Rice Science ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 146-155.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.01.004
• Research Paper • Previous Articles Next Articles
Qian Sun1, Shuo Yang1, Xiaofan Guo2, Siting Wang1, Xintong Jia1, Shuang Li3, Yuanhu Xuan1()
Received:
2020-02-07
Accepted:
2020-07-06
Online:
2021-03-28
Published:
2021-03-28
About author:
#These authors contributed equally to this work
Qian Sun, Shuo Yang, Xiaofan Guo, Siting Wang, Xintong Jia, Shuang Li, Yuanhu Xuan. RAVL1 Activates IDD3 to Negatively Regulate Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight Disease[J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(2): 146-155.
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Fig. 1. RAVL1 directly activated IDD3. A, Expression of IDD3 was examined and Ubiquitin was used as the reference gene to normalize gene expression level. The leaves from one-month-old seedlings of wild type (WT), ravl1 mutants (ravl1-1 and ravl1-2) and RAVL1 overexpressors (RAVL1 OX1 and RAVL1 OX2) were used for RNA extraction using the TRIzol.B, Diagrammatic representation of the 1.0 kb IDD3 promoter. P1 and P2 indicate the regions detected in the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay (C). C, ChIP-PCR was performed to analyze the binding affinity of RAVL1 to P1 and P2 regions (B). The anti-GFP antibody was used for immune- precipitation. D, Yeast one-hybrid assay was performed to analyze RAVL1 activation of the 1.0 kb IDD3 promoter. Yeast cells harboring either AD-RAVL1 or AD together with pIDD3-His or mpIDD3-His were grown on synthetic dropout media lacking either Leu (-L) or Leu and His (-LH). mp, Mutated at the P1 region.E, Transient expression assay was performed by co-transfection with p35S:RAVL1 and each of the vectors expressing the beta-glucuronidase gene (GUS) under the control of native (pIDD3) and E-box motif-mutated (mpIDD3) promoters in protoplast cells. The luciferase gene driven by the 35S promoter was used as an internal control to normalize the expression of GUS. Data in A, C and E represent Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.
Fig. 2. IDD3 expression pattern in rice. A, Quantitative real-time PCR was performed on the mRNA extracted from the roots and leaves of one-week-old plants, shoot apecies of one- month-old plants, nodes and flowers of three-month-old plants. Ubiquitin was used as the control.B, Expression of IDD3 from one-week-old plant leaves or roots as well as nodes and flowers of three-month-old plants was analyzed using transgenic plants, in which GUS was expressed from an endogenous IDD3 promoter. Black arrowhead indicates GUS staining site in the flower photo.C, R. solani-infection mediated expression of IDD3 was analyzed at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi). The RNA was extracted by using the TRIzol, and Ubiquitin was used as the reference gene to normalize gene expression level.Data in A and C represent Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.
Fig. 3. Transactivation and nuclear localization of IDD3. A, Sequence alignment of rice IDD3 and ID1. Identical and similar amino acids are shown in black and gray boxes, respectively. Blue and red horizontal bars indicate the putative nuclear localization sequence and indeterminate domains, respectively. Asterisks in the red horizontal bar indicate the core amino acids of the two C2H2 and two C2HC zinc fingers. B, Transactivation activity of different regions of IDD3. DNA encoding the full-length IDD3 (495 aa), the N-terminal (212 aa), and the C-terminal (283 aa) regions of IDD3 was fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain and transformed into the yeast cells. AtNAC1 was used as the positive control. C, Confocal microscopic images of GFP overlapped with propidium iodide (PI) staining in a lateral root of IDD3-GFP transgenic plants (top left). The lower left panel shows light microscopy of the same tissue (DIC). Bars, 20 µm.
Fig. 4. Response of idd3 mutants and IDD3 overexpressors against sheath blight. A, Diagrammatic representation of the genomic structure along with the T-DNA insertion site. Black and white boxes indicate the exons and the untranslated regions, respectively. The triangles in the second intron indicate the T-DNA insertion site in the idd3 mutants (idd3-1 and idd3-2). Short horizontal arrows indicate the location of primers that were used in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). B, qRT-PCR was performed to test the expression of IDD3 in wild type (WT), idd3 mutants and IDD3 overexpressors (IDD3 OX1 and IDD3 OX2). The leaves from one-month-old plants were used for RNA extraction using the TRIzol. Ubiquitin was used as the reference gene to normalize gene expression level.C, Phenotype response of WT, idd3 mutants and IDD3 overexpressors. D, Percentage of lesion area in WT, idd3mutants and IDD3 overexpressors.Data represent Mean ± SE (n = 3 in B, and n > 10 in D). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.
Fig. 5. Response of IDD3 repressors to sheath blight. A, Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of IDD3 in wild type (WT) and IDD3 repressors (#1, #2, #3, #4 and #5). The leaves from one-month-old plants were used for RNA extraction using the TRIzol. Ubiquitin was used as the reference gene to normalize gene expression level.B, Phenotype response of IDD3 repressors (#1 and #3) to R. solani AG1-IA compared with WT. C, Percentage of lesion area in the IDD3 repressors (#1 and #3) compared with WT. Data represent Mean ± SE (n = 3 in A, and n > 10 in C). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.
Fig. 6. Regulatory role of IDD3 and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling in rice defense to sheath blight (ShB). A, Quantitative real-time PCR was done to analyze BRI1, D2 and D11 expression in wild type (WT), idd3 mutants (idd3-1 and idd3-2) and IDD3 overexpressors (IDD3 OX1 and IDD3 OX2). The leaves from one-month-old plants were used for RNA extraction using the TRIzol. Ubiquitin was used as the reference gene to normalize gene expression level.B, Schematic diagram of 1.0 kb of D2 and D11 promoters. D2P and D11P indicate the regions detected in the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay (C). C, ChIP-PCR was done to analyze the binding affinity of IDD3 to D2P and D11P regions shown in (B). The anti-GFP antibody was used for immunoprecipitation. D, Phenotype response of BRI1, d61-1, IDD3 OX and IDD3 OX/d61-1 to R. solani AG1-IA compared with WT. E, Percentage of the lesion area in BRI1, d61-1, IDD3 OX and IDD3 OX/d61-1 compared with WT. Data represent Mean ± SE (n = 3 in A and C, and n > 10 in E). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.
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