		Saturated irrigation	0.13 a	0.20 a	-0.07 a	0.07 a	-0.07 a	0.33 a
Aso	2015	Flooded irrigation	-0.13 a	-0.23 a	-0.12 a	-0.08 a	-0.16 a	0.58 b
		Intermittent irrigation	-0.08 ab	-0.04 a	-0.15 a	0.00 a	0.08 ab	0.23 a
		Saturated irrigation	0.20 b	0.08 a	0.08 a	0.12 b	0.20 b	0.08 a
	2016	Flooded irrigation	-0.29 b	-0.29 b	0.00 a	-0.29 a	-0.07 a	-0.35 b
		Intermittent irrigation	-0.07 ab	-0.07 a	0.00 a	-0.21 a	-0.21 a	0.43 a
		Saturated irrigation	0.14 a	0.14 a	0.07 a	-0.14 a	-0.14 a	0.29 a