Development of Rice Leaves: How Histocytes Modulate Leaf Polarity Establishment

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2020.09.004

Abstract

Abstract:

An ideal leaf shape is beneficial to the yield of rice. Molecular understanding of the leaf primordia and polarity establishment plays a significant role in exploring the genetic regulatory network of leaf morphogenesis. In recent years, researchers have cloned an array of coding genes and a few non-coding small RNAs involved in rice leaf development through regulating the development of leaf primordia, vascular bundles, sclerenchyma cells, bulliform cells, cell walls and epidermis cells. These genes and their interactions play critical roles in rice leaf development through the determination and regulatory role in gene expression, and their coordination with other genetic networks or signal pathways. But the relationship among these genes is poorly defined and the underlying network is still unclear. In this review, we introduced the regulatory pathways of leaf primordium development and leaf polarity establishment, mainly the relationship between cell development mechanism and leaf polarity establishment, focusing on how leaf tissue affects leaf shape. Hopefully, the regulation network reviewed here has immediate implications for future research and genomic design breeding.

Key words: rice, leaf morphogenesis, molecular mechanism, tissue cell, leaf polarity establishment

Jiajia Wang, Jing Xu, Qian Qian, Guangheng Zhang. Development of Rice Leaves: How Histocytes Modulate Leaf Polarity Establishment[J]. Rice Science, 2020, 27(6): 468-479.

Figures/Tables 4

References 94

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Gene symbol	Gene function	Effect on leaf tissue	Reference
NAL1/LSCHL4	Trypsin-like serine/cysteine protease	Cell division, cell expansion and vascular development	Zhang et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2015; Lin et al, 2019
OsWOX4	WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene family	Cell division and vascular differentiation	Ohmori et al, 2013; Yasui et al, 2018
SNFL1/NL1	GATA family	Cell expansion and vascular development	He et al, 2018
TDD1/OASB1	Rice anthranilate synthase β-subunit	Cell expansion and vascular development	Sazuka et al, 2009
NRL1/OsCSLD4	Cellulose synthase-like d4	Cell expansion and vascular development	Hu et al, 2010
LPA1/OsIDD14	INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein	Cell division and cell expansion	Wu et al, 2013
OsJar1/OsGH3-5	Jasmonic acid-amino acid synthetase	Cell division	Zhang S N et al, 2015
SG1	Unknown	Cell division	Nakagawa et al, 2012
OsARF18/OsARF10	Auxin response factor	Cell division	Huang et al, 2016
SGL1	SG1-like protein 1	Cell division	Nakagawa et al, 2012
D1/RGA1	GTP-binding α-subunit of heterotrimeric G protein	Cell division	Izawa et al, 2010
STD1	A phragmoplast-associated kinesin-related protein	Cell division	Fang et al, 2018
OsSAUR45	Small auxin-up RNA	Cell expansion	Xu Y X et al, 2017
OsVPE3	Vacuolar processing enzyme/cysteine proteinases	Cell expansion	Lu et al, 2016
RPL3B/RML1	Ribosome large subunit protein 3b	Cell expansion	Zheng et al, 2016
OsCCC1	Cation-chloride cotransporter	Cell expansion	Chen et al, 2016
GL7/GW7/OsFLW7	LONGIFOLIA protein	Cell expansion	Wang et al, 2015
GL7NR	Negative regulator of GL7	Cell expansion	Wang et al, 2015
