Seed Priming Improves Agronomic Trait Performance under Flooding and Non-flooding Conditions in Rice with QTL SUB1

Abstract

Abstract: Farmers in South East Asia are adopting rice crop establishment methods from transplanting to direct wet or dry seeding as it requires less labour and time and comparatively less energy than transplanting. In contrast to irrigated condition, in rainfed lowland, direct seeding is a common practice. Early flooding controls weeds but decreases seedling establishment in direct seeded rice. Anaerobic germination is an important trait to counteract damages caused by early flooding. Management options which can help in crop establishment and improve crop growth under flooding might remove the constraints related to direct seeding. The investigation was carried out with two near isogenic lines Swarna and Swarna-Sub1. Swarna-Sub1 is tolerant to submergence whereas Swarna is susceptible. Seed priming was done with water and 2% Jamun (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract, and it improved seedling establishment under flooding. Acceleration of growth occurred due to seed pretreatment, which resulted longer seedling and greater accumulation of biomass. Seed priming greatly hastened the activities of total amylase and alcohol dehydrogenase in Swarna-Sub1 than in Swarna. Swarna-Sub1 outperformed Swarna when the plants were cultivated under flooding. Weed biomass decreased significantly under flooding compared to non-flooding conditions. Seed priming had positive effects on yield and yield attributing parameters both under non-flooding and early flooding conditions.

Key words: emergence tolerance , flooding , rice , seed priming , sub1 , yield

Ramni Kumar SARKAR. Seed Priming Improves Agronomic Trait Performance under Flooding and Non-flooding Conditions in Rice with QTL SUB1[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2012, 19(4): 286-294.

