Influence of Seed Priming on Performance and Water Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice in Alternating Wetting and Drying

doi:10.1016/S1672-6308(14)60297-3

Abstract

Abstract:

Direct seeded rice is promising alternative to traditional transplanting, but requires appropriate crop and water management to maintain yield performance and achieve high water productivity. Present study evaluated the effect of seed priming and irrigation on crop establishment, tillering, agronomic traits, paddy yield, grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice in alternate wetting and drying (DSR-AWD) in comparison with direct seeded rice at field capacity (DSR-FC). Seed priming treatments were osmo-priming with KCl (2.2%), CaCl₂ (2.2%) and moringa leaf extracts (MLE, 3.3%) including hydro-priming as control. Among the treatments, seed osmo-primed with MLE emerged earlier and had higher final emergence, followed by osmo-priming with CaCl₂. Tillering emergence rate and number of tillers per plant were the highest for seed priming with CaCl₂in DSR-AWD. Total productive and non-productive tillers, panicle length, biological and grain yields, harvest index were highest for seed priming with MLE or CaCl₂ in DSR-AWD. Similarly, grain quality, estimated in terms of normal grains, abortive and chalky grains, was also the highest in DSR-AWD with MLE osmo-priming. Benefit cost ratio and water productivity was also the highest in DSR-AWD for seed priming with MLE. In conclusion, seed priming with MLE or CaCl₂ can be successfully employed to improve the direct seeded rice performance when practiced with alternate wetting and drying irrigation.

Key words: crop establishment, grain filling rate, seed priming, water productivity, yield, direct seeded rice, alternating wetting and drying, grain quality

Ur Rehman Hafeez, Kamran Muhammad, Maqsood Ahmed Basra Shahzad, Afzal Irfan, Farooq Muhammad. Influence of Seed Priming on Performance and Water Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice in Alternating Wetting and Drying[J]. Rice Science, 2015, 22(4): 189-196.

Figures/Tables 6

References 39

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39	(Managing Editor: Fang Hongmin)

Seed priming treatment	E₀(d)	E₅₀(d)	EI	FE	MET (d)
Hydro-priming	4.67 ab	4.30 b	161.46 b	205.00 d	10.84 a
Osmo-priming (KCl)	4.50 b	4.11 b	155.47 c	216.83 c	11.09 a
Osmo-priming (CaCl₂)	5.00 a	5.55 a	156.04 c	228.33 b	11.44 a
Osmo-priming (MLE)	4.33 b	2.86 c	215.47 a	314.00 a	9.42 b
LSD	0.47	0.45	2.75	2.83	0.70
Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. E₀, Time to start emergence; E₅₀, Time to 50% emergence; EI, Emergence index; FE, Final emergence, and FE is presented by number of seedlings per unit area; MET, Mean emergence time; LSD, Least significant difference.

Seed priming treatment	E₀(d)	E₅₀(d)	EI	FE	MET (d)
Hydro-priming	4.67 ab	4.30 b	161.46 b	205.00 d	10.84 a
Osmo-priming (KCl)	4.50 b	4.11 b	155.47 c	216.83 c	11.09 a
Osmo-priming (CaCl₂)	5.00 a	5.55 a	156.04 c	228.33 b	11.44 a
Osmo-priming (MLE)	4.33 b	2.86 c	215.47 a	314.00 a	9.42 b
LSD	0.47	0.45	2.75	2.83	0.70
Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. E₀, Time to start emergence; E₅₀, Time to 50% emergence; EI, Emergence index; FE, Final emergence, and FE is presented by number of seedlings per unit area; MET, Mean emergence time; LSD, Least significant difference.