DGL1	Microtubule-severing katanin-like protein	Cell expansion	Komorisono et al, 2005
OsARF19/OsARF7a	Auxin response factor	Cell expansion	Zhang S N et al, 2015
OsOFP2	Ovate family protein 2	Cell expansion	Schmitz et al, 2015
OsGIF1	GRF-interacting factor 1, putative, expressed	Cell expansion	He et al, 2017
OsNAAL1/CHR729	Chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA-binding protein	Vascular development	Xu J et al, 2017
Osa-miR319a	MicroRNA319	Vascular development	Yang et al, 2013
Osa-miR319b	MicroRNA319	Vascular development	Yang et al, 2013
NAL9/VYL/ClpP	Plastidic caseinolytic protease	Vascular development	Li et al, 2013
OsIAA3	Rice auxin/indole acetic acid gene	Vascular development	Nakamura et al, 2006
OsWOX3A	WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A	Vascular development	Ishiwata et al, 2013; Ohmori et al, 2013; Cho et al, 2016
OsARVL4	Insoluble protein, putative, expressed	Vascular development	Wang et al, 2016
REL2	Unknown function protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains	Bulliform cell development	Yang et al, 2016
REL1	Unknown	Bulliform cell development	Chen et al, 2015
ACL1	With unknown conserved functional domains	Bulliform cell development	Li et al, 2010
OsZHD1/ACL-D	Zn-finger transcription factor	Bulliform cell development	Xu et al, 2014
Roc5/oul1	Homeodomain leucine zipper class IV gene	Bulliform cell development	Zou et al, 2011
LRRK1	Receptor like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs)	Bulliform cell development	Zhou et al, 2018
OsLBD3-7	Lateral organ boundaries domain gene	Bulliform cell development	Li C et al, 2016
OSHB4/OsHox32	Class III homeodomain Leu zipper (HD-ZIP class III)	Bulliform cell development	Li Y Y et al, 2016
OsYABBY6	YABBY gene	Bulliform cell development	Xia et al, 2017
OsCOW1/NAL7	Flavin-containing monooxygenase	Bulliform cell and vascular development	Fujino et al, 2008
ADL1/OsDEK1	Plant-specific calpain-like cysteine proteinase	Sclerenchyma cell development	Hibara et al, 2009
OsAGO1b	AGO gene	Sclerenchyma cell development	Li et al, 2019
SLL1	SHAQKYF class MYB family transcription factor	Sclerenchyma cell development	Zhang et al, 2009
OsYAB1/OsYABBY1	YABBY gene	Sclerenchyma cell development	Dai et al, 2007b
SRL2/AVB/NRL2	A protein with unknown function	Sclerenchyma cell development	Liu et al, 2016; Zhao et al, 2016; Ma et al, 2017
OsMYB103L/CEF1	R2R3-MYB transcription factor	Cell wall development	Yang et al, 2014
SRS3/OsKinesin-13A	Microtubule depolymerase	Cell wall development	Deng et al, 2015
OsEXPB2	β-expansin gene	Cell wall relaxation	Zou et al, 2015
OsSND2	No apical meristem protein, putative, expressed	Thickness of sclerenchyma cell wall	Ye et al, 2018
RL14	2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase family protein	Secondary cell wall formation	Fang et al, 2012
CLD1/SRL1	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein	Epidermal cell development	Xiang et al, 2012
OsKS2/OsKSL2	Ent-beyerene synthase	Mesophyll cell development	Ji et al, 2014
ONI3/Mini1	Long-chain fatty acid ω-alcohol dehydrogenase	Leaf primordium development	Fang et al, 2015
WSL1	β-ketoacyl CoA synthase	Leaf wax biosynthesis	Yu et al, 2008
CFL1	WW domain protein	Cuticle development	Wu et al, 2011
OsCHR4	CHD3 family chromatin remodeler	Cuticular wax biosynthesis	Guo et al, 2019

