A Novel Approach for Screening Salinity-Tolerant Rice Germplasm by Exploring Redox-Regulated Cytological Fingerprint

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2025.03.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Although metabolic homeostasis disruption, cellular damage, and premature senescence caused by salinity stress are well-documented in the literature, there are few studies investigating cytological changes induced by salinity stress within the altered metabolic landscape of rice, and this study aims to fill that gap. The cytological characterization of root tips (in terms of mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities such as stickiness, laggards, fragments, bridges, micronuclei, ring chromosomes, and total mitotic abnormalities) was conducted on 10 experimental rice landraces from coastal Bangladesh, grown under post-imbibitional salinity stress (PISS), while correlating these changes with their metabolic status. The results revealed a strong correlation between salinity-induced cytological changes in root cells (mitotic index and chromosomal abnormalities) and the redox interactome status of all experimental rice landraces. The landraces Kutepatnai, Talmugur, Nonakochi, and Benapol, which exhibited a higher ability to mitigate PISS-induced chromosomal abnormalities and improve mitotic index, also showed lower accumulation of oxidative stress markers (protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, prooxidant accumulation, oxidative stress index, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-antioxidative stress index, and efficiency of ROS processing via the Halliwell-Asada pathway) compared with more susceptible landraces (Charobalam, Jotaibalam, Kachra, and Lalmota). These findings underscore the role of redox biology in preventing chromotoxic effects under salinity stress. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, used to determine variations and similarities among the experimental rice landraces based on cytological attributes, redox interactome, and physiological phenotypes, classified the landraces according to their salinity tolerance and sensitivity. This study proposes a novel approach for exploring redox-regulated cytological fingerprints as a tool for identifying salinity-tolerant rice landraces.

Key words: salinity stress, cytological change, chromosomal aberration, coastal rice landrace, metabolic homeostasis, redox interactome

Uthpal Krishna Roy, Babita Pal, Soumen Bhattacharjee. A Novel Approach for Screening Salinity-Tolerant Rice Germplasm by Exploring Redox-Regulated Cytological Fingerprint[J]. Rice Science, 2025, 32(2): 228-242.

Figures/Tables 8

References 73

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Rice landrace	Treatment	Cytological attribute
Rice landrace	Treatment	Total cell examined	No. of mitosis cell	Mitotic index (%)	Relative division rate (%)
Benapol	Control	2 779	200	7.197 ± 0.572
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 751	143	5.144 ± 0.515**	-28.526
Charobalam	Control	2 835	211	7.443 ± 0.569
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 759	105	3.806 ± 0.513**	-48.865
Jotaibalam	Control	2 789	195	6.992 ± 0.490
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 319	92	3.967 ± 0.599**	-43.267
Kachra	Control	2 821	218	7.728 ± 0.567
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 909	108	3.713 ± 0.502**	-51.954
Kajolshail	Control	2 961	238	8.038 ± 0.571
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 936	151	5.143 ± 0.511**	-36.016
Kutepatnai	Control	2 804	240	8.559 ± 0.569
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 853	211	7.396 ± 0.512*	-13.588
Lalmota	Control	2 993	215	7.183 ± 0.570
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 999	114	3.800 ± 0.531**	-47.097
Nonakochi	Control	2 947	209	7.098 ± 0.578
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 996	164	5.438 ± 0.512*	-23.387
Rajashail	Control	2 966	225	7.586 ± 0.567
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 922	128	4.381 ± 0.509**	-42.249
Talmugur	Control	2 988	235	7.865 ± 0.566
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 937	189	6.448 ± 0.512*	-18.017

