Relationship Between Allelopathic Effects and Functional Traits of Different Allelopathic Potential Rice Accessions at Different Growth Stages

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2017.09.001

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, effects of temperature, light and their interactions on allelopathic effects and the functional traits specific leaf area (SLA) and stem mass fraction (SMF) of different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages were analyzed. The main results were as follows: Allelopathic responses to temperature and light varied with different allelopathic potential rice accessions at different growth stages. With the rise of temperature and the extension of photoperiod, allelopathic effect increased firstly and then decreased at 2-3 leaf stage, but increased constantly at the 4-5 and 7-8 leaf stages in strong allelopathic rice accessions [O. longistaminata, F₁ (O. longistaminata × RD23), F₂ (RL159 and RL169)]. Temperature had significant impact on allelopathic effect without considering light factors, but light showed little effect on rice allelopathy at the same temperature conditions. The greatest allelopathic effect was attained with moderate temperature and long photoperiod at 2-3 leaf stage in strong allelopathic rice accessions, but all the rice accessions showed weak allelopathic effects at the low temperature condition (15 ºC/10 ºC), and the influence of different factors on allelopathy followed a general trend as temperature > leaf stage > light, indicating that among the multiple factors impacting rice allelopathy, temperature was the main factor. Allelopathic characteristics of F₁ and F₂ to various temperature and light were similar to O. longistaminata, showing that allelopathic genes from wild rice can be expressed in its descendants. Temperature and light also had significant effects on SLA and SMF, and rice allelopathy was closely correlative to SLA in strong allelopathic rice accessions at the 4-5 and 7-8 leaf stages, but there was no correlation between rice allelopathy and SMF at different growth stages. These results suggested that rice adjust the relationship between allelopathy and SLA and adapt to the varied environments, and that high temperature and long photoperiod can enhance rice allelopathic activity.

Key words: rice, allelopathy, environment change, functional trait, specific leaf area, stem mass fraction, temperature-light interaction

Gaofeng Xu, Shicai Shen, Fudou Zhang, Yun Zhang, Hisashi Kato-Noguchi, Clements David Roy. Relationship Between Allelopathic Effects and Functional Traits of Different Allelopathic Potential Rice Accessions at Different Growth Stages[J]. Rice Science, 2018, 25(1): 32-41.

Figures/Tables 5

References 46

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Accession	Leaf	LP			MP			SP
	stage	LP			MP			SP			HT	MT	LT	HT	MT	LT	HT	MT	LT
	O. longistaminata	2-3	-0.51 Bh	-0.57 Bh	-0.07 Acde		-0.51 Bg	-0.58 Bg	-0.07 Abc		-0.50 Be	-0.53 Bf	-0.05 Aabc
5-6		-0.33 Ede	-0.26 Dcd	-0.08 Adef	-0.26 Dbcd	-0.17 Cb	-0.07 Abc	-0.16 BCcd	-0.13 Bbc	-0.06 Abc
7-8		-0.41 Efg	-0.38 DEf	-0.10 Af	-0.32 CDe	-0.30 Cde	-0.09 Ac	-0.23 Bd	-0.20 Bd	-0.08 Ac
RD23	2-3	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa
	5-6	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa
	7-8	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa
F₁	2-3	-0.44 Bg	-0.48 Bg	-0.06 Abcde	-0.45 Bf	-0.51 Bf	-0.06 Aabc	-0.43 Be	-0.46 Be	-0.05 Aabc
	5-6	-0.31 Dcde	-0.23 Cbc	-0.07 Acde	-0.23 Cbc	-0.18 Bb	-0.06 Aabc	-0.17 Bcd	-0.15 Bbcd	-0.05 Aabc
	7-8	-0.37 Eef	-0.34 Eef	-0.08 Adef	-0.28 Dcde	-0.26 CDcde	-0.07 Abc	-0.20 BCcd	-0.18 Bcd	-0.07 Abc
RL159	2-3	-0.47 Bgh	-0.51 Bg	-0.05 Aabc	-0.49 Bfg	-0.53 Bfg	-0.05 Aab	-0.45 Be	-0.50 Bef	-0.04 Aabc
	5-6	-0.32 Ede	-0.24 Dbc	-0.06 Abcde	-0.26 Dbcd	-0.15 Bb	-0.07 Abc	-0.19 Ccd	-0.16 BCbcd	-0.06 Abc
	7-8	-0.37 Eef	-0.35 DEef	-0.08 Adef	-0.31 Dde	-0.25 Ccd	-0.07 Abc	-0.21 BCd	-0.17 Bbcd	-0.06 Abc
RL169	2-3	-0.29 Ccd	-0.30 Cde	-0.04 Aab	-0.30 Cde	-0.32 Ce	-0.04 Aa	-0.24 Bd	-0.21 Bd	-0.04 Aabc
	5-6	-0.25 Dbc	-0.21 CDbc	-0.05 Aabc	-0.21 CDb	-0.20 CDbc	-0.05 Aab	-0.16 BCcd	-0.13 Bbc	-0.04 Aabc
	7-8	-0.22 Cb	-0.18 Cb	-0.04 Aab	-0.20 Cb	-0.18 Cb	-0.05 Aab	-0.11 Bbc	-0.10 Bb	-0.03 Aab
RL219	2-3	-0.08 Ba	-0.06 ABa	-0.06 ABbcde	-0.06 ABa	-0.06 ABa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aab	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aab
	5-6	-0.06 Aa	-0.05 Aa	-0.04 Aab	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aab	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab
	7-8	-0.06 Aa	-0.06 Aa	-0.05 Aabc	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aab	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab

