Rice Science ›› 2021, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 511-520.DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.07.011
• Research Paper • Previous Articles
Qina Huang1, Yinliang Wu2, Guosheng Shao1()
Received:
2020-08-02
Accepted:
2020-11-17
Online:
2021-09-28
Published:
2021-09-28
Qina Huang, Yinliang Wu, Guosheng Shao. Root Aeration Promotes Cadmium Accumulation in Rice by Regulating Iron Uptake-Associated System[J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(5): 511-520.
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Genotype | Cd (µmol/L) | Aeration | Plant height (cm) | Root length (cm) | Shoot dry weight (g) | Root dry weight (g) | Root vigor (mg/g) |
EJN1 | 0 | Non | 64.70 ± 2.74 ab | 27.64 ± 0.96 bc | 7.43 ± 1.49 a | 0.89 ± 0.16 b | 384.08 ± 43.07 b |
O2 | 67.66 ± 1.29 a | 31.98 ± 3.42 a | 7.96 ± 0.65 a | 1.16 ± 0.18 a | 505.69 ± 37.38 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 62.86 ± 3.64 bc | 22.34 ± 1.54 d | 6.64 ± 0.30 a | 0.86 ± 0.02 bc | 318.64 ± 14.27 c | |
O2 | 55.64 ± 2.16 d | 28.58 ± 4.01 b | 4.51 ± 0.37 b | 0.68 ± 0.12 cd | 384.39 ± 23.91 b | ||
FP36 | 0 | Non | 59.64 ± 2.57 c | 21.60 ± 0.54 d | 4.75 ± 0.94 b | 0.74 ± 0.11 bcd | 179.41 ± 1.04 e |
O2 | 59.80 ± 3.58 c | 28.12 ± 3.04 b | 4.23 ± 0.23 bc | 0.69 ± 0.03 cd | 302.02 ± 19.81 c | ||
1.0 | Non | 47.90 ± 3.45 e | 21.50 ± 0.72 d | 3.88 ± 0.35 bc | 0.63 ± 0.09 d | 123.55 ± 8.66 f | |
O2 | 43.40 ± 1.45 f | 24.60 ± 2.44 cd | 3.13 ± 0.25 c | 0.63 ± 0.06 d | 246.54 ± 27.85 d |
Table 1 Agronomic characteristics of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36) at 20 d after two Cd treatments under aeration (O2) and nonaeration (Non) conditions.
Genotype | Cd (µmol/L) | Aeration | Plant height (cm) | Root length (cm) | Shoot dry weight (g) | Root dry weight (g) | Root vigor (mg/g) |
EJN1 | 0 | Non | 64.70 ± 2.74 ab | 27.64 ± 0.96 bc | 7.43 ± 1.49 a | 0.89 ± 0.16 b | 384.08 ± 43.07 b |
O2 | 67.66 ± 1.29 a | 31.98 ± 3.42 a | 7.96 ± 0.65 a | 1.16 ± 0.18 a | 505.69 ± 37.38 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 62.86 ± 3.64 bc | 22.34 ± 1.54 d | 6.64 ± 0.30 a | 0.86 ± 0.02 bc | 318.64 ± 14.27 c | |
O2 | 55.64 ± 2.16 d | 28.58 ± 4.01 b | 4.51 ± 0.37 b | 0.68 ± 0.12 cd | 384.39 ± 23.91 b | ||
FP36 | 0 | Non | 59.64 ± 2.57 c | 21.60 ± 0.54 d | 4.75 ± 0.94 b | 0.74 ± 0.11 bcd | 179.41 ± 1.04 e |
O2 | 59.80 ± 3.58 c | 28.12 ± 3.04 b | 4.23 ± 0.23 bc | 0.69 ± 0.03 cd | 302.02 ± 19.81 c | ||
1.0 | Non | 47.90 ± 3.45 e | 21.50 ± 0.72 d | 3.88 ± 0.35 bc | 0.63 ± 0.09 d | 123.55 ± 8.66 f | |
O2 | 43.40 ± 1.45 f | 24.60 ± 2.44 cd | 3.13 ± 0.25 c | 0.63 ± 0.06 d | 246.54 ± 27.85 d |
Genotype | Cd (µmol/L) | Aeration | Plant height (cm) | Root length (cm) | Shoot dry weight (g) | Root dry weight (g) | Root vigor [mg/(g·h)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EJN1 | 0 | Non | 54.67 ± 2.52 b | 11.03 ± 0.97 d | 4.18 ± 0.36 a | 0.44 ± 0.04 cd | 315.73 ± 20.70 cd |
O2 | 58.58 ± 1.28 a | 15.38 ± 1.62 b | 3.47 ± 0.35 b | 0.58 ± 0.02 b | 513.25 ± 36.27 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 52.28 ± 2.21 c | 10.77 ± 1.53 d | 3.86 ± 0.10 ab | 0.48 ± 0.04 c | 271.24 ± 15.50 e | |
O2 | 50.23 ± 1.30 | 12.15 ± 1.13 cd | 3.95 ± 0.34 a | 0.65 ± 0.06 a | 407.12 ± 7.44 b | ||
FP36 | 0 | Non | 47.12 ± 3.09 d | 16.48 ± 0.76 b | 2.88 ± 0.29 c | 0.45 ± 0.03 cd | 155.62 ± 14.50 f |
O2 | 51.93 ± 0.90 c | 18.13 ± 1.12 a | 2.08 ± 0.26 d | 0.39 ± 0.04 de | 323.80 ± 15.45 c | ||
1.0 | Non | 44.48 ± 1.53 e | 13.48 ± 1.46 c | 2.74 ± 0.22 c | 0.37 ± 0.04 e | 124.95 ± 18.85 f | |
O2 | 39.17 ± 1.28 f | 16.87 ± 0.98 ab | 2.55 ± 0.19 c | 0.36 ± 0.04 e | 281.82 ± 18.85 de |
Table S1 Agronomic characteristics of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36) after 10 d of different Cd stress and aeration treatments.