References

Alpi A, Beevers H. 1983. Effects of O2 concentration on rice seedlings. Plant Physiol, 71: 30–34.
Angaji S A, Septiningsih E M, Mackill D J, Ismail A M. 2010. Identification of QTLs associated with tolerance of anaerobic conditions during germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica, 172: 159–168.
Balasubramanian V, Hill J E. 2002. Direct seeding of rice in Asia: Emerging issues and strategic research needs for the 21st century. In: Pandey S, Mortimer M, Wade L, Tuong T P, Lopez K, Hardy B. Direct Seeding: Research Strategies and Opportunities. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 15–39.
Chin D V, Mortimer M. 2002. Weed management in direct-seeded rice in Southern Vietnam. In: Pandey S, Mortimer M, Wade L, Tuong T P, Lopez K, Hardy B. Direct Seeding: Research Strategies and Opportunities. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute: 349–356.
Das K K, Panda D, Nagaraju M, Sharma S G, Sarkar R K. 2004. Antioxidant enzymes and aldehyde releasing capacity of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) as determinants of anaerobic seedling establishment capacity. Bulg J Plant Physiol, 30: 34–44.
Das K K, Sarkar R K, Ismail A M. 2005. Elongation ability and non-structural carbohydrate levels in relation to submergence tolerance in rice. Plant Sci, 168: 131–136.
Douglas I. 2009. Climate change, flooding and food security in south Asia. Food Sec, 1: 127–136.
Ella E S, Dionisio-Sese M L, Ismail A M. 2011. Seed pre-treatment in rice reduces damage, enhances carbohydrate mobilization and improves emergence and seedling establishment under flooded conditions. AoB Plants, plr007 doi:10.1093/aobpla/plr007.
Ellis M H, Setter T L. 1999. Hypoxia induces anoxia tolerance in completely submerged rice seedlings. J Plant Physiol, 154: 219–230.
Farooq M, Basra S M A, Wahid A. 2006. Priming of field-sown rice seed enhances germination, seedling establishment, allometry and yield. Plant Growth Regul, 49: 285–294.
Farooq M, Basra S M A, Ahmad N. 2007. Improving the performance of transplanted rice by seed priming. Plant Growth Regul, 51: 129–137.
Farooq M, Basra S M A, Wahid A, Rehman H. 2009. Exogenously applied nitric oxide enhances the drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Agron Crop Sci, 195: 254–261.
Farooq M, Kadambot H M S, Rehman H, Aziz T, Lee D J, Wahid A. 2011. Rice direct seeding: Experiences, challenges and opportunities. Soil Tillage Res, 111: 87–98.
Fukao T, Bailey-Serres J. 2008. Submergence tolerance conferred by Sub1A is mediated by SLR1 and SLRL1 restriction of gibberellins responses in rice. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 105: 16814–16819.
Guglielminetti L, Perata P, Alpi A. 1995a. Effect of anoxia on carbohydrate metabolism in rice seedlings. Plant Physiol, 108: 735–741.
Guglielminetti L, Yamaguchi J, Perata P, Alpi A. 1995b. Amylolytic activities in cereal seeds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Plant Physiol, 109: 1069–1076.
Hagiwara M, Imura M. 1991. Promotion of seedling emergence of paddy rice from flooded soil by coating seed with potassium nitrate. Jpn J Crop Sci, 60: 441–446.
Hayashi S, Kamoshita A, Yamagishi J, Kotchasatit A, Jongdee B. 2010. High-yielding crop management by enhancing growth in reproductive stage of direct-seeded rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Northeast Thailand. Plant Prod Sci, 13: 104–115.
Iftekharuddaula K M, Newaz M A, Salam M A, Ahmed H U, Mahbub M A A, Septiningsih E M, Collard B C Y, Sanchez D L, Pamplona A M, Mackill D J. 2011. Rapid and high-precision marker assisted backcrossing to introgress the SUB1 QTL into BR11, the rainfed lowland rice mega variety of Bangladesh. Euphytica, 178: 83–97.
Ismail A M, Ella E S, Vergara G V, Mackill D J. 2009. Mechanisms associated with tolerance for flooding during germination and early seedling growth in rice (Oryza sativa). Ann Bot, 103: 197–209.
Jiang L, Liu S J, Hou M Y, Tang J Y, Chen L M, Zhai H Q, Wan J M. 2006. Analysis of QTLs for seed low temperature germinability and anoxia germinability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops Res, 98: 68–75.
Kato-Noguchi H, Yasuda Y, Sasaki R. 2010. Soluble sugar availability of aerobically germinated barley, oat and rice coleoptiles in anoxia. J Plant Physiol, 167: 1571–1576.
Kruger N J. 2002. The bradford method for protein quantitation. In: Walker J M. The Protein Protocols Handbook. 2nd edn. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press Inc: 15–22.
Kudahettige N P, Pucciariello C, Parlanti S, Alpi A, Perata P. 2011. Regulatory interplay of the Sub1A and CIPK15 pathways in the regulation of α-amylase production in flooded rice plants. Plant Biol, 13: 611–619.
Loreti E, Yamaguchi J, Alpi A, Perata P. 2003. Sugar modulation of α-amylase genes under anoxia. Ann Bot, 91: 143–148.
Magneschi L, Perata P. 2009. Rice germination and seedling growth in the absence of oxygen. Ann Bot, 103: 181–196.
Manangkil O E, Vu H T T, Yoshida S, Mori N, Nakamura C. 2008. A simple, rapid and reliable bioassay for evaluating seedling vigor under submergence in indica and japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Euphytica, 163: 267–274.
Neeraja C, Maghirang-Rodriguez R, Pamplona A M, Heuer S, Collard B, Septiningsih E, Vergara G, Sanchez D, Xu K, Ismail A, Mackill D. 2007. A marker-assisted backcross approach for developing submergence-tolerance rice cultivars. Theor Appl Genet, 115: 767–776.
Pan L, Xue Y, Xue L. 2011. Advance in response of morphology of plant waterlogging stress. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 27(7): 11–15. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Park M, Yim H K, Park H G, Lim J, Kim S H, Hwang Y S. 2010. Interference with oxidative phosphorylation enhances anoxic expression of rice α-amylase genes through abolishing sugar regulation. J Exp Bot, 61: 3235–3244.
Perata P, Guglielminetti L, Alpi A. 1996. Anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism in wheat and barley, two anoxia-intolerant cereal seeds. J Exp Bot, 47: 999–1006.
Perata P, Guglielminetti L, Alpi A. 1997. Mobilization of endosperm reserves in cereal seeds under anoxia. Ann Bot, 79(Suppl A): 49–56.
Ram P C, Lal R K, Chaturvedi G S. 2000. Laboratory Manual for Physiological and Environmental Studies. Department of Plant Physiology, NDUAT, Faizabad, India.
Rao A N, Johnson D E, Sivaprasad B, Ladha J K, Mortimer A M. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Adv Agron, 93: 153–255.
Saika H, Matsumura H, Takano T, Tsutsumi N, Nakazono M. 2007. A point mutation of Adh1 gene is involved in the repression of coleoptile elongation under submergence in rice. Breeding Sci, 56: 69–74.
Sarkar R K, Banerjee A, Mukherji S. 1982. Effects of toxic concentrations of natrium fluoride on growth and enzyme activities of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and jute (Corchorous olitorius L.) seedlings. Biol Plant, 24: 34–38.
Sarkar R K. 1998. Saccharide content and growth parameters in relation with flooding tolerance in rice. Biol Plant, 40: 597–603.
Sarkar R K, Bera S K, De R N. 1999. Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars for anaerobic seeding. Ind J Agric Sci, 69: 73–76.
Sarkar R K, Das S. 2003. Yield of rainfed lowland rice with medium water depth under anaerobic direct seeding and transplanting. Trop Sci, 43: 192–198.
Sarkar R K, Panda D, Reddy J N, Patnaik S S C, Mackil D J, Ismail A M. 2009: Performance of submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes carrying the Sub1 quantitative trait locus under stressed and non-stressed natural field conditions. Ind J Agric Sci, 79: 876–883.
Septiningsih E M, Pamplona A M, Sanchez D L, Neeraja C N, Vergara G V, Heuer S, Ismail A M, Mackill D J. 2009. Development of submergence tolerant rice cultivars: The Sub1 locus and beyond. Ann Bot, 103: 151–160.
Singh S, Mackill D J, Ismail A M. 2009. Responses of SUB1 rice introgression lines to submergence in the field: Yield and grain quality. Field Crops Res, 113: 12–23.
Sun Y Y, Sun Y J, Wang M T, Li X Y, Xiang Guo X, Hu R, Ma J. 2010. Effects of seed priming on germination and seedling growth under water stress in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 36: 1931–1940. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Tuong T P, Pablico P P, Yamauchi M, Confesor R, Moody K. 2000. Increasing water productivity and weed suppression of wet seeded rice: Effect of water management and rice genotypes. Exp Agric, 36: 71–89.
Unnikrishnan A S, Kumar R K, Fernandes S E, Michael G S, Patwardhan S K. 2006. Sea level changes along the Indian coast: Observations and projections. Curr Sci, 90: 362–368.
Xu K N, Xu Xia, Fukao T, Canlas P, Maghirang-Rodriguez R, Heuer S, Ismail A M, Bailey-Serres J, Ronald P C, Mackill D J. 2006. Sub1A is an ethylene-response-factor-like gene that confers submergence tolerance to rice. Nature, 442: 705–708.
Yamauchi M, Aguilar A M, Vaughan D A, Seshu D V. 1993. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm suitable for direct sowing under flooded soil surface. Euphytica, 67: 177–183.

