Effects of Weak Light on Starch Accumulation and Starch Synthesis Enzyme Activities in Rice at the Grain Filling Stage

Abstract

Abstract: Dynamic changes of starch, amylose, sucrose contents and the activities of starch synthesis enzymes under shading treatments after flowering were studied using two rice varieties IR72 (indica) and Nipponbare (japonica) as materials. Under shading treatments, the starch,amylose and sucrose contents decreased, while ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPPase) activity only changed a little, soluble starch synthase activity and granule bound starch synthase activity decreased, soluble starch branching enzyme (SSBE, Q-enzyme) activity and granule bound starch branching enzyme (GBSBE, Q-enzyme) activity increased, and starch debranching enzyme (DBE, R-enzyme) activity varied with varieties. Correlation analyses showed that the changes of starch content were positively and significantly correlated with the changes of sucrose content in the weak light. Both ADPGPPase activity and SSBE activity were positively and significantly correlated with starch accumulation rate. It was implied that the decline of starch synthase activities was related to the decrease of starch content and the increase of the activity of starch branching enzyme played an important role in the decrease of the ratio of amylose to the total starch under the weak light.

Key words: weak light, starch content, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, starch debranching enzyme, rice

LI Tian , Ryu OHSUGI , Tohru YAMAGISHI , Haruto SASAKI . Effects of Weak Light on Starch Accumulation and Starch Synthesis Enzyme Activities in Rice at the Grain Filling Stage[J]. RICE SCIENCE, 2006, 13(1): 51-58 .

