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Coleoptile Purple Line Regulated by A-P Gene System Is a Valuable Marker Trait for Seed Purity Identification in Hybrid Rice Du Shuanglin, Wang Zhongwei, Chen Yun, Tan Yao, Li Xiang, Zhu Wenping, He Guanghua, Lei Kairong, Guo Longbiao, Zhang Yi Rice Science    2022, 29 (5): 451-461.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.07.005 Abstract （480）   HTML （1073743541）    PDF （15214KB）（1324）       Knowledge map    Save In plants, a large number of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes encoding enzymes and regulatory genes encoding transcription factors are required for anthocyanin synthesis. Coleoptile purple lines are two purple lines on both sides of coleoptiles after seed germination. However, the molecular mechanism of coleoptile purple line is not clear in rice so far. In this study, two major dominant genes, coleoptile purple line 1 (OsCPL1, also known as OsC1) and coleoptile purple line 2 (OsCPL2), were isolated via map-based cloning, and both of them were required for anthocyanin biosynthesis of coleoptile purple line in rice. The knockout and complementation experiments confirmed that OsC1 was required for purple color in most organs, such as coleoptile line, sheath, auricle, stigma and apiculus, whereas OsCPL2 was just required for coleoptile purple line. OsC1 was predominantly expressed in coleoptiles, flag leaves, and green panicles, and highly expressed in young leaves, whereas OsCPL2 was predominantly expressed in coleoptiles, and extremely lowly expressed in the other tested organs. Loss-of-function of either OsC1 or OsCPL2 resulted in significant reduction of transcript levels of multiple anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in coleoptiles. Coleoptile purple line was further used as a marker trait in hybrid rice. Purity identification in hybrid rice seeds via coleoptile purple line just needed a little water, soil and a small plate and could be completed within 5 d. Molecular marker and field identification analyses indicated that coleoptile purple line was reliable for the hybrid seed purity identification. Our findings disclosed that coleoptile purple line in rice was regulated by two major dominant genes, OsC1 and OsCPL2, and can be used as a simple, rapid, accurate and economic marker trait for seed purity identification in hybrid rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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OsABT, a Rice WD40 Domain-Containing Protein, Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Tolerance Chen Eryong, Shen Bo Rice Science    2022, 29 (3): 247-256.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.07.012 Abstract （286）   HTML （1484783622）    PDF （46665KB）（1219）       Knowledge map    Save Plant growth and crop productivity are severely affected by abiotic stress on a global scale. WD40 repeat-containing proteins play a significant role in the development and environmental adaptation of eukaryotes. In this study, OsABT, a stress response gene, was cloned from rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). OsABT encodes a protein containing seven WD40 domains. Expression analysis revealed that the OsABT gene was first up-regulated and then down-regulated following treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) and NaCl, but was down-regulated when treated with PEG8000. Subcellular localization results showed that OsABT was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Arabidopsis roots. OsABT transgenic Arabidopsis showed significantly increased tolerance to ABA and salt stress during plant seedling development. However, the transgenic lines were more sensitive to drought stress. Moreover, OsABT can interact with OsABI2, a component of ABA signaling pathway. These results showed that OsABT plays a positive regulatory role in response to salt stress and a negative role in response to drought stress in Arabidopsis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Nucleus-Encoded Thylakoid Protein, OsY3IP1, Confers Enhanced Tolerance to Saline and Alkaline Stresses in Rice Hyeran Moon, Young-Ah Kim, Ryoung Shin, Chang-Jin Park Rice Science    2022, 29 (3): 225-236.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.08.004 Abstract （268）   HTML （2013265922）    PDF （3083KB）（1122）       Knowledge map    Save Abiotic stress confers serious damage to the photosynthetic machinery, often resulting in plant growth inhibition. Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame 3 (Ycf3)-interacting protein 1 (Y3IP1) is a nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein and plays an essential role in the assembly of photosystem I. The full-length cDNA over-expresser (FOX) gene-hunting system is an approach using systemically generated gain-of-function mutants. Among the FOX-rice lines, a line CE175 overexpressing rice Y3IP1 gene (OsY3IP1) displayed less inhibition of root growth under saline (NaCl) stress. The expression of OsY3IP1 was up-regulated under saline and alkaline (Na2CO3) stresses in the rice variety Kitaake. After saline and alkaline treatments, transgenic Kitaake overexpressing OsY3IP1-GFP (OsY3IP1-GFPox/Kit) displayed higher levels of chlorophyll content compared to Kitaake. Under the stress conditions, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry levels was higher in OsY3IP1-GFPox/Kit than in Kitaake. The increased tolerance conferred by OsY3IP1 overexpression correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our data provide new insights into the possible role of OsY3IP1 in the pathway suppressing photooxidative damage under stress conditions. These features can be further exploited to improve saline and alkaline tolerances of rice plants in future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Conservation and Utilization of Genetic Resources of Wild Rice in China Yang Ziyi, Xu Zhijian, Yang Qingwen, Qiao Weihua Rice Science    2022, 29 (3): 216-224.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.08.003 Abstract （260）   HTML （1346371609）    PDF （3767KB）（1114）       Knowledge map    Save The abundant genetic resources of wild rice in China represent a key gene pool for modern rice breeding, contributing to food production and agricultural development in China and worldwide. Between the 1970s and the 2010s, two national wild rice surveys were carried out in China. More than 20 000 accessions of three species Oryza rufipogon, O. officinalis and O. meyeriana have been conserved ex situ. An in situ conservation system has also been set up to protect notable and endangered populations. This review summarized the geographical distribution of wild rice in China, the current status of conservation, the discovery of elite genes, and the application of research into the origin and domestication of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Rational Design of Grain Size to Improve Rice Yield and Quality Tao Yajun, Wang Jun, Xu Yang, Wang Fangquan, Li Wenqi, Jiang Yanjie, Chen Zhihui, Fan Fangjun, Zhu Jianping, Li Xia, Yang Jie Rice Science    2023, 30 (1): 1-5.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.04.003 Abstract （282）   HTML （4428）    PDF （63392KB）（1079）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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NRL3 Interacts with OsK4 to Regulate Heading Date in Rice Chen Wei, Cai Yicong, Shakeel Ahmad, Wang Yakun, An Ruihu, Tang Shengjia, Guo Naihui, Wei Xiangjin, Tang Shaoqing, Shao Gaoneng, Jiao Guiai, Xie Lihong, Hu Shikai, Sheng Zhonghua, Hu Peisong Rice Science    2022, 29 (3): 237-246.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.01.010 Abstract （148）   HTML （1761641476）    PDF （3737KB）（1034）       Knowledge map    Save NRL3 is essential for the growth and development of rice leaves. In this study, we found that the loss function of NRL3 also delayed heading date under natural long daylight and short daylight conditions. The yeast two-hybrid and the bimolecular fluorescence complementation proved that NRL3 interacts with OsK4, a Snf1-related kinase. OsK4 localized to the nucleus and expressed in various rice tissues. The rhythmic expression pattern of OsK4 was similar to NRL3 under long daylight and short daylight conditions. Knock-out mutants of OsK4 exhibited early heading under long daylight conditions, indicating that it acts as a negative regulator of heading date in rice. Interestingly, the OsK4 mutant under the nrl3 mutant background rescued the late heading phenotype of nrl3 under long daylight conditions, suggesting that OsK4 functions downstream of NRL3. Moreover, both NRL3 and OsK4 controlled heading date through regulating the expression of Hd3a and RFT1 genes. These findings shed light on the heading date regulation in rice and provide a sound theoretical base to improve regional adaptability of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characterization of a Novel Weak Allele of RGA1/D1 and Its Potential Application in Rice Breeding Liu Yantong, Li Ting, Jiang Zhishu, Zeng Chuihai, He Rong, Qiu Jiao, Lin Xiaoli, Peng Limei, Song Yongping, Zhou Dahu, Cai Yicong, Zhu Changlan, Fu Junru, He Haohua, Xu Jie Rice Science    2022, 29 (6): 522-534.