Genotype | Cd (µmol/L) | Aeration | Plant height (cm) | Root length (cm) | Shoot dry weight (g) | Root dry weight (g) | Root vigor [mg/(g·h)] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EJN1 | 0 | Non | 54.67 ± 2.52 b | 11.03 ± 0.97 d | 4.18 ± 0.36 a | 0.44 ± 0.04 cd | 315.73 ± 20.70 cd |
O2 | 58.58 ± 1.28 a | 15.38 ± 1.62 b | 3.47 ± 0.35 b | 0.58 ± 0.02 b | 513.25 ± 36.27 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 52.28 ± 2.21 c | 10.77 ± 1.53 d | 3.86 ± 0.10 ab | 0.48 ± 0.04 c | 271.24 ± 15.50 e | |
O2 | 50.23 ± 1.30 | 12.15 ± 1.13 cd | 3.95 ± 0.34 a | 0.65 ± 0.06 a | 407.12 ± 7.44 b | ||
FP36 | 0 | Non | 47.12 ± 3.09 d | 16.48 ± 0.76 b | 2.88 ± 0.29 c | 0.45 ± 0.03 cd | 155.62 ± 14.50 f |
O2 | 51.93 ± 0.90 c | 18.13 ± 1.12 a | 2.08 ± 0.26 d | 0.39 ± 0.04 de | 323.80 ± 15.45 c | ||
1.0 | Non | 44.48 ± 1.53 e | 13.48 ± 1.46 c | 2.74 ± 0.22 c | 0.37 ± 0.04 e | 124.95 ± 18.85 f | |
O2 | 39.17 ± 1.28 f | 16.87 ± 0.98 ab | 2.55 ± 0.19 c | 0.36 ± 0.04 e | 281.82 ± 18.85 de |
Genotype | Cd (µmol/L) | Aeration | 10 d | 20 d | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorophyll a | Chlorophyll b | Carotenoid | Chl a/b | Chlorophyll a | Chlorophyll b | Carotenoid | Chl a/b | |||
EJN1 | 0 | Non | 2.44 ± 0.58 b | 0.68 ± 0.17 c | 0.50 ± 0.11 b | 3.58 ± 0.03 a | 3.35 ± 0.36 abc | 1.15 ± 0.11 a | 0.60 ± 0.16 ab | 2.95 ± 0.59 a |
O2 | 2.93 ± 0.21 b | 0.83 ± 0.06 c | 0.59 ± 0.04 b | 3.51 ± 0.01 a | 3.03 ± 0.22 d | 1.05 ± 0.35 a | 0.53 ± 0.15 b | 3.06 ± 0.87 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 2.48 ± 0.91 b | 0.71 ± 0.25 c | 0.50 ± 0.17 b | 3.51 ± 0.05 a | 3.64 ± 0.25 a | 1.09 ± 0.08 a | 0.71 ± 0.05 a | 3.34 ± 0.10 a | |
O2 | 2.57 ± 0.26 b | 0.73 ± 0.05 c | 0.52 ± 0.06 b | 3.52 ± 0.11 a | 3.59 ± 0.35 ab | 1.07 ± 0.19 a | 0.70 ± 0.02 a | 3.38 ± 0.26 a | ||
FP36 | 0 | Non | 4.02 ± 0.42 a | 1.22 ± 0.17 b | 0.80 ± 0.06 a | 3.31 ± 0.10 b | 3.34 ± 0.21 abcd | 0.95 ± 0.07 a | 0.72 ± 0.03 a | 3.51 ± 0.04 a |
O2 | 4.05 ± 0.13 a | 1.20 ± 0.05 b | 0.82 ± 0.03 a | 3.39 ± 0.03 b | 3.33 ± 0.28 bcd | 0.98 ± 0.11 a | 0.69 ± 0.03 a | 3.41 ± 0.09 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 4.01 ± 0.66 a | 1.23 ± 0.25 b | 0.80 ± 0.11 a | 3.27 ± 0.12 b | 3.19 ± 0.30 cd | 0.92 ± 0.10 a | 0.67 ± 0.04 a | 3.46 ± 0.05 a | |
O2 | 4.81 ± 0.06 a | 1.57 ± 0.02 a | 0.93 ± 0.03 a | 3.07 ± 0.01 c | 3.04 ± 0.10 cd | 0.87 ± 0.04 a | 0.65 ± 0.02 ab | 3.52 ± 0.06 a |
Table S2 Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and chlorophyll a/b of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36) after 10 d and 20 d of different treatments.