[1]	Prathap V, Suresh KUMAR, Nand Lal MEENA, Chirag MAHESHWARI, Monika DALAL, Aruna TYAGI. Phosphorus Starvation Tolerance in Rice Through a Combined Physiological, Biochemical and Proteome Analysis [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 8-.
[2]	Serena REGGI, Elisabetta ONELLI, Alessandra MOSCATELLI, Nadia STROPPA, Matteo Dell’ANNO, Kiril PERFANOV, Luciana ROSSI. Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I_Milano Dimer in Rice Engineered Lines [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 6-.
[3]	Sundus ZAFAR, XU Jianlong. Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 4-.
[4]	Kankunlanach KHAMPUANG, Nanthana CHAIWONG, Atilla YAZICI, Baris DEMIRER, Ismail CAKMAK, Chanakan PROM-U-THAI. Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 9-.
[5]	FAN Fengfeng, CAI Meng, LUO Xiong, LIU Manman, YUAN Huanran, CHENG Mingxing, Ayaz AHMAD, LI Nengwu, LI Shaoqing. Novel QTLs from Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata Confer Rice Strong Tolerance to High Temperature at Seedling Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 14-.
[6]	LIN Shaodan, YAO Yue, LI Jiayi, LI Xiaobin, MA Jie, WENG Haiyong, CHENG Zuxin, YE Dapeng. Application of UAV-Based Imaging and Deep Learning in Assessment of Rice Blast Resistance [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 10-.
[7]	Md. Forshed DEWAN, Md. AHIDUZZAMAN, Md. Nahidul ISLAM, Habibul Bari SHOZIB. Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and South-East Asia: A Review [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 5-.
[8]	Raja CHAKRABORTY, Pratap KALITA, Saikat SEN. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic and Cardiac Risk Preventive Effect of Chakhao Poireiton (A Pigmented Black Rice) in High-Fat High-Sugar induced Rats [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 11-.
[9]	LI Qianlong, FENG Qi, WANG Heqin, KANG Yunhai, ZHANG Conghe, DU Ming, ZHANG Yunhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Jinjie, HAN Bin, FANG Yu, WANG Ahong. Genome-Wide Dissection of Quan 9311A Breeding Process and Application Advantages [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 7-.
[10]	JI Dongling, XIAO Wenhui, SUN Zhiwei, LIU Lijun, GU Junfei, ZHANG Hao, Tom Matthew HARRISON, LIU Ke, WANG Zhiqin, WANG Weilu, YANG Jianchang. Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 12-.
[11]	Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, Norlida Mat Daud, Julieta Griboff, Abdul Rahim Harun. Elemental Assessments in Paddy Soil for Geographical Traceability of Rice from Peninsular Malaysia [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 486-498.
[12]	Ammara Latif, Sun Ying, Pu Cuixia, Noman Ali. Rice Curled Its Leaves Either Adaxially or Abaxially to Combat Drought Stress [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 405-416.
[13]	Liu Qiao, Qiu Linlin, Hua Yangguang, Li Jing, Pang Bo, Zhai Yufeng, Wang Dekai. LHD3 Encoding a J-Domain Protein Controls Heading Date in Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 437-448.
[14]	Lu Xuedan, Li Fan, Xiao Yunhua, Wang Feng, Zhang Guilian, Deng Huabing, Tang Wenbang. Grain Shape Genes: Shaping the Future of Rice Breeding [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 379-404.
[15]	Zhang Guomei, Li Han, Liu Shanshan, Zhou Xuming, Lu Mingyang, Tang Liang, Sun Lihua. Water Extract of Rice False Smut Balls Activates Nrf2/HO-1 and Apoptosis Pathways, Causing Liver Injury [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 473-485.