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.03.001 Abstract （312）   HTML （1644167176）    PDF （5209KB）（1022）       Knowledge map    Save Semi-dwarfing improves the lodging resistance and yield of rice, and the vast majority of modern rice varieties harbor the sd1 allele to decrease plant height, resulting in reduced genetic diversity and negative agronomic traits. Thus, exploring alternative sources of dwarfism is imperative for rice breeding. Here, we identified a novel RGA1 allele, d1-w, from a local indica variety Xiaolixiang (XLX) using a map-based cloning approach. Compared with other rice varieties, RGA1 in XLX contained a unique single nucleotide polymorphism that resulted in an additional transcript and reduced functional RGA1 transcript level. The RGA1 from Nipponbare was introduced into XLX to estimate the value of d1-w in rice breeding. Compared with transgenic XLX plants (XLXD1), XLX exhibited reduced plant height, increased stem strength, lower reactive oxygen species accumulation, delayed senescence, stronger photosynthesis, higher grain yield and quality (including external, milling and nutritional qualities), and enhanced resistance to drought and Rhizoctonia solani. Therefore, we proposed that the d1-w allele has potential as an excellent dwarfism resource for rice breeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Three Genes Related to Trehalose Metabolism Affect Sclerotial Development of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, Causal Agent of Rice Sheath Blight Wang Chenjiaozi, Zhao Mei, Shu Canwei, Zhou Erxun Rice Science    2022, 29 (3): 268-276.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.09.004 Abstract （188）   HTML （1610613251）    PDF （44514KB）（1013）       Knowledge map    Save Trehalose metabolism is related to the sclerotial development of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA, the causal agent of rice sheath blight (RSB). Here, we further elucidated the functions of three genes Rstre, Rstps1 and Rstpp that encode three key enzymes trehalase (TRE), alpha, alpha-trehalose- phosphate synthase (TPS1) and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) in the sclerotial development of R. solani AG-1 IA. Due to the lack of a stable genetic transformation system for R. solani, the heterologous expression of these three genes in Pichia pastoris GS115 was performed. The results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents and enzyme activities in R. solani decreased significantly in the treatments of the fermentation broths of Rstps1 and Rstpp transformants, and that in the treatment of the fermentation broth of Rstre transformant visibly increased. Furthermore, the fermentation broths of the transformants of all the three genes were added to potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the cultivation of R. solani, as a result, the dry weight of sclerotia in each PDA plate containing the fermentation broths of Rstps1 and Rstpp transformants significantly increased compared with the control, and that of Rstre transformant obviously decreased. Finally, 178 proteins were found to interact with RSTPS1, and 16 of them were associated with ROS. Taken together, the findings suggest that all these three genes related to trehalose metabolism play important roles in the sclerotial development of R. solani AG-1 IA, and can be used as new targets for the development of novel high-efficiency fungicides for the controlling of RSB. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Simple and Rapid Oxidative Stress Screening Method of Small Molecules for Functional Studies of Transcription Factor Vanitha Adhinarayanreddy, Preethi Vijayaraghavareddy, Ashwin Vargheese, Sujitha Dadi, Akshay Uttarkar, Vidya Niranjan, Anuradha Venkatraman, Sheshshayee M. Sreeman, Ramu S. Vemanna Rice Science    2022, 29 (5): 402-406.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.07.002 Abstract （269）   HTML （1610612743）    PDF （8944KB）（1001）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Feasibility of Improving Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Seeding Efficiency by Using Rice Varieties with Low Seed Weight Wang Xinyu, Yang Guodong, Pan Xiangcheng, Xiang Hongshun, Peng Shaobing, Xu Le Rice Science    2022, 29 (4): 299-303.