Drought Tolerance in Rice: Focus on Recent Mechanisms and Approaches

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2021.01.002

Abstract

Abstract:

Drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production, which results in huge economic losses. It is becoming a more serious issue with respect to the global climate change. Keeping in view of the current and forecasted global food demand, it has become essential to enhance the crop productivity on the drought-prone rainfed lands with priority. In order to achieve the production target from rainfed areas, there is a requirement of rice varieties with drought tolerance, and genetic improvement for drought tolerant should be a high priority theme of research in the future. Breeding for drought tolerant rice varieties is a thought-provoking task because of the complex nature and multigenic control of drought tolerant traits would be a major bottleneck for the current research. A great progress has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in rice. In this review, we highlighted the recent progresses in physiological, biochemical and molecular adaptation of rice to drought tolerance. A brief discussion on the molecular genetics and breeding approaches for drought tolerance in rice will be focused for the future crop improvement program for development of drought tolerant rice varieties.

Key words: drought stress, drought adaptation, rice, water deficit tolerance

Panda Debabrata, Sakambari Mishra Swati, Kumar Behera Prafulla. Drought Tolerance in Rice: Focus on Recent Mechanisms and Approaches[J]. Rice Science, 2021, 28(2): 119-132.

Figures/Tables 5

References 123

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QTL	Associated trait	Reference
qDTY1.1	Grain yield	Vikram et al, 2011; Ghimire et al, 2012
qDTY1.2	Grain yield	Sandhu et al, 2014
qDTY1.3	Grain yield	Sandhu et al, 2014
qDTY2.1	Grain yield	Venuprasad et al, 2009
qDTY2.2	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013; Palanog et al, 2014
qDTY2.3	Grain yield	Palanog et al, 2014; Sandhu et al, 2014
qDTHI2.3	Grain yield	Mishra et al, 2013
qDTY3.1	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2014
qDTY3.2	Grain yield	Vikram et al, 2011; Yadaw et al, 2013
qDTY4.1	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013
qDTY6.1	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2014
qDTY6.2	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2014
qDTY9.1	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013
qDTY9.1A	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2012
qDTY10.1	Grain yield	Vikram et al, 2011
qDTY10.2	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013
qDTY12.1	Grain yield	Bernier et al, 2007
qlr8.1	Leaf rolling	Lin et al, 2007
qLR9.1	Leaf rolling	Barik et al, 2019
qDLR8.1	Leaf rolling	Dixit et al, 2012
qLD9.1	Leaf drying	Barik et al, 2019
qLD12.1	Leaf drying	Barik et al, 2019
qHI9.1	Harvest index	Barik et al, 2019
qSF9.1	Spikelet fertility	Barik et al, 2019
qRWC9.1	Relative water content	Barik et al, 2019
qDTR8	Transpiration	Ramchander et al, 2016
qgy3.1	Panicle number	Lanceras et al, 2004
qPH1.1	Plant height	Trijatmiko et al, 2014
qHGW2.2	Flowering day	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qGy7	Panicle number, grain weight	Zhao et al, 2008
qPL-9	Panicle length	Liu et al, 2008
qDTY8.1	Grain number	Vikram et al, 2012
qSf6	Grain yield, harvest index, panicle fertility	Wang et al, 2013
qHGW1	Total dry matter yield	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qPNF3.1	Grain yield, harvest index	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qPDL1.2	Grain yield	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qPSS8.1	Days to heading, grain per panicle, panicle number	Trijatmiko et al, 2014