Gene symbol	Gene function	Effect on leaf tissue	Reference
NAL1/LSCHL4	Trypsin-like serine/cysteine protease	Cell division, cell expansion and vascular development	Zhang et al, 2014; Jiang et al, 2015; Lin et al, 2019
OsWOX4	WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene family	Cell division and vascular differentiation	Ohmori et al, 2013; Yasui et al, 2018
SNFL1/NL1	GATA family	Cell expansion and vascular development	He et al, 2018
TDD1/OASB1	Rice anthranilate synthase β-subunit	Cell expansion and vascular development	Sazuka et al, 2009
NRL1/OsCSLD4	Cellulose synthase-like d4	Cell expansion and vascular development	Hu et al, 2010
LPA1/OsIDD14	INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein	Cell division and cell expansion	Wu et al, 2013
OsJar1/OsGH3-5	Jasmonic acid-amino acid synthetase	Cell division	Zhang S N et al, 2015
SG1	Unknown	Cell division	Nakagawa et al, 2012
OsARF18/OsARF10	Auxin response factor	Cell division	Huang et al, 2016
SGL1	SG1-like protein 1	Cell division	Nakagawa et al, 2012
D1/RGA1	GTP-binding α-subunit of heterotrimeric G protein	Cell division	Izawa et al, 2010
STD1	A phragmoplast-associated kinesin-related protein	Cell division	Fang et al, 2018
OsSAUR45	Small auxin-up RNA	Cell expansion	Xu Y X et al, 2017
OsVPE3	Vacuolar processing enzyme/cysteine proteinases	Cell expansion	Lu et al, 2016
RPL3B/RML1	Ribosome large subunit protein 3b	Cell expansion	Zheng et al, 2016
OsCCC1	Cation-chloride cotransporter	Cell expansion	Chen et al, 2016
GL7/GW7/OsFLW7	LONGIFOLIA protein	Cell expansion	Wang et al, 2015
GL7NR	Negative regulator of GL7	Cell expansion	Wang et al, 2015
DGL1	Microtubule-severing katanin-like protein	Cell expansion	Komorisono et al, 2005
OsARF19/OsARF7a	Auxin response factor	Cell expansion	Zhang S N et al, 2015
OsOFP2	Ovate family protein 2	Cell expansion	Schmitz et al, 2015
OsGIF1	GRF-interacting factor 1, putative, expressed	Cell expansion	He et al, 2017
OsNAAL1/CHR729	Chromodomain helicase/ATPase DNA-binding protein	Vascular development	Xu J et al, 2017
Osa-miR319a	MicroRNA319	Vascular development	Yang et al, 2013
Osa-miR319b	MicroRNA319	Vascular development	Yang et al, 2013
NAL9/VYL/ClpP	Plastidic caseinolytic protease	Vascular development	Li et al, 2013
OsIAA3	Rice auxin/indole acetic acid gene	Vascular development	Nakamura et al, 2006
OsWOX3A	WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A	Vascular development	Ishiwata et al, 2013; Ohmori et al, 2013; Cho et al, 2016
OsARVL4	Insoluble protein, putative, expressed	Vascular development	Wang et al, 2016
REL2	Unknown function protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains	Bulliform cell development	Yang et al, 2016
REL1	Unknown	Bulliform cell development	Chen et al, 2015
ACL1	With unknown conserved functional domains	Bulliform cell development	Li et al, 2010
OsZHD1/ACL-D	Zn-finger transcription factor	Bulliform cell development	Xu et al, 2014
Roc5/oul1	Homeodomain leucine zipper class IV gene	Bulliform cell development	Zou et al, 2011
LRRK1	Receptor like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs)	Bulliform cell development	Zhou et al, 2018
OsLBD3-7	Lateral organ boundaries domain gene	Bulliform cell development	Li C et al, 2016
OSHB4/OsHox32	Class III homeodomain Leu zipper (HD-ZIP class III)	Bulliform cell development	Li Y Y et al, 2016
OsYABBY6	YABBY gene	Bulliform cell development	Xia et al, 2017
OsCOW1/NAL7	Flavin-containing monooxygenase	Bulliform cell and vascular development	Fujino et al, 2008
ADL1/OsDEK1	Plant-specific calpain-like cysteine proteinase	Sclerenchyma cell development	Hibara et al, 2009
OsAGO1b	AGO gene	Sclerenchyma cell development	Li et al, 2019
SLL1	SHAQKYF class MYB family transcription factor	Sclerenchyma cell development	Zhang et al, 2009
OsYAB1/OsYABBY1	YABBY gene	Sclerenchyma cell development	Dai et al, 2007b
SRL2/AVB/NRL2	A protein with unknown function	Sclerenchyma cell development	Liu et al, 2016; Zhao et al, 2016; Ma et al, 2017
OsMYB103L/CEF1	R2R3-MYB transcription factor	Cell wall development	Yang et al, 2014
SRS3/OsKinesin-13A	Microtubule depolymerase	Cell wall development	Deng et al, 2015
OsEXPB2	β-expansin gene	Cell wall relaxation	Zou et al, 2015
OsSND2	No apical meristem protein, putative, expressed	Thickness of sclerenchyma cell wall	Ye et al, 2018
RL14	2OG-Fe (II) oxygenase family protein	Secondary cell wall formation	Fang et al, 2012
CLD1/SRL1	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein	Epidermal cell development	Xiang et al, 2012
OsKS2/OsKSL2	Ent-beyerene synthase	Mesophyll cell development	Ji et al, 2014
ONI3/Mini1	Long-chain fatty acid ω-alcohol dehydrogenase	Leaf primordium development	Fang et al, 2015
WSL1	β-ketoacyl CoA synthase	Leaf wax biosynthesis	Yu et al, 2008
CFL1	WW domain protein	Cuticle development	Wu et al, 2011
OsCHR4	CHD3 family chromatin remodeler	Cuticular wax biosynthesis	Guo et al, 2019