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.05.001 Abstract （266）   HTML （1476395038）    PDF （10690KB）（950）       Knowledge map    Save Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has offered a promising platform for rice direct seeding that can substantially reduce labor input in the crop establishment process. However, the insufficient payload capacity of UAV-based seeders is currently limiting its intensive and large-scale use for rice direct seeding. This study indicated a large variation in seed weight across varieties, ranging from 15.0 to 36.5 mg and 14.0 to 31.3 mg for inbred and hybrid varieties, respectively, with average seed weights of 25.3 mg for inbred and 24.7 mg for hybrid varieties. Seed weights of 160 out of 4 106 inbred varieties and 17 out of 311 hybrid varieties ranged from 15.0 to 20.0 mg. Reducing seed weight from 25.0 to 15.0 mg increased the seeding area per UAV flight by 67% regardless of inbred and hybrid varieties, although the absolute increase in seeding area for hybrid variety was greater than that for inbred variety because of the difference in seeding rate. The grain yield of inbred varieties was reduced when the seed weight was less than 24 mg. Moreover, 87% of inbred varieties with a seed weight ≤ 20 mg were distributed in South China where rice consumers prefer small rice grains. Therefore, the use of low-seed-weight inbred varieties for improving UAV seeding efficiency might be considered in South China. Unlike inbred rice, 64% of hybrid varieties had higher grain weights compared with their seed weights, and reducing seed weights did not necessarily cause yield loss. Therefore, the small-seed-and-large-grain strategy in hybrid rice could be used for improving UAV seeding efficiency without yield loss. This strategy can be considered for improving UAV seeding efficiency in rice production regions other than South China. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Poaceae Orthologs of Rice OsSGL, DUF1645 Domain-Containing Genes, Positively Regulate Drought Tolerance, Grain Length and Weight in Rice Liu Kai, Li Minjuan, Zhang Bin, Yin Xuming, Xia Xinjie, Wang Manling, Cui Yanchun Rice Science    2022, 29 (3): 257-267.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.11.001 Abstract （107）   HTML （1621098502）    PDF （12490KB）（938）       Knowledge map    Save Grain yield is a polygenic trait that can be influenced by environmental factors and genetic compositions at all plant growth stages. Currently, the molecular mechanisms behind the coordination of the interaction between grain yield-related traits remain unknown. In this study, we characterized the function of four STRESS_tolerance and GRAIN_LENGTH (OsSGL) Poaceae ortholog genes that are transcribed into DUF1645 domain-containing proteins in relation to the grain length, grain weight, and drought stress-tolerance of rice. The transgenic plants with overexpressing or heterologous high levels of Poaceae OsSGL ortholog genes exhibited longer grain size than the wild type plants. Larger cells were seen in panicles of the four transgenic lines with paraffin sectioning and scanning electron microscopy analyses. In addition, four Poaceae OsSGL ortholog genes positively affected the drought tolerance of rice. Four transgenic plants displayed higher resistance to drought stress at the seedling and vegetative stages. RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR results indicated that over- or heterologous-expression of four Poaceae OsSGL ortholog genes also affected the transcriptome of rice plants. These genes may play a role in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis and their transduction pathways. Taken together, these results suggested that the four OsSGL orthologs have a conserved function in the regulation of stress-tolerance and cell growth by modulating hormonal biosynthesis and signaling. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Computer-Assisted Real-Time Rice Variety Learning Using Deep Learning Network Pandia Rajan Jeyaraj, Siva Prakash Asokan, Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar Rice Science    2022, 29 (5): 489-498.