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28 May 2021, Volume 28 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Letter

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Editing of Rice Endosperm Plastidial Phosphorylase Gene OsPho1 Advances Its Function in Starch Synthesis Song Liu, Gaoneng Shao, Guiai Jiao, Maodi Zhu, Jiamin Wu, Ruijie Cao, Yujuan Chen, Lihong Xie, Zhonghua Sheng, Shaoqing Tang 2021, 28(3): 209-211.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.10.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (551KB) ( )

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Valuation of Rice Postharvest Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Mitigation Strategies Atanga Ndindeng Sali, Candia Alphonse, Lamare Mapiemfu Delphine, Rakotomalala Vohangisoa, Danbaba Nahemiah, Kulwa Kurahisha, Houssou Paul, Mohammed Sow, M. Jarju Ousman, S. Coulibaly Salimata, A. Baidoo Elvis, Moreira Jean, Futakuchi Koichi 2021, 28(3): 212-216.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (647KB) ( )

Review

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Rice Bran Oil: Emerging Trends in Extraction, Health Benefit, and Its Industrial Application Punia Sneh, Kumar Manoj, Kumar Siroha Anil, Singh Purewal Sukhvinder 2021, 28(3): 217-232.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (748KB) ( )   Rice bran oil (RBO) is unique among edible vegetable oils because of its unique fatty acid composition, phenolic compound (γ-oryzanol, ferulic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienol). It has become a great choice of cooking oil because of its very high burning point, neutral taste and delicate flavour. Non-conventional methods of RBO extraction are more efficient and environmentally friendly than conventional extraction methods. Advances in RBO extraction using innovative extraction strategies like super/sub-critical CO2, microwave-assisted, subcritical H2O, enzyme-assisted aqueous and ultrasound- assisted aqueous extraction methods have proven to significantly improve the yields along with improved nutritional profile of RBO. The compositions and strategies for stabilization of RBO are well discussed. The constituents are present in the RBO contribute to antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti- diabetic and anti-cancerous properties to RBO. This has helped RBO to become an important substrate for the application in food (cooking oil, milk product and meat product) and non-food industries (polymer, lubricant, biofuel, structural lipid and cosmetic). This review provided comprehensive information on RBO extraction methods, oil stabilization, existing applications and health benefits.

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Combined Drought and Heat Stress in Rice: Responses, Phenotyping and Strategies to Improve Tolerance Vera Jesus Da Costa Maria, Ramegowda Yamunarani, Ramegowda Venkategowda, N. Karaba Nataraja, M. Sreeman Sheshshayee, Udayakumar Makarla 2021, 28(3): 233-242.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (740KB) ( )   Simultaneous occurrence of drought and heat stress will have significant negative impact on rice yield, especially under upland conditions. The projected increase in global temperatures and reduced precipitation will increase the frequency of occurrence and intensity of these stresses, threatening rice production. Despite recognizing the importance of combined stress in rice, the knowledge generated in this area is very limited. Though complex, understanding combined stress tolerance of rice under water saving cultivation is more critical towards development of climate resilient rice cultivars. Here, we summarized the effects of combined stress on rice physiology with more emphasis on reproductive stage. Omics responses, phenotyping and physiology challenges and potential strategies for improving combined stress tolerance in rice are also discussed.

Research Paper

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SB1 Encoding RING-Like Zinc-Finger Protein Regulates Branch Development as a Transcription Repressor Xiaoqin Zeng, Hui Zhuang, Qinglan Cheng, Jun Tang, Fayu Yang, Mingjiang Huang, Ziyi Wang, Zhongcheng Li, Honghui Zhu, Rui Chen, Guanghua He, Yunfeng Li 2021, 28(3): 243-256.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1691KB) ( )   Inflorescence structure of rice, including the number and length of branches, and the density of the spikelet, can greatly affect the number of grains per panicle, which is one of the key factors in yield compositions. Here we identified five allelic mutants sb1-1/2/3/4/5 that related to branch development of rice. In these mutants, the branch meristem fate was prolonged sharply, resulting in delay of transition from branches to spikelets, and then increased the numbers of branches and spikelets per panicle. SB1 encodes a nuclear RING-like domain protein of SHI/LRP/SRS family and strongly expressed in branch meristems. The results of protein interaction and chromatin immunoprecipitation further suggested that SB1 directly repressed the expression of DEP1, TAW1, MOC1 and IPA1 by interacting with a co-repressor complex to affect acetylation level of histone H3 on target regions. Thus, we proposed that SB1 is a transcription repressor of branch meristem activity by widely and negatively regulating a series of genes that maintain branch meristem fate.

