Recent Insights into Signaling Responses to Cope Drought Stress in Rice

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2021.08.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Drought is one of the hot topics needing urgent attention in the current era of climate change. It massively disturbs the rice growth and productivity and is becoming a serious threat. The drought avoidance strategies in rice include stomatal closure, cellular adaptation and changes in root development. Moreover, the endogenous plant hormones (abscisic acid and jasmonic acid) and reactive oxygen species have paramount importance in drought tolerance in rice. The drought tolerance induces modification in biochemical, molecular and physiological properties of plants. At the molecular level, expression of several transcription-factors is modulated which further determine the activation of drought responsive gene families. Mitogen activated protein kinases and Ca signaling pathways initiate an array of signaling cascade for mediating the gene expression in rice. Approaches, conventional breeding methods combined with modern emerging techniques such as genetic engineering, to improve rice drought tolerance were discussed. This review provided recent insights into major regulatory factors against drought stress, signaling mechanisms and molecular engineering strategies (including conventional transgenic and recent genome editing approaches) to induce drought tolerance in rice.

Key words: drought stress, rice, signaling response, regulatory factor

Muhammad Mahran Aslam, Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid, Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Fozia Farhat, Shafquat Yasmeen, Imtiaz Ahmad Khan, Shameem Raja, Fatima Rasool, Mahboob Ali Sial, Zhao Yan. Recent Insights into Signaling Responses to Cope Drought Stress in Rice[J]. Rice Science, 2022, 29(2): 105-117.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig. 1. Effects of drought and response in rice (Ullah et al, 2017). ABA, Abscisic acid; APX, Ascorbate peroxidase; CAT, Catalase; GR, Glutathione reductase; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SOD, Superoxide dismutas

Fig. 2. Various signaling pathways connectively enhanced drought tolerance in rice. OPDA, Oxo-phytodienoic acid; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; JA, Jasmonic acid; JAZ, Jasmonate-zim domain; MYC2, Myelocytomatosis; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; MAP2K, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MAP3K, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; ABA, Abscisic acid; PP2C, Protein phosphatase 2C; TF, Transcription factor; PYR, Pyrabactin resistance; PYL, PYR-like regulatory.

Fig. 3. ROS scavenging machinery having two arms: Enzymatic arm and non-enzymatic arm (Ullah et al, 2017). Enzymatic arm contains various enzymes which convert ROS into other substances. Likewise, non-enzymatic arm contains other substances which scavenge ROS. ROS, Reactive oxygen species; SOD, Superoxide dismutase; CAT, Catalase; APX, Ascorbate peroxidase; MDAR, Monodehydroascorbate reductase; MDA, Monodehydroascobate; NAD(P)H, Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; DHAR, Dehydroascorbate reductase; GSH, Reduced glutathione; GSSG, Glutathione disulfide; GR, Glutathione reductase; GPX, Guaiacol peroxidase; GST, Glutathione S-transferase; AA, Ascorbic acid; LPO, Lactoperoxidas; LHC, Light harvesting complex.

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