Rice landrace	Treatment	Cytological attribute
Rice landrace	Treatment	Total cell examined	No. of mitosis cell	Mitotic index (%)	Relative division rate (%)
Benapol	Control	2 779	200	7.197 ± 0.572
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 751	143	5.144 ± 0.515**	-28.526
Charobalam	Control	2 835	211	7.443 ± 0.569
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 759	105	3.806 ± 0.513**	-48.865
Jotaibalam	Control	2 789	195	6.992 ± 0.490
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 319	92	3.967 ± 0.599**	-43.267
Kachra	Control	2 821	218	7.728 ± 0.567
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 909	108	3.713 ± 0.502**	-51.954
Kajolshail	Control	2 961	238	8.038 ± 0.571
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 936	151	5.143 ± 0.511**	-36.016
Kutepatnai	Control	2 804	240	8.559 ± 0.569
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 853	211	7.396 ± 0.512*	-13.588
Lalmota	Control	2 993	215	7.183 ± 0.570
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 999	114	3.800 ± 0.531**	-47.097
Nonakochi	Control	2 947	209	7.098 ± 0.578
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 996	164	5.438 ± 0.512*	-23.387
Rajashail	Control	2 966	225	7.586 ± 0.567
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 922	128	4.381 ± 0.509**	-42.249
Talmugur	Control	2 988	235	7.865 ± 0.566
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 937	189	6.448 ± 0.512*	-18.017

Rice landrace	Treatment	Total cell examined	Different types of mitotic abnormality (%)						FTMA (%)
Rice landrace	Treatment	Total cell examined	Stickiness	Laggard	Fragment	Bridge	Micronucleus	Ring chromosome	FTMA (%)
Benapol	Control	2 779	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.072 ± 0.006 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 751	0.074	0.147	0.110	0.147	0.037	0.000	0.516 ± 0.049 de
Charobalam	Control	2 835	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000 ± 0.000 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 759	0.109	0.145	0.326	0.326	0.109	0.109	1.124 ± 0.045 a
Jotaibalam	Control	2 789	0.000	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.036 ± 0.004 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 319	0.147	0.220	0.220	0.294	0.037	0.037	0.955 ± 0.046 b
Kachra	Control	2 821	0.000	0.000	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.035 ± 0.004 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 909	0.138	0.103	0.241	0.241	0.069	0.138	0.928 ± 0.052 b
Kajolshail	Control	2 961	0.000	0.034	0.000	0.034	0.000	0.000	0.068 ± 0.005 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 936	0.068	0.102	0.170	0.204	0.034	0.034	0.613 ± 0.050 d
Kutepatnai	Control	2 804	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000 ± 0.000 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 853	0.035	0.105	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.000	0.351 ± 0.052 f
Lalmota	Control	2 993	0.033	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.033 ± 0.021 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 999	0.272	0.168	0.168	0.134	0.068	0.102	0.912 ± 0.052 b
Nonakochi	Control	2 947	0.000	0.000	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.035 ± 0.005 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 996	0.034	0.138	0.172	0.138	0.000	0.000	0.482 ± 0.046 e
Rajashail	Control	2 966	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.034	0.000	0.000	0.034 ± 0.006 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 922	0.103	0.137	0.205	0.137	0.103	0.068	0.753 ± 0.045 c
Talmugur	Control	2 988	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000 ± 0.000 ef
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 937	0.068	0.110	0.136	0.068	0.034	0.000	0.416 ± 0.053 g

