Studies on Plant Population and Stand Establishment Techniques for Increasing Productivity of Rice in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

Abstract

Abstract: Rice production in Pakistan is constraint by many factors pertaining to prevalent planting techniques. A research on the feasibility of new planting techniques (direct seeding on flat, transplanting on flat, direct seeding on ridges, transplanting on ridges and parachute planting) in transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice was undertaken at Dera Ismail Khan region of Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province during 2002 and 2003. Among the planting techniques, the best performance for the yield formation and economic evaluation was noted for transplanting on flat during both years. Chinese parachute planting technology also showed very promising results in most of the parameters. Direct seeding on ridges could not excel transplanting on flat and parachute planting during both cropping seasons. The findings concluded the feasibility of parachute planting technology along with traditional rice transplanting on flat over all other planting techniques being practiced in the area.

Key words: rice, plant population, planting techniques, grain yield, leaf area index, Pakistan

Mohammad Safdar BALOCH, Inayat Ullah AWAN, Gul HASSAN, Muhammad ZUBAIR. Studies on Plant Population and Stand Establishment Techniques for Increasing Productivity of Rice in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2007, 14(2): 118-124 .

References

1 Shaikh M A, Kanasro H A. Production, consumption and export of rice. Press release, the daily Dawn. [2003-03-10]. http://dawn.com.
2 Baloch M S, Awan I U, Hassan G, Khan M A, Ahmad K, Sulemani M Z. Quantitative assessment of social and some input variables relating to rice production in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. Pak J Agron, 2004, 3: 52-58.
3 Ghosh A, Sharma A R. Effect of seed rates, seed density and nitrogen on performance of flood prone low land rice. IRRN, 1997, 22: 37-38.
4 Awan I U, Alizai H U, Chaudhary F M. Comparative study of direct seeding and transplanting methods of planting of rice. Sarhad J Agric, 1989, 5: 119-124.
5 Baloch M S, Awan I U, Jatoi S A, Hussain I, Khan B U. Evaluation of seeding densities in broadcast wet seeded rice. J Pure & Appl Sci, 2000, 19: 63-65.
6 Serageldin I. New rice techniques promise up to 25 percent less water usage. Press release, [1999-05-17]. Washington, DC: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and World Bank, 1999.
7 Prabhakar S V R K, Gupta R K, Hobbs P R, Ladha J K. Resource conserving technologies: Transforming the rice wheat systems of the Indo-Gangetic plains. Bangkok: Asia-Pacific association of Agricultural Research Institutions, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 2001: 23-25.
8 Samdani Z. Parachute technology for rice. Press release, the daily Dawn. [2003-08-04]. http://dawn.com.
9 Steel R G D, Torrie J H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., 1980.
10 Stake T, Yoshida S. High temperature induced sterility in
indica rice at flowering. Jpn J Crop Sci, 1978, 47: 6-17.
11 Sorour S G R, El-Keredy M S, Mosalem M E, Hegazy A M. Evaluation of planting methods on two rice cultivars. Ann Agric Sci Cairo, 1998 (Special Issue): 645-661.
12 Sanbagavalli S, Kandasamy O S. Studies on the optimization of seedling age, nitrogen dose and split application for lowland rice established by the seedling throwing method. Acta Agron Hungarica, 1998, 46: 265-271.
13 Budhar M N, Tamilselvan N. Study on stand establishment techniques in lowland irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Madras Agric J, 2001, 88: 365-366.
14 Singh V P. Correlation studies in rice. Agric Sci Digest, 1994, 14 (3-4): 185-188.
15 Hari O M, Katyal S K, Dhiman S D, Om H. Growth analysis of hybrid rice as influenced by seedling density in nursery and nitrogen levels. Haryana Agric Univ J Res, 1997, 27 (2): 107-110.
16 Thakur D S, Patel S R. Growth and sink potential of rice as influenced by split application of nitrogen with and without FYM in Inceptisols of eastern part of central Peninsular India. Oryza, 1999, 36 (3): 280-282.
17 Heu H, Yong K K. Analysis of physiological and ecological characters of rice cultivated with direct seeded cultivation on dry paddy field. In: Ishii R, Horie T. Crop Research in Asia: Achievements and Prospects. Proceedings of 2nd Asian Crop Science Conference. Fukui: Crop Science Society of Japan, 1996: 220-223.
18 Hoon H, Kim Y K, Hoon J, Kim Y K. Analysis of physiological and ecological characteristics of rice cultivated with direct seeding on dry paddy field. Jpn J Crop Sci, 1997, 66 (3): 442-448.
19 Zhong X, Peng S, Sheehy J E, Visperas R M, Liu H. Relationship between tillering and leaf area index: Quantifying critical leaf area index for tillering in rice. J Agric Sci, 2002, 138 (3): 269-279.

