Anatomical and Chemical Characteristics of a Rolling Leaf Mutant of Rice and Its Ecophysiological Properties

Abstract

Abstract: The anatomical and chemical characteristics of a rolling leaf mutant (rlm) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its ecophysiological properties in photosynthesis and apoplastic transport were investigated. Compared with the wild type (WT), the areas of whole vascular bundles and xylem as well as the ratios of xylem area/whole vascular bundles area and xylem area/phloem area were higher in rlm, whereas the area and the width of foliar bulliform cell were lower. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy spectra of foliar cell walls differed greatly between rlm and WT. The rlm exhibited lower protein and polysaccharide contents of foliar cell walls. An obvious reduction of pectin content was also found in rlm by biochemical measurements. Moreover, the rate of photosynthesis was depressed while the conductance of stoma and the intercellular CO₂ concentration were enhanced in rlm. The PTS fluorescence, which represents the ability of apoplastic transport, was 11% higher in rlm than in WT. These results suggest that the changes in anatomical and chemical characteristics of foliar vascular bundles, such as the reduction of proteins, pectins, and other polysaccharides of foliar cell walls, participate in the leaf rolling mutation, and consequently lead to the reduced photosynthetic dynamics and apoplastic transport ability in the mutant.

Key words: rice, rolling leaf mutant, anatomical characteristics, chemical characteristics, apoplastic transpor

BAI Lei, DUAN Zhuang-qin, WANG Jun-min, AN Li-zhe, ZHAO Zhi-guang, CHEN Kun-ming. Anatomical and Chemical Characteristics of a Rolling Leaf Mutant of Rice and Its Ecophysiological Properties[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2008, 15(3): 201-208 .

References

1 Shen F C. Several opinions on how to use rolling leaf character of rice in breeding. Guizhou Agric Sci, 1983(5): 6–8. (in Chinese)
2 Gu X Y, Gu M H. Genetic analysis of a rolling leaf character in rice. Hereditas, 1995, 17(5): 20–23. (in Chinese)
3 Richards R A. Selectable traits to increase crop photosynthesis and yield of grain crops. J Exp Bot, 2000, 51: 447–458.
4 Murchie E H, Chen Y Z, Hubbart S, Peng S B, Horton P. Interaction between senescence and leaf orientation determine in situ patterns of photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field- grown rice. Plant Physiol, 1999, 119: 553–563.
5 Horton P. Prospects for crop improvement through the genetic manipulation of photosynthesis: Morphological and biochemical aspects of light capture. J Exp Bot, 2000, 51: 475–485.
6 Thomas R S, John E S. Erect leaves and photosynthesis in rice. Science, 1999, 283: 1455–1457.
7 Yuan L P. Super-high yield hybrid rice breeding. Hybrid Rice, 1997, 12(6): 1–6. (in Chinese)
8 Hu J. Study of rice rolling leaf character and analysis of related gene. MSc dissertation. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2003. (in Chinese with English abstract)
9 Lang Y Z, Zhang Z J, Gu X Y, Yang J C, Zhu Q S. Physiological and ecological effects of crimpy leaf character in rice (Oryza sativa L.): I. Leaf orientation, canopy structure and light distribution. Acta Agric Sin, 2004, 30(8): 806–810. (in Chinese with English abstract)
10 Zhu D F, Lin X Q, Cao W X. Comparing photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid rice with different curling degrees. Acta Agric Sin, 2001, 27(3): 329–333. (in Chinese with English abstract)
11 Lang Y Z, Zhang Z J, Gu X Y, Yang J C, Zhu Q S. Physiological and ecological effects of crimpy leaf character in rice (Oryza sativa L.): II. Photosynthetic character, dry matter production and yield forming. Acta Agric Sin, 2004, 30(9): 883–887. (in Chinese with English abstract)
12 Yan C J, Yan S, Zhang Z Q, Liang G H, Lu J F, Gu M H. Genetic analysis and gene fine mapping for a rice novel mutant rl9(t) with rolling leaf character. Chinese Sci Bull, 2006, 51(1): 63–69.
13 Lu J F. The research of concave leaf traits impact of material production and yield in rice. MSc dissertation. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2002. (in Chinese with English abstract)
14 Sabba R P, Lulai E C. Histological analysis of the maturation of native and wound periderm in potato tuber. Annu Bot, 2002, 90: 1–10.
15 Wang L W, Showalter A M, Ungar I A. Effect of salinity on growth, ion content, and cell wall chemistry in Atriplex prostratea (Chenopodiaceae). Am J Bot, 1997, 84: 1247– 1255.
16 Zeier J, Goll A, Yokoyama M, Karahara I, Schreiber L. Structure and chemical composition of endodermal and hypodermal/rhizodermal walls of several species. Plant Cell Environ, 1999, 22: 271–279.
17 Li Y H, Qian Q, Zhou Y H, Yan M X, Sun L, Zhang M, Fu Z M, Wang Y H, Han B, Pang X M, Chen M S, Li J Y. Brittle Culm1, which encodes a COBRA-like protein, affects the