Seed priming treatment	Plant height (cm)			No. of productive tillers per m²			No. of grains per panicle		Panicle length (cm)			Grain yield (t/hm²)			Biological yield (t/hm²)			Harvest index
Seed priming treatment	FC	AWD		FC	AWD		FC	AWD	FC		AWD	FC		AWD	FC		AWD	FC		AWD
Hydro-priming	75.0 b	71.0 d		337.0 d	335.0 d		62.0 d	74.0 ab	21.0 c		22.0 ab	2.08 d		2.15 cd	11.95 c		10.84 d	0.17 c		0.19 a
Osmo-priming (KCl)	79.0 a	70.0 d		343.0 c	336.0 d		75.0 a	74.0 ab	23.0 a		22.0 ab	2.45 b		2.18 cd	12.20 c		10.43 d	0.20 a		0.21 a
Osmo-priming (CaCl₂)	61.0 e	70.0 d		301.0 f	358.0 b		66.0 c	74.0 ab	21.0 b		22.0 ab	2.24 c		2.59 a	13.28 b		12.88 b	0.17 c		0.20 a
Osmo-priming (MLE)	72.0 c	70.0 d		311.0 e	369.0 a		74.0 ab	74.0 ab	23.0 a		22.0 ab	2.47 b		2.61 a	12.30 c		14.07 a	0.20 a		0.18 b
LSD interaction	1.37		3.18			0.92				0.75			0.10			0.45			0.01
Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; LSD, Least significant difference.

Seed priming treatment	Plant height (cm)			No. of productive tillers per m²			No. of grains per panicle		Panicle length (cm)			Grain yield (t/hm²)			Biological yield (t/hm²)			Harvest index
Seed priming treatment	FC	AWD		FC	AWD		FC	AWD	FC		AWD	FC		AWD	FC		AWD	FC		AWD
Hydro-priming	75.0 b	71.0 d		337.0 d	335.0 d		62.0 d	74.0 ab	21.0 c		22.0 ab	2.08 d		2.15 cd	11.95 c		10.84 d	0.17 c		0.19 a
Osmo-priming (KCl)	79.0 a	70.0 d		343.0 c	336.0 d		75.0 a	74.0 ab	23.0 a		22.0 ab	2.45 b		2.18 cd	12.20 c		10.43 d	0.20 a		0.21 a
Osmo-priming (CaCl₂)	61.0 e	70.0 d		301.0 f	358.0 b		66.0 c	74.0 ab	21.0 b		22.0 ab	2.24 c		2.59 a	13.28 b		12.88 b	0.17 c		0.20 a
Osmo-priming (MLE)	72.0 c	70.0 d		311.0 e	369.0 a		74.0 ab	74.0 ab	23.0 a		22.0 ab	2.47 b		2.61 a	12.30 c		14.07 a	0.20 a		0.18 b
LSD interaction	1.37		3.18			0.92				0.75			0.10			0.45			0.01
Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; LSD, Least significant difference.

Seed priming treatment	Normal grain (%)		Abortive grain (%)		Opaque grain (%)		Chalky grain (%)		Grain length (cm)		Grain width (cm)		Water productivity (kg/m³)
Seed priming treatment	FC	AWD	FC	AWD	FC	AWD	FC	AWD	FC	AWD	FC	AWD	FC	AWD
Hydro-priming	49.00 bcd	39.00 e	12.00 ab	14.00 ab	7.00	9.00	32.00 ab	38.00 a	11.43 ab	11.54 ab	2.12 abc	2.24 a	0.14 c	0.15 c
Osmo-priming (KCl)	47.00 cd	49.00 bcd	16.00 a	15.00 a	7.00	9.00	30.00 ab	27.00 b	10.46 b	11.67 a	2.19 ab	1.92 c	0.16 ab	0.14 c
Osmo-priming (CaCl₂)	57.00 a	53.00 ab	6.00 b	11.00 ab	8.00	9.00	29.00 ab	27.00 b	11.05 ab	10.94 ab	2.20 ab	2.22 ab	0.15 bc	0.17 a
Osmo-priming (MLE)	45.00 d	51.00 bc	17.00 a	12.00 ab	10.00	9.00	28.00 ab	28.00 b	11.02 ab	11.09 ab	1.97 bc	1.89 c	0.17 a	0.17 a
LSD interaction	5.83		6.41		ns		9.01		1.28		0.24		0.02
Values followed by different letters in a column are significantly different at the 0.05 level. FC, Field capacity of direct seeded rice; AWD, Alternate wetting and drying of direct seeded rice; MLE, Moringa leaf extract; LSD, Least significant difference; ns, Not significant.