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OsbZIP72 Is Involved in Transcriptional Gene-Regulation Pathway of Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction by Activating Rice High-Affinity Potassium Transporter OsHKT1;1 Baoxiang Wang, Yan Liu, Yifeng Wang, Jingfang Li, Zhiguang Sun, Ming Chi, Yungao Xing, Bo Xu, Bo Yang, Jian Li, Jinbo Liu, Tingmu Chen, Zhaowei Fang, Baiguan Lu, Dayong Xu, Kazeem Bello Babatunde 2021, 28(3): 257-267.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1107KB) ( )   We created CRISPR-Cas9 knock-out and overexpressing OsbZIP72 transgenic rice plants to gain a better understanding of the role and molecular mechanism of OsbZIP72 gene in stress tolerance, which has remained largely elusive. OsbZIP72 was expressed and integrated into rice transgenic plant genomes, and the OsbZIP72 transcript in overexpression lines was elicited by salinity, abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stresses. OsbZIP72 overexpressing plants showed higher tolerance to drought and salinity stresses, while knock-out transgenic lines showed higher sensitivity to these stresses. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from RNA-sequencing data encompassed several abiotic stress genes, and the functional classification of these DEGs demonstrated the robust transcriptome diversity in OsbZIP72. Yeast one-hybrid, along with luciferase assay, indicated that OsbZIP72 acted as a transcriptional initiator. Remarkably, electrophoresis mobility assay revealed that OsbZIP72 bound directly to the ABA- responsive element in the OsHKT1;1 promoter region and activated its transcription. Overall, our findings revealed that OsbZIP72 can act as a transcriptional modulator with the ability to induce the expression of OsHKT1;1 in response to environmental stress through an ABA-dependent regulatory pathway, indicating that OsbZIP72 can play a crucial role in the ABA-mediated salt and drought tolerance pathway in rice.

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Genomic Prediction of Arsenic Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice: Contribution of Trait-Specific Markers and Multi-Environment Models Ahmadi Nourollah, Cao Tuong-Vi, Frouin Julien, J. Norton Gareth, H. Price Adam 2021, 28(3): 268-278.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (595KB) ( )   Many rice-growing areas are affected by high concentrations of arsenic (As). Rice varieties that prevent As uptake and/or accumulation can mitigate As threats to human health. Genomic selection is known to facilitate rapid selection of superior genotypes for complex traits. We explored the predictive ability (PA) of genomic prediction with single-environment models, accounting or not for trait-specific markers, multi-environment models, and multi-trait and multi-environment models, using the genotypic (1600K SNPs) and phenotypic (grain As content, grain yield and days to flowering) data of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Under the base-line single-environment model, PA of up to 0.707 and 0.654 was obtained for grain yield and grain As content, respectively; the three prediction methods (Bayesian Lasso, genomic best linear unbiased prediction and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces) were considered to perform similarly, and marker selection based on linkage disequilibrium allowed to reduce the number of SNP to 17K, without negative effect on PA of genomic predictions. Single-environment models giving distinct weight to trait-specific markers in the genomic relationship matrix outperformed the base-line models up to 32%. Multi-environment models, accounting for genotype × environment interactions, and multi-trait and multi-environment models outperformed the base-line models by up to 47% and 61%, respectively. Among the multi-trait and multi-environment models, the Bayesian multi-output regressor stacking function obtained the highest predictive ability (0.831 for grain As) with much higher efficiency for computing time. These findings pave the way for breeding for As-tolerance in the progenies of biparental crosses involving members of the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel. Genomic prediction can also be applied to breeding for other complex traits under multiple environments.