Accession	Leaf	LP			MP			SP
	stage	LP			MP			SP			HT	MT	LT	HT	MT	LT	HT	MT	LT
	O. longistaminata	2-3	-0.51 Bh	-0.57 Bh	-0.07 Acde		-0.51 Bg	-0.58 Bg	-0.07 Abc		-0.50 Be	-0.53 Bf	-0.05 Aabc
5-6		-0.33 Ede	-0.26 Dcd	-0.08 Adef	-0.26 Dbcd	-0.17 Cb	-0.07 Abc	-0.16 BCcd	-0.13 Bbc	-0.06 Abc
7-8		-0.41 Efg	-0.38 DEf	-0.10 Af	-0.32 CDe	-0.30 Cde	-0.09 Ac	-0.23 Bd	-0.20 Bd	-0.08 Ac
RD23	2-3	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa
	5-6	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa
	7-8	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.02 Aa
F₁	2-3	-0.44 Bg	-0.48 Bg	-0.06 Abcde	-0.45 Bf	-0.51 Bf	-0.06 Aabc	-0.43 Be	-0.46 Be	-0.05 Aabc
	5-6	-0.31 Dcde	-0.23 Cbc	-0.07 Acde	-0.23 Cbc	-0.18 Bb	-0.06 Aabc	-0.17 Bcd	-0.15 Bbcd	-0.05 Aabc
	7-8	-0.37 Eef	-0.34 Eef	-0.08 Adef	-0.28 Dcde	-0.26 CDcde	-0.07 Abc	-0.20 BCcd	-0.18 Bcd	-0.07 Abc
RL159	2-3	-0.47 Bgh	-0.51 Bg	-0.05 Aabc	-0.49 Bfg	-0.53 Bfg	-0.05 Aab	-0.45 Be	-0.50 Bef	-0.04 Aabc
	5-6	-0.32 Ede	-0.24 Dbc	-0.06 Abcde	-0.26 Dbcd	-0.15 Bb	-0.07 Abc	-0.19 Ccd	-0.16 BCbcd	-0.06 Abc
	7-8	-0.37 Eef	-0.35 DEef	-0.08 Adef	-0.31 Dde	-0.25 Ccd	-0.07 Abc	-0.21 BCd	-0.17 Bbcd	-0.06 Abc
RL169	2-3	-0.29 Ccd	-0.30 Cde	-0.04 Aab	-0.30 Cde	-0.32 Ce	-0.04 Aa	-0.24 Bd	-0.21 Bd	-0.04 Aabc
	5-6	-0.25 Dbc	-0.21 CDbc	-0.05 Aabc	-0.21 CDb	-0.20 CDbc	-0.05 Aab	-0.16 BCcd	-0.13 Bbc	-0.04 Aabc
	7-8	-0.22 Cb	-0.18 Cb	-0.04 Aab	-0.20 Cb	-0.18 Cb	-0.05 Aab	-0.11 Bbc	-0.10 Bb	-0.03 Aab
RL219	2-3	-0.08 Ba	-0.06 ABa	-0.06 ABbcde	-0.06 ABa	-0.06 ABa	-0.04 Aa	-0.04 Aab	-0.04 Aa	-0.03 Aab
	5-6	-0.06 Aa	-0.05 Aa	-0.04 Aab	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aab	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab
	7-8	-0.06 Aa	-0.06 Aa	-0.05 Aabc	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aa	-0.05 Aab	-0.03 Aab	-0.03 Aa	-0.03 Aab