References

1 Douglas C D, Tsung M K, Frederick C F. Enzymes of sucrose and hexose metabolism in developing kernels of two inbreds of maize. Plant Physiol, 1988, 86: 1013-1019.
2 Keeling P L, Wood J R, Tyson R H. Starch biosynthesis in developing wheat grain. Plant Physiol, 1988, 87: 311-319.
3 Murata Y, Matsushima S. Rice. In: Evans L T. Crop Physiology. London, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1975: 75-99.
4 Yoshida S. Physiological aspects of grains yield. Ann Rev Plant Physiol, 1972, 23: 437-464.
5 Tsuneo K. Effect of the shading and rachis branch clipping on the grain filling process of rice cultivars differing in the grain. Japan J Crop Sci, 1986, 55(2): 252-260.
6 Borah R. Effect of light stress on chlorophyll starch, protein content and grain yield in rice. Indian J Plant Physiol, 1995, 38(4): 320-321.
7 Ren W J, Yang W Y, Xu J W, Fan G Q, Ma Z H. Effect of low light on grains growth and quality in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29(5): 785-790. (in Chinese with English abstract)
8 Cai K Z, Lao S M. Effect of shading on growth, development and yield formation of rice. China J Appl Ecol, 1999, 10(2): 193-196. (in Chinese with English abstract)
9 Guo Y H, Zhang L B, Xu Z J, Cao Y. Effect of covering panicle on yield, biomass accumulation and its partition in rice. J Shenyang Agric Univ, 2001, 32(5): 323-327. (in Chinese with English abstract)
10 Yang J C, Peng S B, Gu S L, Visperas R.M, Zhu Q S. Changes in activities of three enzymes associated with starch synthesis in rice grains during grain filling. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27(3): 157-164. (in Chinese with English abstract)
11 Cheng F M, Jiang D A, Wu P, Shi C H. The dynamic change of starch synthesis enzymes during the grain filling stage and effects of temperature upon it. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27(3): 201-206. (in Chinese with English abstract)
12 Jiang D, Yu Z W, Li Y G, Yu S L. Dynamic changes of enzyme activities involving in starch synthesis in superior and inferior grains of high-yield winter wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35(4): 378-383. (in Chinese with English abstract)
13 Zhong L J, Cheng F M. Varietal differences in amylose accumulation and activities of major enzymes associated with starch synthesis during grain filling in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29(5): 452-456. (in Chinese with English abstract)
14 Wang Z Q, Ye Y X, Yang J C, Yuan L M, Wang X M, Zhu Q S. Changes and regulations of sucrose synthase activity in rice grains during grain filling. Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30(7): 634-643. (in Chinese with English abstract)
15 Li T G, Shen B, Cheng N, Luo Y K. Effect of Q-enzyme on the chalkiness formation of rice grain. Acta Agron Sin, 1997, 23(5): 338-344. (in Chinese with English abstract)
16 Cheng F M, Zhu H J, Zhong L J, Sun Z X. Effect of temperature on rice starch biosynthesis metabolism at grain-filling stage of early indica rice. Agric Sci China, 2003, 2(5): 473-482.
17 Kato T. Change of sucrose synthase activity in developing endosperm of rice cultivars. Crop Sci, 1995, 35: 827-831
18 Nakamura Y, Yuki K, Park S Y, Ohya T. Carbohydrate metabolism in the developing endosperm of rice grains. Plant Cell & Physiol, 1989, 30(6): 833-839.
19 Akiko K, Naoko F, Kyuya H, Toshiaki M, Hikaru S, Yasunori N. The starch de-branching enzymes isoamylase and pullulanase are both involved in amylopectin biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Plant Physiol, 1999, 121: 399-409.
20 Umemoto T, Nakamura Y, Ishikura N. Activity of starch synthase and the amylose content in rice endosperm. Phytochemistry, 1995, 40(6): 1613-1616.
21 Mizuno K, Kimura K, Arai Y, Kawasaki T, Shimada H, Baba T. Starch branching enzymes from immature rice seeds. J Biochem, 1992, 112: 643-651.
22 Kumar R, Simgh R. The relationship of starch metabolism to grain size in wheat. Phytochemistry, 1980, 19: 2299-2302.
23 Doehlert D C, Kuo T M. Sugar metabolism in developing kernels of starch-deficient endosperm mutants of maize. Plant Physiol, 1990, 92: 990-994.
24 Doehlert D C, Lambert R J. Metabolic characteristics associated with starch, protein, and oil deposition in developing maize kernels. Crop Sci, 1991, 31: 151-157.
25 Doehlert D C. Sink strength: dynamic with source strength. Plant Cell Environ, 1993, 16: 1027-1028.
26 Zhao B H, Zhang W J, Chang E H, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Changes in activities of the key enzymes related to starch synthesis in rice grains during grain filling and their relationships with the filling rate and cooking quality. Sci Agric Sin, 2004, 37(8): 1123-1129. (in Chinese with English abstract)
27 Nakamura Y, Yuki K. Change in enzyme activities associated with carbohydrate metabolism during development of rice endosperm. Plant Sci, 1992, 82:15-20.
28 Umemoto T, Nakamura Y, Ishikura N. Effect of grain location on the panicle on activities involved in starch synthesis in rice endosperm. Phytochemistry, 1994, 36: 843-847.
29 Nakamura Y, Kubo A, Shimamune T, Matsuda T, Harada K, Satoh H. Correlation between activities of starch debranching enzyme and α-polyglucan structure in endosperms of sugary-1 mutants of rice. Plant J, 1997, 12:143-153.
30 Nakamura Y, Umemoto, Takahata Y, Komae K, Amano E, Satoh H. Changes in structure of starch and enzyme activities affected by sugary mutations in developing rice endosperm: Possible role of starch debranching enzyme (R-enzyme) in amylopectin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol, 1996, 97: 491-498.