QTL	Associated trait	Reference
qDTY1.1	Grain yield	Vikram et al, 2011; Ghimire et al, 2012
qDTY1.2	Grain yield	Sandhu et al, 2014
qDTY1.3	Grain yield	Sandhu et al, 2014
qDTY2.1	Grain yield	Venuprasad et al, 2009
qDTY2.2	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013; Palanog et al, 2014
qDTY2.3	Grain yield	Palanog et al, 2014; Sandhu et al, 2014
qDTHI2.3	Grain yield	Mishra et al, 2013
qDTY3.1	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2014
qDTY3.2	Grain yield	Vikram et al, 2011; Yadaw et al, 2013
qDTY4.1	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013
qDTY6.1	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2014
qDTY6.2	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2014
qDTY9.1	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013
qDTY9.1A	Grain yield	Dixit et al, 2012
qDTY10.1	Grain yield	Vikram et al, 2011
qDTY10.2	Grain yield	Swamy et al, 2013
qDTY12.1	Grain yield	Bernier et al, 2007
qlr8.1	Leaf rolling	Lin et al, 2007
qLR9.1	Leaf rolling	Barik et al, 2019
qDLR8.1	Leaf rolling	Dixit et al, 2012
qLD9.1	Leaf drying	Barik et al, 2019
qLD12.1	Leaf drying	Barik et al, 2019
qHI9.1	Harvest index	Barik et al, 2019
qSF9.1	Spikelet fertility	Barik et al, 2019
qRWC9.1	Relative water content	Barik et al, 2019
qDTR8	Transpiration	Ramchander et al, 2016
qgy3.1	Panicle number	Lanceras et al, 2004
qPH1.1	Plant height	Trijatmiko et al, 2014
qHGW2.2	Flowering day	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qGy7	Panicle number, grain weight	Zhao et al, 2008
qPL-9	Panicle length	Liu et al, 2008
qDTY8.1	Grain number	Vikram et al, 2012
qSf6	Grain yield, harvest index, panicle fertility	Wang et al, 2013
qHGW1	Total dry matter yield	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qPNF3.1	Grain yield, harvest index	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qPDL1.2	Grain yield	Sellamuthu et al, 2015
qPSS8.1	Days to heading, grain per panicle, panicle number	Trijatmiko et al, 2014

Name	Function in drought tolerance in rice	Reference
DRO1	Induces root elongation and deeper rooting	Uga et al, 2013
EcNAC67	Increases relative water content, delays leaf rolling, higher root and shoot mass	Rahman et al, 2016
DsM1	Helps in reactive oxygen species scavenging, maintains drought tolerance at the seedling stage	Ning et al, 2010
OsPYL/RCAR5	Induces stomatal closure, regulates leaf fresh weight	Kim et al, 2014, 2020
OsDREB1F	Maintains ABA-dependent signaling pathway	Matsukura et al, 2010
OsDREB2B	Root length and number of root increment	Matsukura et al, 2010
CYP735A	Maintains cytokinin level	Maruyama et al, 2014
OsNAC5	Enhances root diameter and grain yield	Jeong et al, 2013
SNAC1	Enhances spikelet fertility	Hu et al, 2006
OsLEA3-1	Enhances grain yield	Xiao et al, 2007
OsbZIP23	Increases grain yield	Xiang et al, 2008
AP37	Enhances seed filling and grain weight	Oh et al, 2009
OsNAC10	Increases grain yield	Jeong et al, 2010
OsbZIP46	Increases grain yield	Tang et al, 2012
OsbZIP71	Enhances seed setting	Liu et al, 2014
OsWRKY47	Relatively low yield reduction	Raineri et al, 2015
EDT1/HDG11	Higher water use efficiency, accumulation of compatible osmolytes and higher antioxidant enzyme activity and enhanced photosynthesis	Yu et al, 2013
AtDREB1A	Osmolyte accumulation, chlorophyll maintenance, higher relative water content and reduced ion leakage	Ravikumar et al, 2014
OsMIOX	Higher reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activity and proline content	Duan et al, 2012
coda	Better yield, higher photosystem II activity, increased detoxification of reactive oxygen species	Kathuria et al, 2009
OsTPS1	Higher trehalose and proline accumulation	Li et al, 2011
TlOsm	Maintains growth, retains higher water content and membrane integrity and improves survival rate	Le et al, 2018
CDPK7	Regulatory proteins, signal transduction, protein kinases	Saijo et al, 2000
CIPK03/CIPK12	Regulatory proteins, signal transduction, protein kinases	Xiang et al, 2007
OsDREB1A/OsCOIN	Enhances drought stress tolerance by amplification of proline in rice	Liu et al, 2007
AtMYB60/AtMYB6	Regulates stomatal aperture and drought tolerance in plants	Cominelli et al, 2005
OsCPK9	Increases drought tolerance through enhanced stomatal closure and better osmoregulation in transgenics	Wei et al, 2014
OsITPK2	Reduces inositol triphosphate levels and genes related to osmoregulation and reactive oxygen species homeostasis	Du et al, 2011
OsNAC10	Increases tolerance to drought at vegetative stage, enlarges roots and improves grain yield	Jeong et al, 2013
OsDREB2A	Enhances survival of transgenic plants	Cui et al, 2011

