Influence of Temperature on Symbiotic Bacterium Composition in Successive Generations of Egg Parasitoid, Anagrus nilaparvatae

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2016.06.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Anagrus nilaparvatae is the dominant egg parasitoid of rice planthoppers and plays an important role in biological control. Symbiotic bacteria can significantly influence the development, survival, reproduction and population differentiation of their hosts. To study the influence of temperature on symbiotic bacterial composition in the successive generations of A. nilaparvatae, A. nilaparvatae were raised under different constant temperatures of 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the diversity of symbiotic bacteria. Our results revealed that the endophytic bacteria of A. nilaparvatae were Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp. and some uncultured bacteria. The bacterial community composition in A. nilaparvatae significantly varied among different temperatures and generations, which might be partially caused by temperature, feeding behavior and the physical changes of hosts. However, the analysis of wsp gene showed that the Wolbachia in A. nilaparvatae belonged to group A, sub-group Mors and sub-group Dro. Sub-group Mors was absolutely dominant, and this Wolbachia composition remained stable in different temperatures and generations, except for the 3rd generation under 34 °C during which sub-group Dro became the dominant Wolbachia. The above results suggest that the continuous high temperature of 34 °C can influence the Wolbachia community composition in A. nilaparvatae.

Key words: temperature, Anagrus nilaparvatae, Wolbachia, bacterial community, polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, rice, brown planthopper

Xin Wang, Hong-xing Xu, Shu-ping Liu, Jiang-wu Tang, Xu-song Zheng, Zhong-xian Lv. Influence of Temperature on Symbiotic Bacterium Composition in Successive Generations of Egg Parasitoid, Anagrus nilaparvatae[J]. Rice Science, 2016, 23(4): 203-209.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1. Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile of 16S rDNA V3 fragments of bacteria associated with generations of A. nilaparvatae cultured under different temperatures. M, Marker; T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 corresponding to 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C, respectively; F0 to F4 corresponding to 0 to 4th generations. All marked bands were analyzed by sequence analysis.

Fig. 2. Principal component analysis of denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles. Plots indicate the bacterial community structure of samples; Legends showed the different temperatures and generations.T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 corresponding to 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C, respectively; F0 to F4 corresponding to 0 to 4th generations.

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree of bacteria associated with generations of A. nilaparvatae cultured under different temperatures. Distances were calculated using the maximum-likelihood method, and the tree was constructed using neighbor-jonining method.

Fig. 4. Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile of wsp gene fragments of Wolbachia in generations of A. nilaparvatae cultured under different temperatures. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 corresponding to 22 °C, 25 °C, 28 °C, 31 °C and 34 °C, respectively; F0 to F4 corresponding to 0 to 4th generations. All marked bands were analyzed by sequence analysis.

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree of wsp gene of Wolbachia in generations of A. nilaparvatae cultured under different temperatures.Distances were calculated using the maximum-likelihood method, and the tree was constructed using neighbor-jonining method.

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