mechanical properties of rice plants. Plant Cell, 2003, 15: 2020–2031.
18 Updergraff D M. Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological materials. Anal Biochem, 1969, 32: 420–424.
19 Ashwell G. Colorimetric analysis of sugars. Methods Enzymol, 1957, 3: 73–105.
20 Zwiazek J J. Cell wall changes in white spruce (Picea glauca) needles subjected to repeated drought stress. Physiol Plant, 1991, 82: 513–518.
21 Crawford R L. Lignin Biodegradation and Transformation. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981: 7–129.
22 Galambos J T. The reaction of carbazole with carbohydrate: I. Effect of borate and sulfamate on the carbazole color of sugars. Anal Biochem, 1967, 19(1): 119–132.
23 Yeo A R, Flowers S A, Rao G, Welfare K, Senanayake N, Flowers T J. Silicon reduces sodium uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in saline conditions and this is accounted for by a reduction in the transpirational bypass flow. Plant Cell Environ, 1999, 22: 559–565.
24 Ivanova D G, Singh B R. Nondestructive FTIR monitoring of leaf senescence and elicitin-induced changes in plant leaves. Biopolymers, 2003, 72: 79–85.
25 Zeier J, Schreiber L. Fourier transform infrared-spectroscopic characterisation of isolated endodermal cell walls from plant roots: Chemical nature in relation to anatomical development. Planta, 1999, 209: 537–542.
26 Pandey K K, Pitman A J. FTIR studies of the changes in wood chemistry following decay by brown-rot and white-rot fungi. Int J Biodeter Biodegr, 2003, 52: 151–160.
27 Galichet A, Sockalingum G D, Belarli A, Manfait M. FTIR spectroscopic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls: Study of an anomalous strain exhibiting a pink-colored cell phenotype. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2001, 197: 179–186.
28 Hori R, Sugiyama J. A combined FTIR microscopy and principal component analysis on softwood cell walls. Carbohyd Polym, 2003, 52: 449–453.
29 Pereira L, Sousa A, Coelho H, Amado A M, Riberiro-Claro P J A. Use of FTIR, FT-Raman and 13CNMR spectroscopy for identification of some seaweed phycocolloids. Biomol Eng, 2003, 20: 223–228.
30 Chen K M, Wang F, Wang Y H, Chen T, Hu Y X, Lin J X. Anatomical and chemical characteristics of foliar vascular bundles in four reed ecotypes adapted to different habitats. Flora, 2006, 201: 555–569.
31 Equiza M A, Tognetti J A. Morphological plasticity of spring and winter wheats in response to changing temperatures. Funct Plant Biol, 2002, 29: 1427–1436.
32 Moulia B. Leaves as shell structures: Double curvature, auto- stresses, and minimal mechanical energy constraints on leaf rolling in grasses. J Plant Growth Regul, 2000, 19: 19–30.
33 Bowes B G. A Colour Atlas of Plant Structure. London: Manson Publishers, 1996.
34 Thakur B R, Singh R K, Handa A K. Chemistry and uses of pectin: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 1997, 37: 47–73.