O. longistaminata	Light	2	0.1	0.05	33.249	0.0001
	Temperature	2	1.411	0.706	468.443	0.0001
	Leaf stage	2	0.613	0.306	203.376	0.0001
	Light × Temperature	4	0.03	0.008	5.046	0.0016
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.028	0.007	4.612	0.0028
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.375	0.094	62.178	0.0001
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.018	0.002	1.497	0.1801
RD23	Light	2	0.002	0.001	3.822	0.028
	Temperature	2	0.001	0	1.939	0.1537
	Leaf stage	2	0.001	0	1.606	0.2102
	Light × Temperature	4	0	0	0.064	0.9923
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.106	0.9801
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.247	0.9101
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0	0	0.135	0.9973
F₁	Light	2	0.066	0.033	30.301	0.0001
	Temperature	2	1.131	0.566	517.067	0.0001
	Leaf stage	2	0.397	0.199	181.639	0.0001
	Light × Temperature	4	0.022	0.006	5.032	0.0016
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.026	0.007	5.997	0.0005
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.247	0.062	56.43	0.0001
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.014	0.002	1.551	0.1618
RL159	Light	2	0.064	0.032	28.212	0.0001
	Temperature	2	1.308	0.654	573.287	0.0001
	Leaf stage	2	0.459	0.229	201.008	0.0001
	Light × Temperature	4	0.026	0.006	5.636	0.0007
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.03	0.007	6.477	0.0002
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.324	0.081	71.094	0.0001
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.018	0.002	1.939	0.0726
RL169	Light	2	0.059	0.03	40.951	0.0593
	Temperature	2	0.521	0.26	360.005	0.5209
	Leaf stage	2	0.077	0.039	53.36	0.0772
	Light × Temperature	4	0.024	0.006	8.135	0.0235
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.002	0.001	0.84	0.0024
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.044	0.011	15.207	0.044
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.004	0.001	0.622	0.0036
RL219	Light	2	0.009	0.004	15.109	0.0001
	Temperature	2	0.001	0.001	2.404	0.0999
	Leaf stage	2	0.001	0	1.413	0.2523
	Light × Temperature	4	0	0	0.239	0.915
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.304	0.8738
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.278	0.8908
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.001	0	0.304	0.9612

