Photosynthesis, Metabolite Composition and Anatomical Structure of Oryza sativa and Two Wild Relatives, O. grandiglumis and O. alta

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2017.04.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Photosynthesis, enzyme activities and metabolite pools associated with primary carbon metabolism in leaves were studied in O. grandiglumis and O. alta (wild relatives of rice which produce high biomass) versus O. sativa (a japonica cultivar and a indica-japonica hybrid) to assess their potential for identifying traits which might be utilized to enhance rice productivity. The wild relatives had higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, and higher water use efficiency than the O. sativa lines. There were no striking differences in activities of a number of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the wild relatives and cultivated rice lines. Along with higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, the leaves of the two wild species had higher nitrate content, higher levels of starch, glucose and fructose, and higher levels of organic acids (malate, succinate and acetate), compared to the O. sativa lines. The results suggested that O. grandiglumis and O. alta have differences in physiology and primary metabolism which might be exploited to improve growth and productivity of cultivated rice.

Key words: carbohydrate, photosynthesis rate, nitrogen assimilation, metabolite composition, leaf, rice, wild relative

Sung Jwakyung, Lee Suyeon, Chung Jong-Wook, Edwards Gerald, Ryu Hojin, Kim Taewan. Photosynthesis, Metabolite Composition and Anatomical Structure of Oryza sativa and Two Wild Relatives, O. grandiglumis and O. alta[J]. Rice Science, 2017, 24(4): 218-227.

Figures/Tables 8

References 38

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Species	Leaf length (cm)	Leaf width (cm)	SLA (mg/cm²)
O. grandiglumis	60.2 b	3.5 b	8.7 b
O. alta	67.8 a	4.1 b	9.8 ab
O. sativa (japonica)	32.9 c	0.7 c	10.6 a
O. sativa	29.8 c	0.8 c	10.6 a
(japonica × indica)	29.8 c	0.8 c	10.6 a

Species	Leaf length (cm)	Leaf width (cm)	SLA (mg/cm²)
O. grandiglumis	60.2 b	3.5 b	8.7 b
O. alta	67.8 a	4.1 b	9.8 ab
O. sativa (japonica)	32.9 c	0.7 c	10.6 a
O. sativa	29.8 c	0.8 c	10.6 a
(japonica × indica)	29.8 c	0.8 c	10.6 a

Species	Intracellular CO₂ (μmol/mol)	A [μmol/(m²∙s)]	g_s [μmol/(m²∙s)]	E [mmol/(m²∙s)]	A/E (μmol/mmol)
O. grandiglumis	191 ± 14 c	21.6 ± 1.1 ns	0.14 ± 0.01 b	7.7 ± 0.5 c	2.82 ± 0.17 a
O. alta	217 ± 4 b	22.7 ± 1.2 ns	0.20 ± 0.02 a	10.3 ± 0.7 b	2.20 ± 0.08 b
O. sativa (japonica)	238 ± 14 a	21.7 ± 1.4 ns	0.22 ± 0.02 a	11.7 ± 0.6 a	1.85 ± 0.11 c
O. sativa (japonica × indica)	233 ± 10 a	21.3 ± 1.0 ns	0.20 ± 0.02 a	11.3 ± 0.9 ab	1.89 ± 0.11 c

Species	Intracellular CO₂ (μmol/mol)	A [μmol/(m²∙s)]	g_s [μmol/(m²∙s)]	E [mmol/(m²∙s)]	A/E (μmol/mmol)
O. grandiglumis	191 ± 14 c	21.6 ± 1.1 ns	0.14 ± 0.01 b	7.7 ± 0.5 c	2.82 ± 0.17 a
O. alta	217 ± 4 b	22.7 ± 1.2 ns	0.20 ± 0.02 a	10.3 ± 0.7 b	2.20 ± 0.08 b
O. sativa (japonica)	238 ± 14 a	21.7 ± 1.4 ns	0.22 ± 0.02 a	11.7 ± 0.6 a	1.85 ± 0.11 c
O. sativa (japonica × indica)	233 ± 10 a	21.3 ± 1.0 ns	0.20 ± 0.02 a	11.3 ± 0.9 ab	1.89 ± 0.11 c

Species	Rubisco	Catalase	Chlorophyll content (mg/g)			Carbohydrate content
	[μmol/(g∙min)]	[μmol/(g∙min)]	Chlorophyll a	Chlorophyll b	Total chlorophyll	Glucose	Fructose	Sucrose	Starch
			Chlorophyll a	Chlorophyll b	Total chlorophyll	(μmol/g)	(μmol/g)	(μmol/g)	(mg/g)
O. grandiglumis	6.0 ± 1.1 ns	396 ± 29 b	3.51 ± 0.15 a	1.09 ± 0.06 a	4.60 ± 0.21 a	9.13 ± 1.52 a	5.58 ± 0.75 a	86.1 ± 5.2 a	56.0 ± 7.8 b
O. alta	7.2 ± 1.4 ns	202 ± 9 c	1.48 ± 0.34 b	0.54 ± 0.12 c	2.02 ± 0.46 c	3.65 ± 0.82 b	2.82 ± 0.76 b	33.4 ± 4.9 c	71.5 ± 3.5 a
O. sativa (japonica)	4.4 ± 1.0 ns	385 ± 19 b	2.94 ± 0.22 a	0.86 ± 0.08 b	3.80 ± 0.30 b	1.21 ± 0.18 c	0.86 ± 0.15 c	54.3 ± 6.3 b	27.5 ± 3.3 c
O. sativa	7.4 ± 2.0 ns	459 ± 32 a	3.12 ± 0.16 a	1.02 ± 0.08 ab	4.14 ± 0.23 ab	1.79 ± 0.40 c	1.20 ± 0.24 c	39.8 ± 4.2 c	25.0 ± 1.7 c
(japonica × indica)	7.4 ± 2.0 ns	459 ± 32 a	3.12 ± 0.16 a	1.02 ± 0.08 ab	4.14 ± 0.23 ab	1.79 ± 0.40 c	1.20 ± 0.24 c	39.8 ± 4.2 c	25.0 ± 1.7 c