[1]	Prathap V, Suresh KUMAR, Nand Lal MEENA, Chirag MAHESHWARI, Monika DALAL, Aruna TYAGI. Phosphorus Starvation Tolerance in Rice Through a Combined Physiological, Biochemical and Proteome Analysis [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 8-.
[2]	Serena REGGI, Elisabetta ONELLI, Alessandra MOSCATELLI, Nadia STROPPA, Matteo Dell’ANNO, Kiril PERFANOV, Luciana ROSSI. Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I_Milano Dimer in Rice Engineered Lines [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 6-.
[3]	Sundus ZAFAR, XU Jianlong. Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 4-.
[4]	Kankunlanach KHAMPUANG, Nanthana CHAIWONG, Atilla YAZICI, Baris DEMIRER, Ismail CAKMAK, Chanakan PROM-U-THAI. Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 9-.
[5]	FAN Fengfeng, CAI Meng, LUO Xiong, LIU Manman, YUAN Huanran, CHENG Mingxing, Ayaz AHMAD, LI Nengwu, LI Shaoqing. Novel QTLs from Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata Confer Rice Strong Tolerance to High Temperature at Seedling Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 14-.
[6]	LIN Shaodan, YAO Yue, LI Jiayi, LI Xiaobin, MA Jie, WENG Haiyong, CHENG Zuxin, YE Dapeng. Application of UAV-Based Imaging and Deep Learning in Assessment of Rice Blast Resistance [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 10-.
[7]	Md. Forshed DEWAN, Md. AHIDUZZAMAN, Md. Nahidul ISLAM, Habibul Bari SHOZIB. Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and South-East Asia: A Review [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 5-.
[8]	Raja CHAKRABORTY, Pratap KALITA, Saikat SEN. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic and Cardiac Risk Preventive Effect of Chakhao Poireiton (A Pigmented Black Rice) in High-Fat High-Sugar induced Rats [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 11-.
[9]	LI Qianlong, FENG Qi, WANG Heqin, KANG Yunhai, ZHANG Conghe, DU Ming, ZHANG Yunhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Jinjie, HAN Bin, FANG Yu, WANG Ahong. Genome-Wide Dissection of Quan 9311A Breeding Process and Application Advantages [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 7-.
[10]	JI Dongling, XIAO Wenhui, SUN Zhiwei, LIU Lijun, GU Junfei, ZHANG Hao, Tom Matthew HARRISON, LIU Ke, WANG Zhiqin, WANG Weilu, YANG Jianchang. Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 12-.
[11]	Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, Norlida Mat Daud, Julieta Griboff, Abdul Rahim Harun. Elemental Assessments in Paddy Soil for Geographical Traceability of Rice from Peninsular Malaysia [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 486-498.
[12]	Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Stefania Bottega, Carlo Sorce, Carmelina SpanÒ. Effects of Zinc Oxide Particles with Different Sizes on Root Development in Oryza sativa [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 449-458.
[13]	Tan Jingyi, Zhang Xiaobo, Shang Huihui, Li Panpan, Wang Zhonghao, Liao Xinwei, Xu Xia, Yang Shihua, Gong Junyi, Wu Jianli. ORYZA SATIVA SPOTTED-LEAF 41 (OsSPL41) Negatively Regulates Plant Immunity in Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 426-436.
[14]	Ammara Latif, Sun Ying, Pu Cuixia, Noman Ali. Rice Curled Its Leaves Either Adaxially or Abaxially to Combat Drought Stress [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 405-416.
[15]	Liu Qiao, Qiu Linlin, Hua Yangguang, Li Jing, Pang Bo, Zhai Yufeng, Wang Dekai. LHD3 Encoding a J-Domain Protein Controls Heading Date in Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 437-448.