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Evaluation of Inherited Resistance Genes of Bacterial Leaf Blight, Blast and Drought Tolerance in Improved Rice Lines Silas Akos Ibrahim, Y. Rafii Mohd, Razi Ismail Mohd, Izan Ramlee Shairul, Abd Aziz Shamsudin Noraziyah, Ramli Asfaliza, Chibuike Chukwu Samuel, Swaray Senesie, Jalloh Momodu 2021, 28(3): 279-288.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2020.08.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (623KB) ( )   Improved rice lines were developed frome three parents with the resistance or tolerance to bacterial leaf blight, blast and drought stress, respectively, using single-, double- and three-way crosses. The improved lines were assessed for agro-morphological and yield traits under non-drought stress (NS) and reproductive-stage drought stress (RS) treatments. The mean comparison of traits measured between parent plants and progenies (improved lines) were similar, and there were significant and non-significant differences among the parents and improved lines (genotypes) under NS and RS. Smilarly, there was significant and non-significant differences in the interaction among both parent varieties and improved lines for NS and RS. Cluster and 3D-model of principal component analysis did not generate categorical clusters according to crossing methods, and there were no exclusive crossing method inclined variations under the treatments. The improved lines were high-yielding, disease resistant, and drought-tolerant compared with their parents. All the crossing methods were good for this crop improvement program without preference to any, despite the number of genes introgressed.

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Carbon Nanoparticle Exerts Positive Growth Effects with Increase in Productivity by Down-Regulating Phytochrome B and Enhancing Internal Temperature in Rice Panigrahy Madhusmita, Das Subhashree, Poli Yugandhar, Kumar Sahoo Pratap, Kumari Khushbu, C. S. Panigrahi Kishore 2021, 28(3): 289-300.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1450KB) ( )   The effects of carbon nanoparticle (CNP) on rice variety Swarna (MTU7029) were investigated. CNP induced effects similar to shade avoidance response (SAR) of Arabidopsis, with increase in shoot length, root length, root number, cotyledon area, chlorophyll content and total sugar content in rice seedlings. In mature plants, CNP treatment resulted increase in plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, normalized difference vegetation index, quantum yield and root growth. A total of 320 mg of CNP per plant administered in four doses resulted in improved grain traits such as filled grain rate, 100-grain weight, grain length/width ratio, hulling rate, milling rate and head rice recovery. Seeds from the CNP-treated plants showed increase in amylose, starch and soluble sugar contents compared to controls. Strikingly, CNP treatment showed an average of 17.5% increase in yield per plant. Upon investigation to the molecular mechanism behind CNP induction of SAR, a significant downregulation of phytochrome B transcript was found. Decrease in perception of red wavelengths led to responses similar to SAR. Increase in plant’s internal temperature by 0.5 ºC ± 0.1 ºC was recorded after CNP treatment. We suggest that the internalized CNP aggregates may serve to absorb extra photons thereby increasing the internal temperature of plants. Phytochrome B accounts the hike in internal temperature and initiates a feed-back reduction of its own transcription. We suggest that moderate SAR is beneficial for rice plants to improve agronomic traits and yield. It presents a potential non-transgenic method for improving rice yield by CNP treatment.

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Suberin Biopolymer in Rice Root Exodermis Reinforces Preformed Barrier Against Meloidogyne graminicola Infection Singh Divya, K. Dutta Tushar, N. Shivakumara Tagginahalli, Dash Manoranjan, Bollinedi Haritha, Rao Uma 2021, 28(3): 301-312.  DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.04.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (951KB) ( )   Exploration of novel genetic resources against root-knot nematode (RKN) is necessary to strengthen the resistance breeding program in cultivated rice, and investigations on the role of genotype-specific root anatomy in conferring a structural barrier against nematode invasion are largely underexplored. Here, we reported a highly-resistant rice germplasm Phule Radha that conferred remarkably lower RKN parasitic fitness in terms of reduced penetration and delayed development and reproduction when compared with susceptible cultivar PB1121. Using histological and biochemical analyses, we demonstrated that an enhanced suberin deposition in the exodermal root tip tissue of Phule Radha compared to PB1121 can effectively form a penetrative barrier against RKN infection, and this preformed barrier in the control tissue did not necessarily alter to a greater extent when challenged with RKN stress. Using qRT-PCR analysis, we showed that a number of suberin biosynthesis genes were greatly expressed in the exodermis of Phule Radha compared to PB1121. In sum, the present study established the role of rice exodermal barrier system in defense against an important soil-borne pathogen.