Genotype | Cd (µmol/L) | Aeration | 10 d | 20 d | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorophyll a | Chlorophyll b | Carotenoid | Chl a/b | Chlorophyll a | Chlorophyll b | Carotenoid | Chl a/b | |||
EJN1 | 0 | Non | 2.44 ± 0.58 b | 0.68 ± 0.17 c | 0.50 ± 0.11 b | 3.58 ± 0.03 a | 3.35 ± 0.36 abc | 1.15 ± 0.11 a | 0.60 ± 0.16 ab | 2.95 ± 0.59 a |
O2 | 2.93 ± 0.21 b | 0.83 ± 0.06 c | 0.59 ± 0.04 b | 3.51 ± 0.01 a | 3.03 ± 0.22 d | 1.05 ± 0.35 a | 0.53 ± 0.15 b | 3.06 ± 0.87 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 2.48 ± 0.91 b | 0.71 ± 0.25 c | 0.50 ± 0.17 b | 3.51 ± 0.05 a | 3.64 ± 0.25 a | 1.09 ± 0.08 a | 0.71 ± 0.05 a | 3.34 ± 0.10 a | |
O2 | 2.57 ± 0.26 b | 0.73 ± 0.05 c | 0.52 ± 0.06 b | 3.52 ± 0.11 a | 3.59 ± 0.35 ab | 1.07 ± 0.19 a | 0.70 ± 0.02 a | 3.38 ± 0.26 a | ||
FP36 | 0 | Non | 4.02 ± 0.42 a | 1.22 ± 0.17 b | 0.80 ± 0.06 a | 3.31 ± 0.10 b | 3.34 ± 0.21 abcd | 0.95 ± 0.07 a | 0.72 ± 0.03 a | 3.51 ± 0.04 a |
O2 | 4.05 ± 0.13 a | 1.20 ± 0.05 b | 0.82 ± 0.03 a | 3.39 ± 0.03 b | 3.33 ± 0.28 bcd | 0.98 ± 0.11 a | 0.69 ± 0.03 a | 3.41 ± 0.09 a | ||
1.0 | Non | 4.01 ± 0.66 a | 1.23 ± 0.25 b | 0.80 ± 0.11 a | 3.27 ± 0.12 b | 3.19 ± 0.30 cd | 0.92 ± 0.10 a | 0.67 ± 0.04 a | 3.46 ± 0.05 a | |
O2 | 4.81 ± 0.06 a | 1.57 ± 0.02 a | 0.93 ± 0.03 a | 3.07 ± 0.01 c | 3.04 ± 0.10 cd | 0.87 ± 0.04 a | 0.65 ± 0.02 ab | 3.52 ± 0.06 a |
Fig. 1. Cd and Fe contents in roots and shoots of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36) at 20 d after two Cd treatments (0, 1.0 µmol/L) under aeration (O2) and nonaeration (Non) conditions.Data are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters above the error bars indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) among different treatments.
Fig. S2. Acid-/Res-Cd (A-D) and Acid-/Res-Fe (E-H) contents in Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36).With two Cd treatments (0 and 1.0 µmol/L), and aeration (O2) and nonaeration (Non) conditions. Data were Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters above the error bars indicated significant difference (P < 0.05) among different treatments.
Fig. 2. Activities of antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36) at 20 d after two Cd treatments (0, 1.0 µmol/L) under aeration (O2) and nonaeration (Non) conditions. SOD, Superoxide dismutase; POD, Peroxidase; CAT, Catalase; APX, Ascorbate peroxidase.Data are Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different lowercase letters above the error bars indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) among different treatments.