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.02.003 Abstract （168）   HTML （1073743879）    PDF （14339KB）（927）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the inconsistency of rice variety, agricultural industry faces an important challenge of rice grading and classification by the traditional grading system. The existing grading system is manual, which introduces stress and strain to humans due to visual inspection. Automated rice grading system development has been proposed as a promising research area in computer vision. In this study, an accurate deep learning-based non-contact and cost-effective rice grading system was developed by rice appearance and characteristics. The proposed system provided real-time processing by using a NI-myRIO with a high-resolution camera and user interface. We firstly trained the network by a rice public dataset to extract rice discriminative features. Secondly, by using transfer learning, the pre-trained network was used to locate the region by extracting a feature map. The proposed deep learning model was tested using two public standard datasets and a prototype real-time scanning system. Using AlexNet architecture, we obtained an average accuracy of 98.2% with 97.6% sensitivity and 96.4% specificity. To validate the real-time performance of proposed rice grading classification system, various performance indices were calculated and compared with the existing classifier. Both simulation and real-time experiment evaluations confirmed the robustness and reliability of the proposed rice grading system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Polycomb Repressive Complex 2-Mediated H3K27 Trimethylation Is Required for Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae Wu Zhongling, Qiu Jiehua, Shi Huanbin, Lin Chuyu, Yue Jiangnan, Liu Zhiquan, Xie Wei, Naweed I. Naqvi, Kou Yanjun, Tao Zeng Rice Science    2022, 29 (4): 363-374.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.11.006 Abstract （275）   HTML （1207959570）    PDF （1106KB）（919）       Knowledge map    Save Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) contributes to catalyze the methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 and plays vital roles in transcriptional silencing and growth development in various organisms. In Magnaporthe oryzae, histone H3K27 is found to associate with altered transcription of in planta induced genes. However, it is still unknown whether and how H3K27me3 modification is involved in pathogenicity to rice and stress response. In this study, we found that core subunits of PRC2, Kmt6-Suz12-Eed, were required for fungal pathogenicity to rice in M. oryzae. Kmt6-Suz12-Eed localized in the nuclei and was necessary for the establishment of H3K27me3 modification. With ChIP-seq analysis, 9.0% of genome regions enriched with H3K27me3 occupancy, which corresponded to 1033 genes in M. oryzae. Furthermore, deletion of Kmt6, Suz12 or Eed altered genome-wide transcriptional expression, while the de-repression genes in the ∆kmt6 strain were highly associated with H3K27me3 occupancy. Notably, plenty of genes which encode effectors and secreted enzymes, secondary metabolite synthesis genes, and cell wall stress-responsive genes were directly occupied with H3K27me3 modification and de-repression in the ∆kmt6 strain. These results elaborately explained how PRC2 was required for pathogenicity, which is closely related to effector modulated host immunity and host environment adaption. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of High Photosynthetic Efficiency and Biomass in Oryza longistaminata Si Fengfeng, Fan Fengfeng, Wei Xiao, He Shihao, Li Xianlong, Peng Xiaojue, Li Shaoqing Rice Science    2022, 29 (6): 569-576.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.01.011 Abstract （151）   HTML （1342308499）    PDF （3339KB）（909）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthetic efficiency, a key trait that determines yield potential in rice, is quantitatively regulated by multiple genes. Utilization of valuable genetic resources hidden in wild rice is an effective way to improve rice photosynthesis and yield potential. In this study, 152 backcross inbred lines derived from wild rice Oryza longistaminata were explored for QTL mapping of photosynthetic rate (Pn) and biomass (BM) in natural fields. Five novel QTLs for Pn and seven QTLs for BM or daily biomass (DBM) derived from O. longistaminata were identified. One of these QTLs, qPn8.1, could significantly improve Pn and was located in a 68-kb region containing only 11 candidate genes. Meanwhile, qBM1.1 and qDBM1.1 for BM and DBM on chromosome 1 were overlapped with qPn1.1 for Pn from 9311, and could affect both Pn and BM in natural fields. These QTLs identified in O. longistaminata may provide a novel alternative to explore new genes and resources for yield potentiality, highlighting the important role of wild rice in rice breeding programs. Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A β-ketoacyl-CoA Synthase OsCUT1 Confers Increased Drought Tolerance in Rice Gao Xiuying, Zhang Ye, Zhang Hongsheng, Huang Ji Rice Science    2022, 29 (4): 353-362.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.12.009 Abstract （150）   HTML （1210056740）    PDF （25500KB）（890）       Knowledge map    Save Drought stress is one of the major environmental factors affecting crop growth and productivity. Cuticular wax plays essential roles in protecting plants from environmental stress via forming a hydrophobic barrier on leaf epidermis. In this study, we analyzed nine members (OsCUT1?OsCUT9) of β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, the rate-limiting key enzyme for cuticular wax synthesis in rice by homology search and domain prediction. The expression levels of OsCUT genes under different abiotic stresses were investigated and OsCUT1 down-regulated by abiotic stress was selected for further function validation. Compared to the wild type, overexpression of OsCUT1 (OX-OsCUT1) exhibited significantly increased drought resistance. Epicuticular wax was increased on the leaf surface of OX-OsCUT1 and the chlorophyll leaching experiment showed that the cuticular permeability was decreased in the OX-OsCUT1 plants. Moreover, overexpression of OsCUT1 didn’t result in the significant changes of major agronomic traits. In total, these results suggested that OsCUT1 is a promising gene for engineering rice plants with enhanced drought tolerance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of Medicinal Plant Extracts for Rice Blast Disease Control Tan Yanping, Deng Shiqi, Qin Yonghua, Xu Xin, Yu You, Cui Liu, Wang Chuntai, Jiang Changjie, Liu Xinqiong Rice Science    2023, 30 (1): 6-10.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.03.003 Abstract （235）   HTML （16464）    PDF （1549KB）（890）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Additive Effects of QTLs/Genes on Rice Grain Size Traits Revealed by Genetic Comparisons He Lei, Liang Wenhua, Hu Jiang, Zhao Chunfang, Yao Shu, Chen Tao, Zhu Zhen, Zhao Qingyong, Lu Kai, Zhao Ling, Zhou Lihui, Qian Qian, Wang Cailin, Zhang Yadong Rice Science    2023, 30 (3): 171-175.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2023.03.001 Abstract （200）   HTML （317）    PDF （3596KB）（879）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice Nie Yuanyuan, Xia Hui, Ma Xiaosong, Lou Qiaojun, Liu Yi, Zhang Anling, Cheng Liang, Yan Longan, Luo Lijun Rice Science    2022, 29 (3): 277-287.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.11.002 Abstract （190）   HTML （1486880772）    PDF （4651KB）（876）       Knowledge map    Save Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC2F7 backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Saline-Alkali Tolerance in Rice: Physiological Response, Molecular Mechanism, and QTL Identification and Application to Breeding Ratan Kumar Ganapati, Shahzad Amir Naveed, Sundus Zafar, Wang Wensheng, Xu Jianlong Rice Science    2022, 29 (5): 412-434.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.05.002 Abstract （249）   HTML （525702）    PDF （14011KB）（861）       Knowledge map    Save Salinity-alkalinity is incipient abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a major food crop greatly affected by soil salinity and alkalinity, requiring tolerant varieties in the saline-alkali prone areas. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms of saline-alkali tolerance paves the base for improving saline-alkali tolerance in rice and leads to progress in breeding. This review illustrated the physiological consequences, and molecular mechanisms especially signaling and function of regulating genes for saline-alkali tolerance in rice plants. We also discussed QTLs regarding saline-alkali tolerance accordingly and ways of deployment for improvement. More efforts are needed to identify and utilize the identified QTLs for saline-alkali tolerance in rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Transcriptome Analysis Provides Novel Insights into Salt Stress Response in Two Egyptian Rice Varieties with Different Tolerance Levels Shehab Mohamed, Iovene Marina, Ciancio Aurelio, Colagiero Mariantonietta, Finetti-Sialer Mariella Rice Science    2022, 29 (6): 499-502.   DOI: 10.1016/j.rsci.2022.09.001 Abstract （268）   HTML （1476935695）    PDF （4759KB）（859）       Knowledge map    Save Table and Figures | Reference | Supplementary Material | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）