Rice landrace	Treatment	Total cell examined	Different types of mitotic abnormality (%)						FTMA (%)
Rice landrace	Treatment	Total cell examined	Stickiness	Laggard	Fragment	Bridge	Micronucleus	Ring chromosome	FTMA (%)
Benapol	Control	2 779	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.072 ± 0.006 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 751	0.074	0.147	0.110	0.147	0.037	0.000	0.516 ± 0.049 de
Charobalam	Control	2 835	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000 ± 0.000 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 759	0.109	0.145	0.326	0.326	0.109	0.109	1.124 ± 0.045 a
Jotaibalam	Control	2 789	0.000	0.036	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.036 ± 0.004 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 319	0.147	0.220	0.220	0.294	0.037	0.037	0.955 ± 0.046 b
Kachra	Control	2 821	0.000	0.000	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.035 ± 0.004 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 909	0.138	0.103	0.241	0.241	0.069	0.138	0.928 ± 0.052 b
Kajolshail	Control	2 961	0.000	0.034	0.000	0.034	0.000	0.000	0.068 ± 0.005 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 936	0.068	0.102	0.170	0.204	0.034	0.034	0.613 ± 0.050 d
Kutepatnai	Control	2 804	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000 ± 0.000 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 853	0.035	0.105	0.070	0.070	0.070	0.000	0.351 ± 0.052 f
Lalmota	Control	2 993	0.033	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.033 ± 0.021 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 999	0.272	0.168	0.168	0.134	0.068	0.102	0.912 ± 0.052 b
Nonakochi	Control	2 947	0.000	0.000	0.035	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.035 ± 0.005 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 996	0.034	0.138	0.172	0.138	0.000	0.000	0.482 ± 0.046 e
Rajashail	Control	2 966	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.034	0.000	0.000	0.034 ± 0.006 g
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 922	0.103	0.137	0.205	0.137	0.103	0.068	0.753 ± 0.045 c
Talmugur	Control	2 988	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000 ± 0.000 ef
	200 mmol/L NaCl	2 937	0.068	0.110	0.136	0.068	0.034	0.000	0.416 ± 0.053 g

Rice landrace	Treatment	Cytological attribute		Activity of ascorbate-glutathione pathway enzymes
Rice landrace	Treatment	MI (%)	FTMA (%)	APOX (U/g)	GR (U/g)
Benapol	Control	7.197 ± 0.572	0.072 ± 0.006	11.874 ± 0.001	0.015 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	5.514 ± 0.515**	0.516 ± 0.049	7.427 ± 0.001**	0.075 ± 0.001
Charobalam	Control	7.443 ± 0.569	0.000 ± 0.000	130.235 ± 0.014	0.111 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	3.806 ± 0.513**	1.124 ± 0.045*	139.259 ± 0.021**	0.085 ± 0.001
Jotaibalam	Control	6.992 ± 0.490	0.036 ± 0.004	39.201 ± 0.017	0.138 ± 0.002
	200 mmol/L NaCl	3.967 ± 0.599**	0.955 ± 0.046 *	17.619 ± 0.017**	0.095 ± 0.001
Kachra	Control	7.728 ± 0.567	0.035 ± 0.004	34.193 ± 0.002	0.095 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	3.713 ± 0.502**	0.928 ± 0.052*	37.210 ± 0.001**	0.091 ± 0.002
Kajolshail	Control	8.038 ± 0.571	0.068 ± 0.005	117.661 ± 0.029	0.069 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	5.143 ± 0.511**	0.613 ± 0.050	120.410 ± 0.003*	0.055 ± 0.001*
Kutepatnai	Control	8.559 ± 0.569	0.000 ± 0.000	9.154 ± 0.008	0.137 ± 0.002
	200 mmol/L NaCl	7.396 ± 0.512*	0.351 ± 0.052	73.963 ± 0.006**	0.183 ± 0.001*
Lalmota	Control	7.183 ± 0.570	0.033 ± 0.021	24.456 ± 0.002	0.058 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	3.800 ± 0.531**	0.912 ± 0.052*	21.457 ± 0.001**	0.031 ± 0.001**
Nonakochi	Control	7.098 ± 0.578	0.035 ± 0.005	18.650 ± 0.012	0.064 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	5.438 ± 0.512*	0.483 ± 0.046	12.170 ± 0.004**	0.069 ± 0.001*
Rajashail	Control	7.586 ± 0.567	0.034 ± 0.006	12.357 ± 0.001	0.038 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	4.381 ± 0.509**	0.753 ± 0.045	7.626 ± 0.001**	0.026 ± 0.001
Talmugur	Control	7.865 ± 0.566	0.000 ± 0.000	43.212 ± 0.003	0.057 ± 0.001
	200 mmol/L NaCl	6.448 ± 0.512*	0.417 ± 0.053	112.261 ± 0.001**	0.136 ± 0.001**