Name	Function in drought tolerance in rice	Reference
DRO1	Induces root elongation and deeper rooting	Uga et al, 2013
EcNAC67	Increases relative water content, delays leaf rolling, higher root and shoot mass	Rahman et al, 2016
DsM1	Helps in reactive oxygen species scavenging, maintains drought tolerance at the seedling stage	Ning et al, 2010
OsPYL/RCAR5	Induces stomatal closure, regulates leaf fresh weight	Kim et al, 2014, 2020
OsDREB1F	Maintains ABA-dependent signaling pathway	Matsukura et al, 2010
OsDREB2B	Root length and number of root increment	Matsukura et al, 2010
CYP735A	Maintains cytokinin level	Maruyama et al, 2014
OsNAC5	Enhances root diameter and grain yield	Jeong et al, 2013
SNAC1	Enhances spikelet fertility	Hu et al, 2006
OsLEA3-1	Enhances grain yield	Xiao et al, 2007
OsbZIP23	Increases grain yield	Xiang et al, 2008
AP37	Enhances seed filling and grain weight	Oh et al, 2009
OsNAC10	Increases grain yield	Jeong et al, 2010
OsbZIP46	Increases grain yield	Tang et al, 2012
OsbZIP71	Enhances seed setting	Liu et al, 2014
OsWRKY47	Relatively low yield reduction	Raineri et al, 2015
EDT1/HDG11	Higher water use efficiency, accumulation of compatible osmolytes and higher antioxidant enzyme activity and enhanced photosynthesis	Yu et al, 2013
AtDREB1A	Osmolyte accumulation, chlorophyll maintenance, higher relative water content and reduced ion leakage	Ravikumar et al, 2014
OsMIOX	Higher reactive oxygen species scavenging enzyme activity and proline content	Duan et al, 2012
coda	Better yield, higher photosystem II activity, increased detoxification of reactive oxygen species	Kathuria et al, 2009
OsTPS1	Higher trehalose and proline accumulation	Li et al, 2011
TlOsm	Maintains growth, retains higher water content and membrane integrity and improves survival rate	Le et al, 2018
CDPK7	Regulatory proteins, signal transduction, protein kinases	Saijo et al, 2000
CIPK03/CIPK12	Regulatory proteins, signal transduction, protein kinases	Xiang et al, 2007
OsDREB1A/OsCOIN	Enhances drought stress tolerance by amplification of proline in rice	Liu et al, 2007
AtMYB60/AtMYB6	Regulates stomatal aperture and drought tolerance in plants	Cominelli et al, 2005
OsCPK9	Increases drought tolerance through enhanced stomatal closure and better osmoregulation in transgenics	Wei et al, 2014
OsITPK2	Reduces inositol triphosphate levels and genes related to osmoregulation and reactive oxygen species homeostasis	Du et al, 2011
OsNAC10	Increases tolerance to drought at vegetative stage, enlarges roots and improves grain yield	Jeong et al, 2013
OsDREB2A	Enhances survival of transgenic plants	Cui et al, 2011

MicroRNA	Transcriptional factor/gene	Associated function in rice	Reference
miR393	OsAUX1, OsTIR1	Tiller number increment, early flowering, hypersensitive to auxin	Xia et al, 2012
miR169	CBF/DREBs TFs	Regulates CBF/DREBS transcriptional factor and drought responses in rice	Zhao et al, 2007
miR396	OsGRF6	Regulates shape and architecture of inflorescence	Zhou et al, 2010
miR398	Cu/ZnSODs, CCS	SOD enzyme activity reduction leads to higher ROS production resulted in stomatal closure	Balyan et al, 2017
miR160	ARFs	Early auxin response	Upadhyaya and Panda, 2019
miR167	ARFs	Early auxin response	Upadhyaya and Panda, 2019
amiRNA	DST	Increases stomatal closure and declines stomatal density through ROS homeostatic genes	Faisal et al, 2017
Osa-miR169-3p	UDP-glucose-4-epimerase	Development of roots and cell wall biogenesis, metabolism of carbohydrates	Cheah et al, 2015
Osa-miR166e-3p	Alkaline neutral invertase	Root development, amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism	Cheah et al, 2015
miR531, miR827, miR8175, miR977, miR6300, miR1861, miR440, miR9773, miR3982 and miR1876	NAC, MYB, MYC, ARF	Drought stress tolerance in local landrace	Singh et al, 2020