[1]	Prathap V, Suresh KUMAR, Nand Lal MEENA, Chirag MAHESHWARI, Monika DALAL, Aruna TYAGI. Phosphorus Starvation Tolerance in Rice Through a Combined Physiological, Biochemical and Proteome Analysis [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 8-.
[2]	Serena REGGI, Elisabetta ONELLI, Alessandra MOSCATELLI, Nadia STROPPA, Matteo Dell’ANNO, Kiril PERFANOV, Luciana ROSSI. Seed-Specific Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I_Milano Dimer in Rice Engineered Lines [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 6-.
[3]	Sundus ZAFAR, XU Jianlong. Recent Advances to Enhance Nutritional Quality of Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 4-.
[4]	Kankunlanach KHAMPUANG, Nanthana CHAIWONG, Atilla YAZICI, Baris DEMIRER, Ismail CAKMAK, Chanakan PROM-U-THAI. Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 9-.
[5]	FAN Fengfeng, CAI Meng, LUO Xiong, LIU Manman, YUAN Huanran, CHENG Mingxing, Ayaz AHMAD, LI Nengwu, LI Shaoqing. Novel QTLs from Wild Rice Oryza longistaminata Confer Rice Strong Tolerance to High Temperature at Seedling Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 14-.
[6]	LIN Shaodan, YAO Yue, LI Jiayi, LI Xiaobin, MA Jie, WENG Haiyong, CHENG Zuxin, YE Dapeng. Application of UAV-Based Imaging and Deep Learning in Assessment of Rice Blast Resistance [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 10-.
[7]	Md. Forshed DEWAN, Md. AHIDUZZAMAN, Md. Nahidul ISLAM, Habibul Bari SHOZIB. Potential Benefits of Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Rice Grown in South and South-East Asia: A Review [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 5-.
[8]	Raja CHAKRABORTY, Pratap KALITA, Saikat SEN. Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Antihyperlipidemic and Cardiac Risk Preventive Effect of Chakhao Poireiton (A Pigmented Black Rice) in High-Fat High-Sugar induced Rats [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 11-.
[9]	LI Qianlong, FENG Qi, WANG Heqin, KANG Yunhai, ZHANG Conghe, DU Ming, ZHANG Yunhu, WANG Hui, CHEN Jinjie, HAN Bin, FANG Yu, WANG Ahong. Genome-Wide Dissection of Quan 9311A Breeding Process and Application Advantages [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 7-.
[10]	JI Dongling, XIAO Wenhui, SUN Zhiwei, LIU Lijun, GU Junfei, ZHANG Hao, Tom Matthew HARRISON, LIU Ke, WANG Zhiqin, WANG Weilu, YANG Jianchang. Translocation and Distribution of Carbon-Nitrogen in Relation to Rice Yield and Grain Quality as Affected by High Temperature at Early Panicle Initiation Stage [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(6): 12-.
[11]	Nazaratul Ashifa Abdullah Salim, Norlida Mat Daud, Julieta Griboff, Abdul Rahim Harun. Elemental Assessments in Paddy Soil for Geographical Traceability of Rice from Peninsular Malaysia [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 486-498.
[12]	Monica Ruffini Castiglione, Stefania Bottega, Carlo Sorce, Carmelina SpanÒ. Effects of Zinc Oxide Particles with Different Sizes on Root Development in Oryza sativa [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 449-458.
[13]	Tan Jingyi, Zhang Xiaobo, Shang Huihui, Li Panpan, Wang Zhonghao, Liao Xinwei, Xu Xia, Yang Shihua, Gong Junyi, Wu Jianli. ORYZA SATIVA SPOTTED-LEAF 41 (OsSPL41) Negatively Regulates Plant Immunity in Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 426-436.
[14]	Ammara Latif, Sun Ying, Pu Cuixia, Noman Ali. Rice Curled Its Leaves Either Adaxially or Abaxially to Combat Drought Stress [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 405-416.
[15]	Liu Qiao, Qiu Linlin, Hua Yangguang, Li Jing, Pang Bo, Zhai Yufeng, Wang Dekai. LHD3 Encoding a J-Domain Protein Controls Heading Date in Rice [J]. Rice Science, 2023, 30(5): 437-448.