O. longistaminata	Light	2	0.1	0.05	33.249	0.0001
	Temperature	2	1.411	0.706	468.443	0.0001
	Leaf stage	2	0.613	0.306	203.376	0.0001
	Light × Temperature	4	0.03	0.008	5.046	0.0016
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.028	0.007	4.612	0.0028
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.375	0.094	62.178	0.0001
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.018	0.002	1.497	0.1801
RD23	Light	2	0.002	0.001	3.822	0.028
	Temperature	2	0.001	0	1.939	0.1537
	Leaf stage	2	0.001	0	1.606	0.2102
	Light × Temperature	4	0	0	0.064	0.9923
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.106	0.9801
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.247	0.9101
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0	0	0.135	0.9973
F₁	Light	2	0.066	0.033	30.301	0.0001
	Temperature	2	1.131	0.566	517.067	0.0001
	Leaf stage	2	0.397	0.199	181.639	0.0001
	Light × Temperature	4	0.022	0.006	5.032	0.0016
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.026	0.007	5.997	0.0005
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.247	0.062	56.43	0.0001
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.014	0.002	1.551	0.1618
RL159	Light	2	0.064	0.032	28.212	0.0001
	Temperature	2	1.308	0.654	573.287	0.0001
	Leaf stage	2	0.459	0.229	201.008	0.0001
	Light × Temperature	4	0.026	0.006	5.636	0.0007
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.03	0.007	6.477	0.0002
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.324	0.081	71.094	0.0001
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.018	0.002	1.939	0.0726
RL169	Light	2	0.059	0.03	40.951	0.0593
	Temperature	2	0.521	0.26	360.005	0.5209
	Leaf stage	2	0.077	0.039	53.36	0.0772
	Light × Temperature	4	0.024	0.006	8.135	0.0235
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0.002	0.001	0.84	0.0024
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0.044	0.011	15.207	0.044
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.004	0.001	0.622	0.0036
RL219	Light	2	0.009	0.004	15.109	0.0001
	Temperature	2	0.001	0.001	2.404	0.0999
	Leaf stage	2	0.001	0	1.413	0.2523
	Light × Temperature	4	0	0	0.239	0.915
	Light × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.304	0.8738
	Temperature × Leaf stage	4	0	0	0.278	0.8908
	Light × Temperature × Leaf stage	8	0.001	0	0.304	0.9612

Treatment		O. longistaminata	RD23	F₁	RL159	RL169	RL219
LP	HT	384.27 ± 11.91 ABd	352.81 ± 7.29 Bc	391.34 ± 10.70 Ac	395.54 ± 14.38 Ac	389.45 ± 9.24 Ac	361.81 ± 8.37 ABb
	MT	421.43 ± 13.84 ABCbcd	393.41 ± 9.16 BCab	427.86 ± 7.24 ABbc	432.33 ± 11.01 Aabc	419.74 ± 10.82 ABCabc	389.14 ± 9.28 Cab
	LT	456.29 ± 10.73 Aab	419.17 ± 8.42 ABa	441.71 ± 12.44 ABab	445.57 ± 9.11 ABab	443.07 ± 13.81 ABabc	417.32 ± 10.67 Ba
MP	HT	392.54 ± 17.93 Acd	369.64 ± 7.69 Abc	395.57 ± 11.28 Ac	404.94 ± 18.89 Abc	393.56 ± 13.89 Abc	378.13 ± 9.64 Ab
	MT	436.19 ± 15.48 Aabc	399.14 ± 10.55 Aab	438.52 ± 13.59 Aab	435.14 ± 12.46 Aabc	432.33 ± 12.60 Aabc	394.82 ± 13.04 Aab
	LT	451.76 ± 11.02 Aab	423.19 ± 11.60 Aa	465.15 ± 16.48 Aab	459.86 ± 13.21 Ab	455.84 ± 14.61 Aab	419.19 ± 13.78 Aa
SP	HT	466.43 ± 21.35 Aab	409.62 ± 12.83 Ba	468.13 ± 14.75 Aab	457.28 ± 18.15 ABc	451.88 ± 9.41 ABabc	416.78 ± 11.80 ABa
	MT	473.44 ± 16.56 Aa	415.69 ± 10.09 Ba	471.76 ± 15.90 Aab	470.56 ± 14.88 Aa	463.16 ± 14.25 Aa	417.39 ± 13.10 Ba
	LT	482.86 ± 15.12 Aa	417.62 ± 11.47 Ba	476.19 ± 14.17 Aa	475.53 ± 11.89 Aa	471.12 ± 15.24 Aa	421.03 ± 10.73 Ba