Processing Methods of Alkaline Hydrolysate from Rice Husk

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2017.04.003

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper devoted to finding processing methods of alkaline hydrolysate produced from rice husk pre-extraction, and discusses alkaline hydrolysate processing schemed and disengagement of some products: amorphous silica of various quality, alkaline lignin, and water and alkaline extraction polysaccharides. Silica samples were characterized: crude (air-dried), burnt (no preliminary water treatment), washed in distilled water, and washed in distilled water and burnt. Waste water parameters upon the extraction of solids from alkaline hydrolysate dropped a few dozens or thousand times depending on the applied processing method. Color decreased a few thousand times, turbidity was virtually eliminated, chemical oxygen demanded about 20-136 times; polyphenols content might decrease 50% or be virtually eliminated. The most prospective scheme obtained the two following solid products from rice husk alkaline hydrolysate: amorphous silica and alkaline extraction polysaccharide. Chemical oxygen demand of the remaining waste water decreased about 140 times compared to the silica-free solution.

Key words: rice, husk, alkaline hydrolysate, silica, lignin, polysaccharide

D. Arefieva Olga, A. Zemnukhova Liudmila, A. Kovshun Anastasia, V. Kovekhova Anna. Processing Methods of Alkaline Hydrolysate from Rice Husk[J]. Rice Science, 2017, 24(4): 235-240.

Figures/Tables 5

References 31

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Solution processing scheme	pH	Color	Turbidity (mg/L)	COD (mg/L)	BOD₅ (mg/L)	Polyphenol (mg/L)
S1	13.9	95 000	3 205	50 804	34 317	1 833
S2	5.9	13 833	769	17 096	5 673	1 094
Scheme I	5.8	10	7	847	71	< 0.025
Scheme II	6.6	2	2	126	-	-
Scheme III	4.6	5	1	130	-	-
Scheme V (S3)	2.4	2 346	132	12 800	6 421		750

Solution processing scheme	pH	Color	Turbidity (mg/L)	COD (mg/L)	BOD₅ (mg/L)	Polyphenol (mg/L)
S1	13.9	95 000	3 205	50 804	34 317	1 833
S2	5.9	13 833	769	17 096	5 673	1 094
Scheme I	5.8	10	7	847	71	< 0.025
Scheme II	6.6	2	2	126	-	-
Scheme III	4.6	5	1	130	-	-
Scheme V (S3)	2.4	2 346	132	12 800	6 421		750

Waste water quality indicator	Alkaline hydrolysate of rice husk		Black liquor of wheat straw					Black liquor of rice straw
	(In this work)		(Sulphate pulping) ^a					(Sodium hydroxide pulping) ^b
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment			After treatment		Before treatment		After treatment
Color (Degree)	13 833	10	1 750		175			Brown	-
BOD₅ (mgO₂/L)	5 673	-	615-670		50			300-400	-
COD (mgO/L)	17 096	847	2 000-2 100		410			5 000-6 000	160
Conditions of electrochemical treatment
Material of the electrodes (cathode and anode)	Anode: Ruthenium oxide-titanium;			Anode-Cathode: Iron			Anode: lead sheets (PbO₂);
Material of the electrodes (cathode and anode)	Cathode: Commercial titanium (Brand ВТ1-0)			(Magnetite Fe₃O₄)			Cathode: stainless steel
Current density (mA/cm²)	100			5, 6			6, 6
Electrolysis time (min)	90			90			60
Volume of the cell (mL)	50			2 000			-
NaCl concentration (g/L)	4 ^c			0.625 ^d			1 ^b

Waste water quality indicator	Alkaline hydrolysate of rice husk		Black liquor of wheat straw					Black liquor of rice straw
	(In this work)		(Sulphate pulping) ^a					(Sodium hydroxide pulping) ^b
	Before treatment	After treatment	Before treatment			After treatment		Before treatment		After treatment
Color (Degree)	13 833	10	1 750		175			Brown	-
BOD₅ (mgO₂/L)	5 673	-	615-670		50			300-400	-
COD (mgO/L)	17 096	847	2 000-2 100		410			5 000-6 000	160
Conditions of electrochemical treatment
Material of the electrodes (cathode and anode)	Anode: Ruthenium oxide-titanium;			Anode-Cathode: Iron			Anode: lead sheets (PbO₂);
Material of the electrodes (cathode and anode)	Cathode: Commercial titanium (Brand ВТ1-0)			(Magnetite Fe₃O₄)			Cathode: stainless steel
Current density (mA/cm²)	100			5, 6			6, 6
Electrolysis time (min)	90			90			60
Volume of the cell (mL)	50			2 000			-
NaCl concentration (g/L)	4 ^c			0.625 ^d			1 ^b

Sample	Product	Color	Yield (%)	SiO₂(%)	S_sp (m²/g)	x-ray phase analysis
No. 1	Crude	Brown	50	36	5.9	AP + NaCl
No. 2	Burnt at 650 ºC	Black	29	60	5.6	AP + NaCl + Cristobalite
No. 3	Washed and air-dried	Beige	19	96	59.2	AP
No. 4	Washed and burnt at 650 ºC	White	9	99	35.8	AP