[1]	Prathap V, Suresh KUMAR, Nand Lal MEENA, Chirag MAHESHWARI, Monika DALAL, Aruna TYAGI. Phosphorus Starvation Tolerance in Rice Through a Combined Physiological, Biochemical and Proteome Analysis [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 8-.
[2]	Serena REGGI, Elisabetta ONELLI, Alessandra MOSCATELLI, Nadia STROPPA, Matteo Dell’ANNO, Kiril PERFANOV, Luciana ROSSI. Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I_Milano Dimer in Rice Engineered Lines [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 6-.
[3]	Sundus ZAFAR, XU Jianlong. Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 4-.
[4]	Kankunlanach KHAMPUANG, Nanthana CHAIWONG, Atilla YAZICI, Baris DEMIRER, Ismail CAKMAK, Chanakan PROM-U-THAI. Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 9-.
[5]	FAN Fengfeng, CAI Meng, LUO Xiong, LIU Manman, YUAN Huanran, CHENG Mingxing, Ayaz AHMAD, LI Nengwu, LI Shaoqing. Novel QTLs from Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata Confer Rice Strong Tolerance to High Temperature at Seedling Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 14-.
[6]	LIN Shaodan, YAO Yue, LI Jiayi, LI Xiaobin, MA Jie, WENG Haiyong, CHENG Zuxin, YE Dapeng. Application of UAV-Based Imaging and Deep Learning in Assessment of Rice Blast Resistance [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 10-.
[7]	Md. Forshed DEWAN, Md. AHIDUZZAMAN, Md. Nahidul ISLAM, Habibul Bari SHOZIB. Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and South-East Asia: A Review [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 5-.
[8]	Raja CHAKRABORTY, Pratap KALITA, Saikat SEN. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic and Cardiac Risk Preventive Effect of Chakhao Poireiton (A Pigmented Black Rice) in High-Fat High-Sugar induced Rats [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 11-.
[9]	LI Qianlong, FENG Qi, WANG Heqin, KANG Yunhai, ZHANG Conghe, DU Ming, ZHANG Yunhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Jinjie, HAN Bin, FANG Yu, WANG Ahong. Genome-Wide Dissection of Quan 9311A Breeding Process and Application Advantages [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 7-.
[10]	JI Dongling, XIAO Wenhui, SUN Zhiwei, LIU Lijun, GU Junfei, ZHANG Hao, Tom Matthew HARRISON, LIU Ke, WANG Zhiqin, WANG Weilu, YANG Jianchang. Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 12-.
[11]	Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, Norlida Mat Daud, Julieta Griboff, Abdul Rahim Harun. Elemental Assessments in Paddy Soil for Geographical Traceability of Rice from Peninsular Malaysia [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 486-498.
[12]	Ammara Latif, Sun Ying, Pu Cuixia, Noman Ali. Rice Curled Its Leaves Either Adaxially or Abaxially to Combat Drought Stress [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 405-416.
[13]	Liu Qiao, Qiu Linlin, Hua Yangguang, Li Jing, Pang Bo, Zhai Yufeng, Wang Dekai. LHD3 Encoding a J-Domain Protein Controls Heading Date in Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 437-448.
[14]	Lu Xuedan, Li Fan, Xiao Yunhua, Wang Feng, Zhang Guilian, Deng Huabing, Tang Wenbang. Grain Shape Genes: Shaping the Future of Rice Breeding [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 379-404.
[15]	Zhang Guomei, Li Han, Liu Shanshan, Zhou Xuming, Lu Mingyang, Tang Liang, Sun Lihua. Water Extract of Rice False Smut Balls Activates Nrf2/HO-1 and Apoptosis Pathways, Causing Liver Injury [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 473-485.