Fig. S3. Contents of soluble protein, malonaldehyde (MOA) and nicotianamine (NT) in roots (A, C and E) and in leaves(B, D and F).With two Cd treatments (0 and 1.0 µmol/L), and aeration (O2) and nonaeration (Non) conditions. Data were Mean ± SE (n = 3). Different letters above the error bars indicated significant difference (P < 0.05) among different treatments.
Fig. 3. Expression of Fe-inducible genes (with the housekeeping gene OsActin as the internal control) in roots of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36) at 20 d after two Cd treatments (Cd0, 0 µmol/L; Cd1, 1.0 µmol/L) under aeration (O2) and nonaeration conditions.The relative expression values were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Data are Mean ± SE (n = 3). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.
Fig. S4. Expression of genes in the roots of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36).With two Cd treatments (Cd0, 0 µmol/L; Cd1, 1.0 µmol/L), and aeration (O2) and nonaeration conditions. Data were Mean ± SE (n = 3). *, Significance at P < 0.05 ; **, Highly significance at P < 0.01.
Fig. S5. Contents of Zn and Mn in the roots and shoots of Erjiunan 1 (EJN1) and Fupin 36 (FP36).With two Cd treatments (0 and 1.0 µmol/L, supplied by CdSO4), and aeration (O2) and nonaeration (Non) conditions. Data were Mean ±SE (n = 3). Different letters above the error bars indicated significant difference (P < 0.05) among different treatments.
Fig. 4. Model outlining of aeration promotes Cd accumulation due to Fe reduction in rice.The yellow box represents the Cd-absorb/transport genes, the blue box represents the Fe-uptake/transport genes, and the grey box represents the Mn/Zn-transport genes.
Gene | Former primer (5'-3') | Reverse primer (5'-3') |
---|---|---|
OsNRAMP1 | GTGATTGCTTCCGATATTCCA | CAACCTCCAGTTTCCTTACCC |
OsNRAMP5 | CAGCAGCAGTAAGAGCAAGATGG | GGGAGGTCGTTGTGGATGAGC |
OsHMA2 | AATCAGGCAAGGTTGGAGGC | CAGCGACACGACCAGAAGAAG |
OsHMA3 | AGCCTCCAAGAAGCCAACTG | CAACATTTGGCAACGACGG |
OsIRT1 | CGATGTGCTTCCACCAGATG | GCGTCGTGGTGGAGAAGAAG |
OsYSL15 | AGCAGGGCTCACGGACATCA | TGCTTCACCAGGGTGCCAAC |
OsNAS3 | TGGAGCACCTCGGGAAGCAC | GCGCGATGATGACGGAGTTG |
OsYSL6 | CGATGGCTATGGCTGTCCC | CTCAGATTCCTTGCGGTTCAC |
OsMTP8-1 | CTGGTAACAAGATAGTCCGTGCC | TGCACCAACTGGGTCAATCC |
OsMTP9 | GAGGAAGAGTTGAGGCAAATGG | TCCAGTAGGGAGTCCAGTGTCG |
OsActin | AGGAAGGCTGGAAGAGGACC | CGGGAAATTGTGAGGGACAT |
Table S3 Primer sequences of genes for qRT-PCR.
Gene | Former primer (5'-3') | Reverse primer (5'-3') |
---|---|---|
OsNRAMP1 | GTGATTGCTTCCGATATTCCA | CAACCTCCAGTTTCCTTACCC |
OsNRAMP5 | CAGCAGCAGTAAGAGCAAGATGG | GGGAGGTCGTTGTGGATGAGC |
OsHMA2 | AATCAGGCAAGGTTGGAGGC | CAGCGACACGACCAGAAGAAG |
OsHMA3 | AGCCTCCAAGAAGCCAACTG | CAACATTTGGCAACGACGG |
OsIRT1 | CGATGTGCTTCCACCAGATG | GCGTCGTGGTGGAGAAGAAG |
OsYSL15 | AGCAGGGCTCACGGACATCA | TGCTTCACCAGGGTGCCAAC |
OsNAS3 | TGGAGCACCTCGGGAAGCAC | GCGCGATGATGACGGAGTTG |
OsYSL6 | CGATGGCTATGGCTGTCCC | CTCAGATTCCTTGCGGTTCAC |
OsMTP8-1 | CTGGTAACAAGATAGTCCGTGCC | TGCACCAACTGGGTCAATCC |
OsMTP9 | GAGGAAGAGTTGAGGCAAATGG | TCCAGTAGGGAGTCCAGTGTCG |
OsActin | AGGAAGGCTGGAAGAGGACC | CGGGAAATTGTGAGGGACAT |
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